Software System Software Application Software Plymouth State University System Software Plymouth State University What is Software? Step-by-step instructions(program) Software controls the hardware Software Package includes: • Instructions for.
Download ReportTranscript Software System Software Application Software Plymouth State University System Software Plymouth State University What is Software? Step-by-step instructions(program) Software controls the hardware Software Package includes: • Instructions for.
Slide 1
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 2
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 3
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 4
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 5
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 6
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 7
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 8
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 9
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 10
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 11
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 12
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 13
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 14
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 15
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 16
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 17
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 18
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 19
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 20
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 21
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 22
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 23
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 24
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 25
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 26
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 27
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 28
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 29
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 30
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 31
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 32
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 33
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 34
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 35
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 36
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 37
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 38
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 39
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 40
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 41
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 42
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 43
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 44
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 45
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 46
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 47
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 48
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 49
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 50
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 51
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 52
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 53
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 54
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 55
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 56
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 57
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 58
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 59
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 60
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 61
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 62
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 63
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 64
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 65
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 66
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 67
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 68
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 69
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 70
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 71
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 72
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 73
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 74
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 75
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 76
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 77
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 78
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
E-mail
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 2
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 3
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 4
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 5
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 6
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 7
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 8
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 9
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 10
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 11
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 12
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 13
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 14
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 15
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 16
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 17
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 18
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 19
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 20
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 21
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 22
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 23
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 24
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 25
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 26
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 27
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 28
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 29
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 30
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 31
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 32
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 33
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 34
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 35
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 36
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 37
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 38
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 39
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 40
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 41
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 42
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 43
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 44
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 45
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 46
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 47
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 48
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 49
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 50
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 51
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 52
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 53
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 54
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 55
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 56
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 57
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 58
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 59
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 60
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 61
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 62
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 63
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 64
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 65
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 66
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 67
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 68
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 69
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 70
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 71
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 72
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 73
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 74
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 75
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 76
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University
Slide 77
Software
System Software
Application Software
Plymouth State University
System Software
Plymouth State University
What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
Plymouth State University
Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
Plymouth State University
One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
Plymouth State University
Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
Plymouth State University
Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
Plymouth State University
Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
Plymouth State University
“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
Plymouth State University
Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
Plymouth State University
Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
Plymouth State University
File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
Plymouth State University
File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
Plymouth State University
Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
Plymouth State University
Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
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Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
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Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
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Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
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Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
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Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
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Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
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Single-user, Single-tasking
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Multi-user, Multi-tasking
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Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
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Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
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Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
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Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
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Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
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My Computer Window
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Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
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Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
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Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
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Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
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Disk Cleanup
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Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
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Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
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Windows User Interface
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Mac OS User Interface
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Linux User Interface
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Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
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Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
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Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
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Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
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Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
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The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
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Early Document
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Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
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Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
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Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
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Database
Personal Information Manager
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Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
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Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
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Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
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Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
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66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
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FTP File Transfer
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Audio Editing
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Windows Media Player
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Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
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Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
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CD-ROM Software Installation
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Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
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Slide 78
Software
System Software
Application Software
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System Software
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What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
Software controls the hardware
Software Package includes:
• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
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Software Categories
System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Application Software
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One of the First
“Personal Computers”
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One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
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Without an Operating System
Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
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Working with System Software
Users
Software
Hardware
System Software
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Working with Application
Software
Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software
Hardware
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Operating System
What It Does
Booting
CPU management
File management
Task management
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“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
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Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
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Input / Output of Information
All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
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File Storage
A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape
You supply the name
The application supplies the extension
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File Names
.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application
Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
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Files may Contain
Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)
Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)
Commands (.BAT)
Source Code (.BAS, .C)
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Working With Files
To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
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Operating System
Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
Plymouth State University
Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
Plymouth State University
Task Management
Multitasking
Multiprogramming (multi-user)
Time-sharing (round-robin)
Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
Plymouth State University
Single-user, Single-tasking
Plymouth State University
Multi-user, Multi-tasking
Plymouth State University
Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
Plymouth State University
Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
Plymouth State University
Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
Plymouth State University
Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
Plymouth State University
My Computer Window
Plymouth State University
Handhelds
Operating System Platforms
Palm OS
Windows CE/Pocket PC
Plymouth State University
Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
Plymouth State University
Other System Software
Device drivers
Utility programs
Plymouth State University
Examples of Utilities
Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
Plymouth State University
Disk Cleanup
Plymouth State University
Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
Plymouth State University
Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
Examples:
•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
Plymouth State University
Windows User Interface
Plymouth State University
Mac OS User Interface
Plymouth State University
Linux User Interface
Plymouth State University
Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
Plymouth State University
Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
Plymouth State University
Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
Plymouth State University
Types of Application Software
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware
Non-Copyright
• Public domain
Plymouth State University
Application Software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
Reference
Games
Plymouth State University
The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
Plymouth State University
Documents
To convey our ideas to others
Letters
Job Applications
Reports
Publication
Plymouth State University
Early Document
Plymouth State University
Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
Plymouth State University
Word Processing
Integrating Tables & Graphs
Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
Plymouth State University
Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
Plymouth State University
Database
Personal Information Manager
Plymouth State University
Software Suites
Usually contain:
•
•
•
•
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
Plymouth State University
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Plymouth State University
Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
Plymouth State University
Computer Art Programs
Drawing programs
Painting programs
Plymouth State University
Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
Plymouth State University
Raster
image
Painting Software
Free-hand
Bit-mapped
Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
Plymouth State University
64
Drawing Software
Object-oriented
Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects
Objects may be moved as a
single item
Plymouth State University
65
CAD
Used for scaled drawings
Architecture
Mechanical Design
Plymouth State University
66
Project Management Software
Manage projects that involve others
Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
Plymouth State University
FTP File Transfer
Plymouth State University
Audio Editing
Plymouth State University
Windows Media Player
Plymouth State University
Intellectual Property
Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer
Not recognized by all countries
Software Piracy
Plymouth State University
Software Licenses
Signed Contract
Shrinkwrap
Single-use
Multi-use
Concurrent-use
Site License
Plymouth State University
Software Piracy
Illegal copying of
Software
Illegal Distribution of
Software
Illegal Use of Software
Plymouth State University
What is software piracy?
Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
Plymouth State University
Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
Plymouth State University
CD-ROM Software Installation
Plymouth State University
Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
Plymouth State University
Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
Plymouth State University