HOLT The American Nation IN THE MODERN ERA Chapter 17 THE ROAD TO WAR Section 1: The Search for Peace Section 2: Relations with Latin America Section.
Download ReportTranscript HOLT The American Nation IN THE MODERN ERA Chapter 17 THE ROAD TO WAR Section 1: The Search for Peace Section 2: Relations with Latin America Section.
Slide 1
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Chapter 17
THE ROAD TO WAR
Section 1: The Search for Peace
Section 2: Relations with Latin America
Section 3: The Rise of Militarism
Section 4: War Breaks Out
1
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 2
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 1: The Search for Peace
Objectives:
What foreign policy did the United States follow
after World War I?
What were the major postwar peace initiatives?
How did war debts and reparations affect
European nations after World War I?
2
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 3
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 1: The Search for Peace
U.S. foreign policy after World War I
The U.S. followed a policy of partial isolationism,
declining membership in the League of Nations and
the World Court.
3
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 4
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 1: The Search for Peace
Major postwar peace initiatives
The Five-Power Naval Treaty limited nations’
naval strength.
The Four-Power Treaty guaranteed respect for
nations’ territorial possessions in the Pacific.
The Nine-Power Treaty guaranteed China’s
territorial integrity.
The Kellogg-Briand Pact outlawed war.
4
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 5
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 1: The Search for Peace
Effects of war debts and reparations
Britain, France, and Italy were in debt to the U.S.,
so they demanded reparations from Germany to
help them pay.
Germany was forced to borrow money from
Britain and to print paper money.
Germany suffered hyperinflation, which led to a
severe economic downturn.
German bitterness grew.
5
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 6
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 2: Relations with Latin America
Objectives:
What role did the United States play in Nicaraguan
politics?
How did U.S. relations with Latin America change in
the 1930s?
How did the Great Depression affect Latin American
countries?
6
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 7
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 2: Relations with Latin America
U.S. and Nicaragua
1926: the U.S. invaded Nicaragua to protect
commercial interests.
1927: Stimson helped negotiate an end to civil
war in Nicaragua; U.S. trained the Nicaraguan
National Guard.
1926-1933: U.S. troops fought Sandino’s forces.
1933: U.S. withdrew.
1936 on: U.S. backed the Somoza regime.
7
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 8
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 2: Relations with Latin America
Changes in U.S. relationship with
Latin America
U.S. established the Good Neighbor policy.
U.S. canceled the Platt Amendment (right to intervene in
Cuban affairs).
U.S. gave up its right to intervene unilaterally in Panama.
U.S. withdrew troops from Haiti.
U.S. did not intervene when Mexico chose to nationalize
its oil industry.
8
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 9
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 2: Relations with Latin America
The Great Depression in Latin America
Crop prices decreased, wages dropped,
unemployment grew.
The gulf between the rich and the poor grew.
Caudillos took power in many countries.
9
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 10
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: The Rise of Militarism
Objectives:
How did Benito Mussolini create a fascist state
in Italy?
How did Joseph Stalin maintain power in the
Soviet Union?
How did Adolf Hitler rise to power in Germany?
What caused the Spanish Civil War?
What actions did Japan’s military take during the
1930s?
10
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 11
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: The Rise of Militarism
Mussolini in Italy
led Fascists to power against Communists
used Blackshirts to occupy Rome, with support of
nationalists and industrialists
got appointed prime minister and given dictatorial
powers
limited freedom of speech and voting rights
arrested opponents
11
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 12
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: The Rise of Militarism
Stalin in the Soviet Union
seized private land and collectivized agriculture
sent opponents to forced labor camps
used police and army to suppress dissent
purged the party and the army of opposition
12
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 13
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: The Rise of Militarism
Hitler in Germany
Hitler won support by blaming Jews, Communists,
and intellectuals for Germany’s decline.
In 1932, 40 percent of the vote in national
elections went to the Nazi Party.
Hitler was appointed chancellor and claimed
dictatorial powers.
Hitler crushed political opposition.
13
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 14
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: The Rise of Militarism
Causes of the Spanish Civil War
In 1931, Spain adopted a new constitution limiting the
power of the military and of the Catholic Church.
The new constitution called for universal suffrage,
nationalization of public utilities, and land for peasants.
Conservative military men felt threatened by the populist
reforms.
In 1936, Fascist army officers led by Franco began to try to
overthrow the government.
14
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 15
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Japan’s military during the 1930s
built up naval forces in violation of Washington
Conference pledges
invaded Manchuria
clashed with Chinese troops near Beijing
occupied northern China
launched bombing raids against Chinese cities
occupied Nanjing
15
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 16
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 4: War Breaks Out
Objectives:
What was the international response to fascism?
What were the early events of World War II?
Why did tension between the United States and
Germany increase?
Why did Japan bomb Pearl Harbor?
16
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 17
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 4: War Breaks Out
International response to fascism
U.S. Congress passed neutrality laws.
European leaders adopted a policy of
appeasement, but also sped up rearmament.
The U.S. recognized the Soviet Union.
17
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 18
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 4: War Breaks Out
Early events of World War II
1939: Hitler occupied Czechoslovakia and signed a
nonaggression pact with Stalin.
1939: Germany invaded Poland and France and Britain
declared war.
1940: Germany occupied Belgium, Denmark, northern France,
Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Norway.
1940: British citizens rescued the British army from Dunkirk,
and Germany established a puppet government in France.
18
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 19
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 4: War Breaks Out
Reasons for climbing tensions between
U.S. and Germany
increasing U.S. aid to allies
German submarine attacks
Roosevelt’s “shoot-on-sight” orders
19
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 20
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 4: War Breaks Out
Reasons for Japan’s bombing of
Pearl Harbor
freezing of all Japanese assets in the U.S
embargo on American shipments of gasoline,
machine tools, scrap iron, and steel to Japan
20
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Chapter 17
THE ROAD TO WAR
Section 1: The Search for Peace
Section 2: Relations with Latin America
Section 3: The Rise of Militarism
Section 4: War Breaks Out
1
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 2
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 1: The Search for Peace
Objectives:
What foreign policy did the United States follow
after World War I?
What were the major postwar peace initiatives?
How did war debts and reparations affect
European nations after World War I?
2
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 3
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 1: The Search for Peace
U.S. foreign policy after World War I
The U.S. followed a policy of partial isolationism,
declining membership in the League of Nations and
the World Court.
3
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 4
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 1: The Search for Peace
Major postwar peace initiatives
The Five-Power Naval Treaty limited nations’
naval strength.
The Four-Power Treaty guaranteed respect for
nations’ territorial possessions in the Pacific.
The Nine-Power Treaty guaranteed China’s
territorial integrity.
The Kellogg-Briand Pact outlawed war.
4
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 5
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 1: The Search for Peace
Effects of war debts and reparations
Britain, France, and Italy were in debt to the U.S.,
so they demanded reparations from Germany to
help them pay.
Germany was forced to borrow money from
Britain and to print paper money.
Germany suffered hyperinflation, which led to a
severe economic downturn.
German bitterness grew.
5
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 6
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 2: Relations with Latin America
Objectives:
What role did the United States play in Nicaraguan
politics?
How did U.S. relations with Latin America change in
the 1930s?
How did the Great Depression affect Latin American
countries?
6
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 7
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 2: Relations with Latin America
U.S. and Nicaragua
1926: the U.S. invaded Nicaragua to protect
commercial interests.
1927: Stimson helped negotiate an end to civil
war in Nicaragua; U.S. trained the Nicaraguan
National Guard.
1926-1933: U.S. troops fought Sandino’s forces.
1933: U.S. withdrew.
1936 on: U.S. backed the Somoza regime.
7
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 8
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 2: Relations with Latin America
Changes in U.S. relationship with
Latin America
U.S. established the Good Neighbor policy.
U.S. canceled the Platt Amendment (right to intervene in
Cuban affairs).
U.S. gave up its right to intervene unilaterally in Panama.
U.S. withdrew troops from Haiti.
U.S. did not intervene when Mexico chose to nationalize
its oil industry.
8
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 9
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 2: Relations with Latin America
The Great Depression in Latin America
Crop prices decreased, wages dropped,
unemployment grew.
The gulf between the rich and the poor grew.
Caudillos took power in many countries.
9
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 10
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: The Rise of Militarism
Objectives:
How did Benito Mussolini create a fascist state
in Italy?
How did Joseph Stalin maintain power in the
Soviet Union?
How did Adolf Hitler rise to power in Germany?
What caused the Spanish Civil War?
What actions did Japan’s military take during the
1930s?
10
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 11
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: The Rise of Militarism
Mussolini in Italy
led Fascists to power against Communists
used Blackshirts to occupy Rome, with support of
nationalists and industrialists
got appointed prime minister and given dictatorial
powers
limited freedom of speech and voting rights
arrested opponents
11
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 12
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: The Rise of Militarism
Stalin in the Soviet Union
seized private land and collectivized agriculture
sent opponents to forced labor camps
used police and army to suppress dissent
purged the party and the army of opposition
12
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 13
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: The Rise of Militarism
Hitler in Germany
Hitler won support by blaming Jews, Communists,
and intellectuals for Germany’s decline.
In 1932, 40 percent of the vote in national
elections went to the Nazi Party.
Hitler was appointed chancellor and claimed
dictatorial powers.
Hitler crushed political opposition.
13
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 14
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: The Rise of Militarism
Causes of the Spanish Civil War
In 1931, Spain adopted a new constitution limiting the
power of the military and of the Catholic Church.
The new constitution called for universal suffrage,
nationalization of public utilities, and land for peasants.
Conservative military men felt threatened by the populist
reforms.
In 1936, Fascist army officers led by Franco began to try to
overthrow the government.
14
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 15
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Japan’s military during the 1930s
built up naval forces in violation of Washington
Conference pledges
invaded Manchuria
clashed with Chinese troops near Beijing
occupied northern China
launched bombing raids against Chinese cities
occupied Nanjing
15
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 16
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 4: War Breaks Out
Objectives:
What was the international response to fascism?
What were the early events of World War II?
Why did tension between the United States and
Germany increase?
Why did Japan bomb Pearl Harbor?
16
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 17
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 4: War Breaks Out
International response to fascism
U.S. Congress passed neutrality laws.
European leaders adopted a policy of
appeasement, but also sped up rearmament.
The U.S. recognized the Soviet Union.
17
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 18
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 4: War Breaks Out
Early events of World War II
1939: Hitler occupied Czechoslovakia and signed a
nonaggression pact with Stalin.
1939: Germany invaded Poland and France and Britain
declared war.
1940: Germany occupied Belgium, Denmark, northern France,
Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Norway.
1940: British citizens rescued the British army from Dunkirk,
and Germany established a puppet government in France.
18
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 19
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 4: War Breaks Out
Reasons for climbing tensions between
U.S. and Germany
increasing U.S. aid to allies
German submarine attacks
Roosevelt’s “shoot-on-sight” orders
19
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 20
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 4: War Breaks Out
Reasons for Japan’s bombing of
Pearl Harbor
freezing of all Japanese assets in the U.S
embargo on American shipments of gasoline,
machine tools, scrap iron, and steel to Japan
20
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON