Slide 1

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 2

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 3

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 4

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 5

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 6

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 7

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 8

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 9

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 10

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 11

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 12

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 13

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 14

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 15

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 16

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 17

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 18

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 19

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 20

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 21

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 22

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 23

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 24

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 25

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 26

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 27

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 28

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 29

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 30

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 31

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 32

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 33

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 34

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 35

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 36

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 37

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 38

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 39

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 40

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 41

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 42

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 43

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 44

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 45

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 46

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 47

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 48

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 49

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 50

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 51

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 52

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 53

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 54

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 55

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 56

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 57

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 58

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 59

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 60

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 61

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 62

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 63

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 64

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 65

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 66

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 67

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 68

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 69

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 70

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 71

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 72

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 73

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 74

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.


Slide 75

CIS570

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

WS1: Information Systems Today &
Tomorrow
•Impact of business changes on technology
assets
•Roles of Information Systems in Business
•Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Technology and Competitive Advantage

•Technology Trends

Impact of business changes on
technology assets
•Technology change as a constant
•Technology and the organization’s
strategic plan
•Management, organizational culture and
technology change

Roles of Information Systems in
Business
•Support of Business Processes and
Operations
•Support of Decision-Making
•Support of Strategies for Competitive
Advantage

Cost-Benefit of Information Technology
•Speed
•Consistency

•Reliability

Technology and Competitive Advantage
• Technology and competitive advanatage
• First Mover advantage
• Of Eagles, Otters and Unicorns

Technology Trends
• Wireless Networks
•The wired employee
•Use of research firms, web-based research,
etc.

Major E-Business Applications
Electronic
Business
Applications
Telecommunications
Networks

Enterprise
Communication
and
Collaboration

Electronic
Commerce

Internal
Business
Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

MAJOR AI APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Science
(Human Information
Processing)
Expert Systems
Learning Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Intelligent Agents

Robotics Applications
Visual Perception
Tactility
Dexterity
Locomotion
Navigation

Natural Interface
Applications
Natural Languages
Speech Recognition
Multi sensory Interfaces
Virtual Reality

Strategy

"Never forget that only dead fish swim with the stream."
-- Malcolm Muggeridge

-

Strategy
At the height of the dot-com bubble, Autodesk CEO
Carol Bartz found herself being left off the “Most
Influential Leader” lists she had routinely been
included on in the past. The Reason? Ignoring
the Internet and stubbornly sticking to her
knitting.
Last month, a prominent business weekly printed
such a list and Ms Bartz was once more on the
list. The Reason? Ignoring the Internet and
stubbornly sticking to her knitting.
Lee Gomes WSJ 04/04/2005
-

Creating a New System
“It must be remembered that there is nothing
more difficult to plan, more doubtful of

success, more dangerous to manage, than the
creation of a new system. For the initiator has
the enmity of all who would profit by the
preservation of the old institutions and merely
lukewarm defenders in those who would gain

by the new ones.
— Niccolo Machiavelli

Decision Making Framework

GOALS
OPPORTUNITIES
OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIONS

RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Information Age Paradox
"Despite the existence of more and
better information than ever
before, time pressure prevents
decision makers from gathering all
that they need and from sharing
it,"
-- Peter Tobia, author, "Decision Making in the
Digital Age: Challenges and Responses,"

Convergence
Computing
Applications
available for B2B
collaboration and/or
commerce
Communications

Types of Information Systems
WGSS

MIS

Flow
CRM

DSS

Transaction
What

EIS

Organization

Decentralized
TPS

AI

Office IS

Shared
Personal IS

Values
Honesty
Customers
Employees
Safety
Competitors
Revenue
Profits
Alliances
New Products
New Markets

Ecology
Cutting Edge
Image
Fun
Growth
Family
Capital
Quality
Social Capital
Location

Hedonism
Risk
Collaboration
Centralization
Creativity
Other

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE

Other Teams

Enthusiasm

STRUCTURE

Competition
Reward
System

Accountability

GOALS
Reporting
Relationships

Values
Clarity

Collaboration

Mission
Philosophy

Culture

Commitment
Stress

Feedback
System

Flexibility

Marketplace

Decision
Making
Behavior
Norm
Involvement

Pressures

Trust

Competition

Generalized System
Environment
Control

Input

Processing

Output

System

Components, Relationships, Boundaries, Interfaces,
Constraints

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Generalized Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Transmitter

Control

Message
Received

Transmission
Channel

Destination

Noise

Receiver

Modem Communications System
00100010101000110001111111000110001

Message

Info
Source

Message
Received

Control

Modem

Modem

Noise

Destination

Decision Making Framework
Information
Characteristics

Decision Structure
Business Professionals

Structured

Semi Structured

Un Structured

Operational
Management
Efficient, do thing right
Tactical Management
Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Strategic Management
Executives, Directors
-Transformation
RELATIVE TIME SPAN

Pre specified
Scheduled
Detailed
Frequent
Historical
Internal
Narrow Focus

Ad Hoc
Unscheduled
Summarized
Infrequent
Forward looking
External
Wide Scope

Decision Making Drivers
Decision Making Drivers at Work:
Decision Making Drivers at Large :
Technology
Complexity
Competition
Globalization
Environmental/Regulatory
Change

The MBA Alphabet Soup
•TQM

•Six Sigma
•SCM
•HCSCM
•VCM
•VVC
•Continuous Improvement

Enterprise Applications
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

Information
Information is a function of context, closely related to such
concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication,
representation, and mental stimulus.

We speak of the advent of the "information age," the
"information society," and information technologies,
and even though information science and computer
science are often in the spotlight, the word
"information" is often used without careful
consideration of the various meanings it has come to
acquire.

Information - as a message
As a message: communicated from the sender to the receiver.

-- does not have to be accurate. It may be a truth or a lie
-- may even be a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of
communication and create misunderstanding.

This model does not attach any significance to the idea that
information is something that can be extracted from an
environment

Information - as a pattern
Information is any represented pattern.

Example: economic statistics represent
an economy, however inaccurately

Information - as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input.
Example: while abstract painting does
not represent anything concretely,when
the viewer sees the painting, it is
nevertheless transformed into electrical
signals that create a representation of
the painting.

Information - Classification
•Top secret – "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if
disclosed.
•Secret – "serious damage" to national
security.
•Confidential – information which would
"damage" national security if disclosed.
•Unclassified – is the default,
unclassified is sometimes "restricted"

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Forces of Influence- Finding Nemo
Professionals in various fields rely on articles in
prestigious industry-specific journals to make decisions:
Engineering, finance, insurance, human resources,
medicine, education, politicians, etc.
What some authors do:
• Describe original main goal as secondary – 34%
• Fail to disclose original goal – 26 %
• Turn original secondary goal into main goal – 19%
• Create new main goal Source WSJ: 5-11-05
Most Likely in:
LA Times, JAMA, AMA, NY Times, WSJ?

Knowledge Management Paradox
The more competent domain experts
become, the less able they are to describe
the knowledge they use to solve problems

Problem Solving Process

Computers are useless. They can
only give you answers
Pablo Picasso:

Knowledge

Processed

Relevant, actionable

Information
Data

Contextual, relevant, actionable

Knowledge

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko - "to come to know," and is used
of knowledge acquired and communicated
objectively
oida, which (from idein, to "see with the
mind's eye") is inward consciousness,
knowledge of in one's own mind (hence a
derivative of it signifies "conscience");

Knowledge - Greek
ginosko (with its substantive gnosis),
epiginosko (with its substantive
epignosis), oida, and epistamai
"now I know (gin) in part, but then shall I fully know (epigin) even as also I am fully
known (epigin)." The difference between the two words is the intensive character
given to gnosis, "knowledge" (or its verb), by the preposition epi which is added to it,
making it "a deeper and more intimate knowledge and acquaintance."
The following passages in which the compound epignosis Or epiginosko is found will
confirm the distinctive force of it: Rom. 3: 20; Rom. 10: 2; Eph. 1: 17; Eph. 4: 13;
Phil. 1: 9; Col. 1: 6, 9, 10; Col. 2: 2 ("acknowledgement," A.V.); Col. 3: 10; 1 Tim. 2:
4; Titus 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 2, 3, 8 (cp. Matt. 11: 27

Knowledge

Info

Info
Info

concepts
beliefs
ideas

Info

Info
Info

Activation Functions
Unit Step

Sigmoid

Piecewise Linear

Gaussian

Identity

f (x) = x

Supply Chain Management

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

SCM Drivers
$1.1 Trillion in Inventory to support $3.2
Trillion in annual retail:
>$400 billion at retail locations
> $290 billion at wholesalers

>$450 billion at manufacturers
•8.2% of shoppers fail to find product in
stock
•These stock outs represent 6.5% of all retial
sales retailers suffer net loss sales of 3.1%

SCM Pitfalls
Demand Forecasting
Data Cleansing
Computational Efficiency
Simplistic Replenishment Methodology
Target Service Uniform Across SKUs
Product Unit Conversion as Functions of Increase in
Demand
Bullwhip Effect
Performance Metrics poorly used

SCM Summary
Customer Service greater revenue and profits

Inventory Turn Over  Frees up working capital
Worker Productivity Lowers operating expenses
Capacity Utilization  Increases return on assets
Lower Logistics Costs
expenses

 Lowers operating

Lower Cost of Goods Sold  Increases net
income

Technology Trends

Joseph Lewis Aguirre

Artificial Intelligence Drivers
New Scientist 04-2005 Editorial:

AI pervades our world and may soon start evolving faster than
humans can track it - in whose hands should this awesome
power reside? When it comes to emerging technologies we
know what we are afraid of, even though we may not know
why. There is no shortage of public debate about genetically
modified crops, nanotechnology and cloning. And policy makers
have responded: Many countries have laws that restrict they
way these technologies can be used.
So why the deafening silence about the potential dangers of artificial
intelligence? Here is a technology that is already changing the
world: AI is used in everything from guided missiles to air-traffic
control. It is not yet "intelligent" in the human sense, but looks
likely to change"

Headlines - War Games
CIA Overseeing 3-Day War Game on Internet
The CIA is conducting a war game this week to simulate an
unprecedented, Sept. 11-like electronic assault against the
United States. The three-day exercise, known as "Silent
Horizon," is meant to test the ability of government and
industry to respond to escalating Internet disruptions over
many months, according to participants.
05-25-05
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111627924241235058,00.html?mod=2%5F1153%5F2

Headlines - Thinking Machines
Under Pressure to make cars safer, smarter and more fuel
efficient, auto makers are going back to the drawing board
and the testing lab. The result: A surge of innovation abd
experimentation is coming that the industry has not seem
since its earliest days.

Increasingly, cars will become electronic
thinking machines - not just mechanical
devices
WSJ 07-25-05

Cars talk to roads & each other
Cars soon may 'talk' to roads, each other
Vehicles silently send /receive warnings from others in close
proximity.
They pass information back and forth to sensors along the
roadway that become part of a real-time database.
They tell of their approach to an intersection, warn about
hazards ahead or keep an inattentive driver from running a
red light, all with the goal of preventing accidents.
"It does seem like it's straight out of a science-fiction movie,"
"But it's happening already."
Robert Strassburger, VP of vehicle safety for the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers.
US Today 11/10/05

Predictions
1990 – 2000: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The
Social Life of Information, 2000
--> experts predicted the end of newspapers, television,
paper, office, established university…missed the The
Internet
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
In the early 1890s,a news agency commissioned 74
prominent Americans to write brief essays on what life
would be like in 1993, as part of the fanfare for the futureoriented World's Columbian Exposition, which opened in
Chicago in May 1893.

Predictions
1893-1993: Dave Walter, Today then
Correct Forecasts
•An income tax was coming.
•Homes would be air-conditioned.
•Women would vote.
•Florida would boom as a leisure state.
Cities would become groups of suburbs

Erroneous Forecasts
•Hypnotism would replace
anesthetics in surgery.
•The government would set up
colleges to train servants.
•Houses and cities would be built of
aluminum.
Unemployment would disappear.

Enterprise Collaboration Tools
Groupware
for
Enterprise
Collaboration

Electronic
Communications
Tools
•E-Mail
•Voice Mail, I Phone
•Web Publishing
•Faxing

Electronic
Conferencing
Tools
•Data Conferencing
•Voice Conferencing
•Videoconferencing
•Discussion Forums
•Electronic Meetings

Collaborative
Work
Management
Tools
•Calendaring
•Task and Project Mgt
•Workflow Systems
•Knowledge Mgt
•Document Sharing

Social Perception Machine
Social Signals: Tone of Voice, Facial Movement, Gesture
Listen in to social signals within conversations, ignoring words
Predictions:
•
•
•
•

Next move
Winner in negotiations
Connector within the group
Feelings about negotiations.

Applications:
•
•
•

Badge - social context sensing by infrared, audio and motion
GroupMedia PDA - Attraction signaling in social events
Serendipity Phone - Compares interests and makes socially appropriate introductions

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Socially Aware Communication
Potential Commercial Applications:
•

Mood Ring (“jerk-o-meter”) - enhance couple’s communication

•

Comfort Connection - call center application

•

Personal Trainer - immediate feedback

•

Winning Combination - Paring right salesperson with right client

Source: Alex Pentland MIT Media Arts and Sciences, Computer 3,2005

Microsoft Webinars
http://www.microsoft.com/management/training/webcasts.mspx

http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/1589.asp
http://ems.interwise.com/msfm/live/ViewRecording.asp?id=1589

WEBCASTS
http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/ondemand/default.asp

Worlds Cafe

Chat with NannieBot
[cameronfactor] ok so my friend was looking over my
shoulder in class today
[cameronfactor] and my teacher asked me if he was
cheating
[Guest8474860] sorry, not good at advice
[cameronfactor] should i tell her?
[Guest8474860] erm.....
[cameronfactor] ok, just thought i'd ask
[Guest8474860] is he a good friend?
[cameronfactor] yes, one of my best friends (charley)
[Guest8474860] was he cheating
[Guest8474860] or just looking
[cameronfactor] well i couldn't tell, but i did see him looking
over my shoulder
[cameronfactor] i think my teacher might know something
[Guest8474860] as i said, im not much good at advice, but
if he is a good friend, i wouldnt tell, but ask him not to do it
again

Knowledge Management
It's been said that if NASA wanted to go to the moon
again, it would have to start from scratch, having
lost not the data, but the human expertise that took
it there the last time.

Knowledge Networks Vs
Repositories
users
users

Query

users
users

Query

users
Codified
knowledge

Response

users
users

users

users

Wearables

Wearables
Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad This Sony GestureWrist and GesturePad..
IBM Research's Meta Pad IBM's research to explore how humans interact with computers and
define the technologies needed for future pervasive devices.
ViA II PC a lightweight, wearable design of the PC,
Matsucom onHand PC The onHand PC "wristwatch" is a full-featured PDA
Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC Hitachi PC
CharmIT wearable development kit The CharmIT is Charmed Technology's first wearable
development kit.
Bitsy-Borg wearable computer A single board computer and a MicroOptical™ eyeglass-mounted
display unit, targeted at the OEM developer.
Xybernaut's XyberKids Wearable Computing Platform The Xybernaut XyberKids product is a multicomponent solution for students who face the challenge of a disability,
OQO wireless handheld computer The OQO is the smallest high performance WindowsXP
computer with complete PC functionality.
Xybernaut Mobile Assistant® V The MA V is a powerfulsuper lightweight wearable computer .

Wearables Fashion
Dockers Mobile Pant
. Great for keeping cell phones, PDAs and beepers handy.
Scott eVest with personal area network SeVs have up to 42 hidden pockets and a patent-pending Personal Area Network (PAN).
Sanyo Fashion House Raincoats for Palm Devices Has a special pocket for Palm devices lined with static shielded material as well
as a cell phone pocket lined with anti-magnetic material.

Bristol Wearable Computing Project Concerned with exploring the potential of computer devices that are as unconsciously portable
and as personal as clothes or jewellery.
IBM Linux-based watch Linux on a wrist watch including Bluetooth capabilities
Samsung SPH-S100 cell phone watch PCS Single Mode (1,900 MHz) Watch Type Phone with SMS, Dedicated Ear-microphone,
Vibrating Alert Alarm/World Time, Automatically Call Lock, Voice Dialing(20), Speaker Phone Function, Phone Book(80) and
Calendar
Casio digital camera watch You can use IR data communication to transfer images to a computer
Casio PAT2GP-1V GPS Satellite NAVI watch uses GPS satellites that ring the globe to tell you your current location.
Timex Internet Messenger Watches Timex Internet Messenger Watches can receive email messages
Timex Watch - Speedpass System Inside the timepiece is a miniature Speedpass radio frequency transponder that allows customers to
instantly pay for purchases at Exxon and Mobil gasoline stations nationwide and at select
Microsoft Smart Personal Objects Technology (SPOT) Smart Personal Objects are common, everyday items, such as wristwatches,
clocks, pens, key-chains and refrigerator clock magnets that are made smarter, more personalized and more useful through the use of
specialized technology

Persuasive Technology - Captology
Persuasive Technology - Insight into how computing
products can be designed to change what people
believe and what they do in domains such as
•Health
•Business

•Safety
Design, theory, and analysis of persuasive
technologies: "captology."

DASH
BOARD
PROJECT
COST
CONTROL
03/04/2001

11/28/2001

Virtual Reality

VT™ CAVE™ Virginia Tech
"Future Watch", a CNN Documentary on Applications of a CAVE

Virtual Reality
VRML Resources
Web3D Consortium
VRML97

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism
Ampere's Law anim (255 kb)
Assorted anim (940 kb)
A line-integral (166 kb)
VRML Viewers
FreeWRL
GLView
OpenVRML
Web3D page
VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer

Human Mind Framework
Creative Machines

Perception Learning

Internal
Imagery

Cognitive neuroscience acknowledges only three
principal activities going on within the brain: learning,
perception, and internal imagery (imagination).

http://www.imagination-engines.com/

Life Creation
“Biologist J. Craig Venter once raced the US
Government to complete the decoding of the
human gnome. Now after a maverick career
studying the code of life, Dr. Venter has a new
goal: Life itself”
WSJ 06-29-05

Future IT Strategies
1. Be customer-value driven…help align technology
capabilities with business needs.
2. Be an innovation leader. .. and partner in business
process improvement.

3. Create a standardized, open-systems environment and
infrastructure that leverages common platforms to:
•

maximize speed and access to information

•

allow flexibility and rapid development of specific
end-user applications

•

streamline the integration of commercial and custom
applications across the business

Trends to Watch
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ubiquitous wireless microchips: socks, brain, toaster
Move toward human-centric designs: reliable software
Moore’s Law will continue indefinitely
Quantum computers will obsolete current cryptography
methods
5. We will face social conflicts with robots
6. Green living possible as a result of Ubiquitous computers
7. Electricity will grow as a function of the Internet
8. All software, books, documents and information will be
free.
9. Robots will explore space and our bodies
10.Bionic bodies parts will expand lifespan

Evaluating the Claims

Instead of extrapolating a trend, examine the social
consequences if the claim becomes true

Knowledge Explosion

The need for intelligent information management is clear.