Assumption College Primary Section Semester 2 / 2010 Science in English Grade 5 Unit 1 The Sun, Earth and Moon By Ms.
Download ReportTranscript Assumption College Primary Section Semester 2 / 2010 Science in English Grade 5 Unit 1 The Sun, Earth and Moon By Ms.
Slide 1
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 2
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 3
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 4
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 5
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 6
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 7
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 8
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 9
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 10
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 11
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 12
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 13
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 14
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 15
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 16
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 17
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 18
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 19
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 20
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 21
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 22
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 23
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 24
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 25
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 26
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 27
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 28
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 29
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 30
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 31
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 32
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 33
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 34
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 35
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 36
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 37
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 38
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 39
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 40
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 41
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 42
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 43
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 44
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 45
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 46
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 47
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 48
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 49
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 50
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 51
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 52
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 2
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 3
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 4
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 5
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 6
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 7
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 8
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 9
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 10
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 11
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 12
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 13
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 14
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 15
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 16
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 17
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 18
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 19
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 20
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 21
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 22
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 23
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 24
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 25
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 26
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 27
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 28
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 29
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 30
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 31
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 32
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 33
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 34
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 35
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 36
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 37
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 38
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 39
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 40
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 41
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 42
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 43
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 44
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 45
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 46
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 47
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 48
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 49
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 50
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 51
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES
Slide 52
Assumption College Primary Section
Semester 2 / 2010
Science in English Grade 5
Unit 1
The Sun, Earth and Moon
By Ms. Pathitta Tangporntirakul
The stars and the Sun
A star is a huge ball of hot
glowing gases, mainly hydrogen
and helium. It gives out heat and light.
The Sun is also a star. It is the star nearest
to us. That is why it appears so big as
compared to the other stars. All stars other
than the Sun appears as twinkling points of
light in the night sky. They cannot be seen
during the day because of the lights of the
Sun.
Without the Sun’s heat and light, the Earth
would have been very cold. There would have been
no life on the Earth.
The Sun weights about 300,000 times more than the
Earth. Its surface temperature is about 6,000° c.
The temperature at its centre is about 15,000,000 ° c.
It is about 4.5 billion (4,500,000,000) years old.
It will continue to give heat and light for another
billion years. After that it will run out of hydrogen
and die.
The planets and the solar system
A planet is a big ball of rocks. It does not give out its
own heat and light. Our Earth is also a planet.
The Earth and seven other planets move around
the Sun. The planets appear bright because they reflect
the light of the Sun. The eight planets, in order of increasing
distances from the Sun are as follows.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
These planets move around the Sun in fixed paths
called orbits. Six of these planets have smaller objects called
moons that move around them.
Our Earth has only one moon.
Mars has two moons.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune have many moons.
Mercury and Venus do not have
any moons.
The Sun, the planets and their moons belong to
a family of objects called the solar system.
Sun - The Sun is a star at the center of our Solar System.
Mercury - Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
Venus - Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the hottest
planet.
Earth - Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the planet we live
on.
Mars - Mars is a red planet and the fourth planet from the Sun.
Jupiter - Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This gas giant is the
largest planet.
Saturn - Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. This gas giant has
large, beautiful rings.
Uranus - Uranus is a gas giant and is the seventh planet from the Sun.
Neptune - Neptune is a gas giant and is usually the eighth planet from
the Sun.
Mercury
Our Fastest Planet
• The closest Planet to the Sun.
• Only a little larger than our
moon.
• It is covered by dust, rocks,
and craters.
• It takes 59 days for it to
rotate once around its axis.
• Mercury can reach a high of
800 degrees and a low of
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Venus
Our Hottest Planet
• It takes longer to rotate once
around its axis than to revolve
once around the sun.
• On Venus a day is slightly more
than a year.
• About the same size as Earth.
• Has mountains, valleys, and
plains.
• The heat is about 450 degrees
Celsius.
• Has no water.
• Life as we know it could not
survive here. Only rocks can
handle the high temperature and
crushing pressure.
Earth
Our Mother Planet
• 70% of its surface is water& the
other 30% is land.
• It’s tilt causes the seasons on
the planet.
• Earth is the only planet in the
universe which is known to
support life.
• Earth is almost five billion years
old.
• The center of the Earth, its core,
is molten.
• Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System known to be
geologically active.
Mars
Our Angry Red Planet
• The largest volcano in the Solar
System is on Mars, called Olympus
Mons.
• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is
caused by the tilt of the planet's
axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of
Earth's axis
• Rocks from Mars have landed on
Earth from meteorite impacts
blasting debris through space.
• The average temperature on Mars
is about -67 °F.
Jupiter
Our Largest Planet
• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300
times!
• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of
gas.
• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great
storm that has raged for at least four
hundred years.
• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly
visible from Earth.
• Jupiter has the strongest pull of
gravity in the Solar System.
• If we were able to stand on the
surface of Jupiter, we would weigh
three times as much as we would on
Earth.
Saturn
Rings of Beauty
• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• The many moons of Saturn are as
different as fire and ice. There are at
least 24 of them.
• Saturn's rings are believed to be the
particles of an old moon orbiting the
planet, smashed apart in a collision
about 50 million years ago. A year on
Saturn would take almost thirty Earth
years.
• Saturn is twice as far away from the
Sun as Jupiter is.
Uranus
• It takes just over 84 years on Earth
for Uranus to orbit the Sun.
• Uranus is the only planet in our
solar system to rotate on its side.
• If we were able to see Uranus'
moons orbiting the planet, they
would go over and under the planet
like lights on a ferris wheel.
• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by
the methane in its atmosphere
which filters out red light.
Neptune
• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun
further away than Pluto making it the
most distant planet in the Solar
System.
• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune
has not yet completed a full orbit. In
fact, it takes 165 years for the planet
to go around the Sun.
• Neptune has the strongest winds in
the Solar System, and a dark spot,
similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Earth is a huge sphere. Its surface is made
up of rocks, soil and water. It is surrounded by a
layer of air called atmosphere.
We live on the outer surface of the Earth, which
is cool and has conditions suitable for life. This
outer surface is called the crust. But the Earth
is not the same deep inside. It is very hot inside.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is made up
of very hot molten rock. In the centre is the
core. It is the hottest part of the earth. It
consists of molten metals.
The Earth has a diameter of
approximately 13,000 km.
Its distance from the Sun is
approximately 150 million
km.
The Earth is unique
because it is the only planet
on which life exists. This is
because the conditions on
the Earth are favourable for
life to exist.
Plants prepare food by
photosynthesis using
materials from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the
air and sunlight.
All other living things
directly or indirectly eat this
food. The materials
necessary for plants to make
food are present on the
Earth.
The Earth is at just the right distance from the
Sun, for it to have the right temperature for life
to survive. The average temperature on the
Earth is 14° c, which is suitable for living things.
If the Earth had been closer to the Sun, like
Mercury or Venus, it would
have been too hot for life
to survive. If it had been
far off, like Jupiter or Saturn,
it would have been too cold.
The Earth is the only planet on which water is
available in liquid form. As you know, water is
essential for living things. In fact life first
emerged on the Earth in water.
The Earth is the only planet
with an atmosphere
containing oxygen, which is
essential for life.
Plants, human and other
land animals get oxygen
from air. Plants and animals
living in water also need
oxygen. They get it from
oxygen dissolved in water.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
Observe a rotating top.
It appears to spin around a line
passing through its centre.
The Earth spins in a similar way, around a line
passing through its centre. This imaginary line
passes through the north and south pole of the
Earth. It is called the axis of rotation.
This spinning movement of the Earth is called
rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes day
And night.
The side of the Earth which faces the
Sun has day. The side which faces away
has night. As the Earth rotates, day and
night follow each other. It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to complete one rotation.
That is why one day and one night are of
24 hours.
The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path
called orbit. This movement of the Earth is called
Revolution. The Earth revolves around the Sun
once in about 365 days or 1 year. This revolution
causes the changing of the seasons.
The Moon is a ball of rocks, about one
quarter the size of the Earth. It is 384,400
km away from the Earth, and is our nearest
neighbor in space. That it why it appears
so big from the Earth. Although the Moon
is the brightest object in the night sky, it
does not give out light of its own.
It reflects the light of the Sun.
There is no life on the Moon. It does not have
any water, and its surface is covered with a
layer of dust. It has mountains and huge round
pits called craters on its surface. The mountains
and craters can be seen from the Earth through
a telescope. There is no atmosphere
surrounding the Moon. So there are no winds,
clouds and rain.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in the
same way as the Earth revolves around the
Sun. It takes 28 days, or nearly a month, to
make one complete revolution around the
Earth. The Moon is the only natural satellite
of the Earth. A satellite of a star or planet is
an object that goes around the star or planet.
Natural satellites of planets are known as
moons.
The Moon, as seen from the Earth, appears to
change its shape everyday – from a thin crescent
to the full moon. This is because we only see the
part of the Moon that reflects the light of the Sun
to us. The rest of the Moon is dark. These
different shapes of the Moon, as seen from the
Earth, are called phases of the moon.
New
Crescent
Half
Gibbous
Full
• When the side of the Moon facing us gets
no sunlight at all, we cannot see the Moon.
We call this a New Moon(day1).
• As the Moon moves along its orbit, a small
portion of the side facing us gets sunlight, and
we can see the Crescent Moon (day3).
• In a week we can see half of the Moon(day7).
• After 3 more days we see three-quarters of
the Moon. This is the Gibbous Moon(day10).
• In two weeks the entire side facing us gets
sunlight. We can then see the Full Moon(day14).
• After this, the phases reverse.
Three Americans,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
and Michael Collins were
the first to visit the Moon in
a spacecraft called Apollo11.
Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin stepped on
The moon on 21 July 1969.
Humans have been successful in placing their
own satellites around the Earth.
These satellites are sent up in rockets.
They revolve around the Earth, and are used
for various purposes. They are know as
artificial satellites.
One of the most important uses of satellites
is communication.
Communication satellites are used to relay
television and radio programs. They are also
used for sending telephone signals to far off
places. Weather satellites are used to forecast
the weather.
Some satellites are used to
photograph the Earth from
above – this gives valuable
information about natural
resources.
Other are used to study
stars and planets.
One such satellites is the
Hubble Telescope, which
is placed 500 km. above
the surface of the Earth.
The first satellite sent up in
space by Thailand was a
communication satellite
Thaicom1. 17 December 1993
GAMES