ROAD SCHOLARS 2014 EVENT OVERVIEW PRESENTED BY: MARK A. VANHECKE NATIONAL SCIENCE OLYMPIAD EARTH-SPACE SCIENCE EVENT CHAIR NSO ROAD SCHOLARS EVENT SUPERVISOR 1999/2000 [email protected].
Download ReportTranscript ROAD SCHOLARS 2014 EVENT OVERVIEW PRESENTED BY: MARK A. VANHECKE NATIONAL SCIENCE OLYMPIAD EARTH-SPACE SCIENCE EVENT CHAIR NSO ROAD SCHOLARS EVENT SUPERVISOR 1999/2000 [email protected].
Slide 1
ROAD SCHOLARS
2014 EVENT OVERVIEW
Slide 2
PRESENTED BY:
MARK A. VANHECKE
NATIONAL SCIENCE OLYMPIAD
EARTH-SPACE SCIENCE EVENT CHAIR
NSO ROAD SCHOLARS EVENT SUPERVISOR 1999/2000
[email protected]
Slide 3
PRESENTATION OBJECTIVES:
Provide participants with an overview of
the 2014 Road Scholars Event
Identify the basic features of
topographic maps
Describe how contour lines are created
and used in USGS topographic maps
Use contour lines to create basic and
advanced map profiles
Slide 4
2014 ROAD SCHOLARS
WHAT IS A
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP?
Slide 5
ACTIVITY 1:
Basic Map Features
In this activity, you will create a map of a cookie
Slide 6
ACTIVITY 1:
Creating a Topographic Profile of a Cookie
In so doing, you will do the following:
Identify the basic features of a
map
Create and use a coordinate
system to locate objects on the
map
Determine the map scale
Create a simple
topographic profile
Slide 7
BASIC MAP FEATURES
Place your cookie in the center of the grid shown on the ‘Creating a
Cookie Profile’ Worksheet.
Slide 8
BASIC MAP FEATURES
Trace the outline of your cookie on the profile sheet. When you finish
tracing the outline, remove your cookie and place it on a napkin
directly above the Worksheet.
Slide 9
BASIC MAP FEATURES
Determine the cardinal directions for your map (North/East/South/West)
and fill in the Compass Rose (four arrows) at the bottom right of the
Worksheet.
N
W
E
S
Slide 10
BASIC MAP FEATURES
Your compass rose should look something like this.
N
W
E
S
Slide 11
BASIC MAP FEATURES
Identify the height and width of your cookie in squares. How many
squares tall is your cookie from North to South? How many squares of
the grid does it cover at its widest point from West to East?
H= 12.75 Squares
W= 12.75 Squares
N
W
E
S
Slide 12
BASIC MAP FEATURES
Identify places on the cookie where the surface material is different
(chocolate chips). Use the squares on the map to help you place
objects into your map-find the approximate square on the grid and draw
in the chocolate chip. Shade or color in the chips.
Slide 13
BASIC MAP FEATURES
Create a legend for your map indicating what the chocolate chips
represent (lakes, ponds, ore deposits, etc.)
Slide 14
BASIC MAP FEATURES
Determine the map scale (number of miles/kilometers, etc. one square
is equal to)
20
Slide 15
BASIC MAP FEATURES
Title your map using a name that indicates the location and type of
features shown in the map.
Island
20
Slide 16
ISLAND
TITLE
DETAIL
AREA
20
ORIENTATION
Slide 17
ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF A MAP
TITLE
ORIENTATION
AREA
DETAIL
Slide 18
2014 ROAD SCHOLARS
CONTOUR LINES
Slide 19
CONTOUR LINES
Control points are positions on Earth’s surface and
represented on a map from which measurements
are made.
Slide 20
CONTOUR LINES
Benchmarks (BM) are locations where horizontal
position and elevation have been accurately
surveyed.
Slide 21
CONTOUR LINES
Horizontal control benchmarks on USGS
topographic maps are locations where the
geographic coordinates are certain.
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 7
Slide 22
CONTOUR LINES
Vertical control benchmarks on USGS topographic
maps indicate the elevation of that control point with
respect to sea level.
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 5
Slide 23
CONTOUR LINES
Spot elevations- the height of identifiable features
such as mountain summits, road intersections and
surfaces of lakes may also be shown on maps.
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 3
Slide 24
CONTOUR LINES
On topographic maps, a contour line is a line
representing constant elevation
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 5
Slide 25
CONTOUR LINES
Contour lines never intersect
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 6
Slide 26
CONTOUR LINES
Thick contour lines are called Index contours.
Index contours are labeled with a number
revealing the elevation of points along the
line.
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 6
Slide 27
CONTOUR LINES
Thinner, unmarked contour lines are interval
lines.
Interval lines are used to calculate changes in
elevation using the map’s contour interval
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 6
Slide 28
CONTOUR LINES
Contour lines are separated by a constant
specified distance- the contour interval
Slide 29
CONTOUR LINES
Points lying between contour lines are interpolated
to determine elevation
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 6
Slide 30
CONTOUR LINES
Evenly spaced contours form a uniform slope
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 4
Slide 31
CONTOUR LINES
Widely spaced contours indicate a gentle slope
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 5
Slide 32
CONTOUR LINES
Contour lines that are close together indicate
a steep slope, a wall or cliff.
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 2
Slide 33
CONTOUR LINES
Jagged, rough contour lines indicate large
outcrops of rock, cliffs and areas of fracture
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 1
Slide 34
CONTOUR LINES
V-shaped contours indicate stream beds and
narrow valleys.
The point of the ‘V’ points uphill or
downstream
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 1
Slide 35
CONTOUR LINES
U-shaped contours indicate ridges
The bottom of the ‘V’ points down the ridge
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 2
Slide 36
CONTOUR LINES
A ‘saddle’ is a ridge between two hills or summits
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 1
Slide 37
CONTOUR LINES
‘M’ or ‘W’ shaped contours indicate a location
upstream from stream junctions.
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 2
Slide 38
ACTIVITY 2:
Creating a Topographic Profile of a Cookie
In this activity, you will create a topographic profile
of a cookie
Slide 39
CREATING A TOPOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF A COOKIE
Return to your Cookie Map
Slide 40
CREATING A TOPOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF A COOKIE
Examine your cookie and
identify ‘changes’ in elevation on
its surface.
Take some time to really look at
it and get the lay of the land
Slide 41
CREATING A TOPOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF A COOKIE
Place tiny dots on the cookie map that indicate
a constant elevation and draw lines to connect
these points of constant elevation.
Slide 42
Island
20
Slide 43
2014 ROAD SCHOLARS
DRAWING
A TOPOGRAPHIC MAP PROFILE
Slide 44
Slide 45
Slide 46
Slide 47
COOKIE PROFILE GRAPH
Slide 48
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP PROFILES
Use the USGS Gosford, California Quadrangle to locate Fraser Road
in the upper third of Sector 5
Slide 49
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP PROFILES
Take a strip of paper as shown below and mark off where it intersects
each contour line.
Slide 50
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP PROFILES
Take a strip of paper as shown below and mark off where it intersects
each contour line.
375
375 370 370
375
376
Slide 51
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP PROFILES
Create a graph as shown below ranging approximately from
the lowest elevation to the highest elevation
Slide 52
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP PROFILES
Place the strip below the graph and mark off the first elevation
373’ at zero.
X X X
X
X
X X
375
375 370 370
375
376
Slide 53
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP PROFILES
Connect the points to create the profile
Slide 54
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP PROFILES
On the Hotchkiss, Colorado Quadrangle, complete a profile for
the location shown in the upper right of Sector 4
A
B
Slide 55
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP PROFILES
Connect the points to create the profile
Slide 56
2014 ROAD SCHOLARS
RESOURCES
Slide 57
RESOURCES
Topographic Maps included on the CD
include:
Hotchkiss, Colorado
Gosford, California
You can find and download other
USGS Topographic Maps at
http://store.usgs.gov/b2c_usgs/usgs/m
aplocator/(xcm=r3standardpitrex_prd&l
ayout=6_1_61_50_2&uiarea=2&ctype=
areaDetails&carea=0000000009)/.do
ROAD SCHOLARS
2014 EVENT OVERVIEW
Slide 2
PRESENTED BY:
MARK A. VANHECKE
NATIONAL SCIENCE OLYMPIAD
EARTH-SPACE SCIENCE EVENT CHAIR
NSO ROAD SCHOLARS EVENT SUPERVISOR 1999/2000
[email protected]
Slide 3
PRESENTATION OBJECTIVES:
Provide participants with an overview of
the 2014 Road Scholars Event
Identify the basic features of
topographic maps
Describe how contour lines are created
and used in USGS topographic maps
Use contour lines to create basic and
advanced map profiles
Slide 4
2014 ROAD SCHOLARS
WHAT IS A
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP?
Slide 5
ACTIVITY 1:
Basic Map Features
In this activity, you will create a map of a cookie
Slide 6
ACTIVITY 1:
Creating a Topographic Profile of a Cookie
In so doing, you will do the following:
Identify the basic features of a
map
Create and use a coordinate
system to locate objects on the
map
Determine the map scale
Create a simple
topographic profile
Slide 7
BASIC MAP FEATURES
Place your cookie in the center of the grid shown on the ‘Creating a
Cookie Profile’ Worksheet.
Slide 8
BASIC MAP FEATURES
Trace the outline of your cookie on the profile sheet. When you finish
tracing the outline, remove your cookie and place it on a napkin
directly above the Worksheet.
Slide 9
BASIC MAP FEATURES
Determine the cardinal directions for your map (North/East/South/West)
and fill in the Compass Rose (four arrows) at the bottom right of the
Worksheet.
N
W
E
S
Slide 10
BASIC MAP FEATURES
Your compass rose should look something like this.
N
W
E
S
Slide 11
BASIC MAP FEATURES
Identify the height and width of your cookie in squares. How many
squares tall is your cookie from North to South? How many squares of
the grid does it cover at its widest point from West to East?
H= 12.75 Squares
W= 12.75 Squares
N
W
E
S
Slide 12
BASIC MAP FEATURES
Identify places on the cookie where the surface material is different
(chocolate chips). Use the squares on the map to help you place
objects into your map-find the approximate square on the grid and draw
in the chocolate chip. Shade or color in the chips.
Slide 13
BASIC MAP FEATURES
Create a legend for your map indicating what the chocolate chips
represent (lakes, ponds, ore deposits, etc.)
Slide 14
BASIC MAP FEATURES
Determine the map scale (number of miles/kilometers, etc. one square
is equal to)
20
Slide 15
BASIC MAP FEATURES
Title your map using a name that indicates the location and type of
features shown in the map.
Island
20
Slide 16
ISLAND
TITLE
DETAIL
AREA
20
ORIENTATION
Slide 17
ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF A MAP
TITLE
ORIENTATION
AREA
DETAIL
Slide 18
2014 ROAD SCHOLARS
CONTOUR LINES
Slide 19
CONTOUR LINES
Control points are positions on Earth’s surface and
represented on a map from which measurements
are made.
Slide 20
CONTOUR LINES
Benchmarks (BM) are locations where horizontal
position and elevation have been accurately
surveyed.
Slide 21
CONTOUR LINES
Horizontal control benchmarks on USGS
topographic maps are locations where the
geographic coordinates are certain.
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 7
Slide 22
CONTOUR LINES
Vertical control benchmarks on USGS topographic
maps indicate the elevation of that control point with
respect to sea level.
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 5
Slide 23
CONTOUR LINES
Spot elevations- the height of identifiable features
such as mountain summits, road intersections and
surfaces of lakes may also be shown on maps.
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 3
Slide 24
CONTOUR LINES
On topographic maps, a contour line is a line
representing constant elevation
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 5
Slide 25
CONTOUR LINES
Contour lines never intersect
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 6
Slide 26
CONTOUR LINES
Thick contour lines are called Index contours.
Index contours are labeled with a number
revealing the elevation of points along the
line.
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 6
Slide 27
CONTOUR LINES
Thinner, unmarked contour lines are interval
lines.
Interval lines are used to calculate changes in
elevation using the map’s contour interval
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 6
Slide 28
CONTOUR LINES
Contour lines are separated by a constant
specified distance- the contour interval
Slide 29
CONTOUR LINES
Points lying between contour lines are interpolated
to determine elevation
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 6
Slide 30
CONTOUR LINES
Evenly spaced contours form a uniform slope
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 4
Slide 31
CONTOUR LINES
Widely spaced contours indicate a gentle slope
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 5
Slide 32
CONTOUR LINES
Contour lines that are close together indicate
a steep slope, a wall or cliff.
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 2
Slide 33
CONTOUR LINES
Jagged, rough contour lines indicate large
outcrops of rock, cliffs and areas of fracture
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 1
Slide 34
CONTOUR LINES
V-shaped contours indicate stream beds and
narrow valleys.
The point of the ‘V’ points uphill or
downstream
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 1
Slide 35
CONTOUR LINES
U-shaped contours indicate ridges
The bottom of the ‘V’ points down the ridge
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 2
Slide 36
CONTOUR LINES
A ‘saddle’ is a ridge between two hills or summits
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 1
Slide 37
CONTOUR LINES
‘M’ or ‘W’ shaped contours indicate a location
upstream from stream junctions.
Hotchkiss, CO
Sector 2
Slide 38
ACTIVITY 2:
Creating a Topographic Profile of a Cookie
In this activity, you will create a topographic profile
of a cookie
Slide 39
CREATING A TOPOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF A COOKIE
Return to your Cookie Map
Slide 40
CREATING A TOPOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF A COOKIE
Examine your cookie and
identify ‘changes’ in elevation on
its surface.
Take some time to really look at
it and get the lay of the land
Slide 41
CREATING A TOPOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF A COOKIE
Place tiny dots on the cookie map that indicate
a constant elevation and draw lines to connect
these points of constant elevation.
Slide 42
Island
20
Slide 43
2014 ROAD SCHOLARS
DRAWING
A TOPOGRAPHIC MAP PROFILE
Slide 44
Slide 45
Slide 46
Slide 47
COOKIE PROFILE GRAPH
Slide 48
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP PROFILES
Use the USGS Gosford, California Quadrangle to locate Fraser Road
in the upper third of Sector 5
Slide 49
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP PROFILES
Take a strip of paper as shown below and mark off where it intersects
each contour line.
Slide 50
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP PROFILES
Take a strip of paper as shown below and mark off where it intersects
each contour line.
375
375 370 370
375
376
Slide 51
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP PROFILES
Create a graph as shown below ranging approximately from
the lowest elevation to the highest elevation
Slide 52
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP PROFILES
Place the strip below the graph and mark off the first elevation
373’ at zero.
X X X
X
X
X X
375
375 370 370
375
376
Slide 53
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP PROFILES
Connect the points to create the profile
Slide 54
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP PROFILES
On the Hotchkiss, Colorado Quadrangle, complete a profile for
the location shown in the upper right of Sector 4
A
B
Slide 55
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP PROFILES
Connect the points to create the profile
Slide 56
2014 ROAD SCHOLARS
RESOURCES
Slide 57
RESOURCES
Topographic Maps included on the CD
include:
Hotchkiss, Colorado
Gosford, California
You can find and download other
USGS Topographic Maps at
http://store.usgs.gov/b2c_usgs/usgs/m
aplocator/(xcm=r3standardpitrex_prd&l
ayout=6_1_61_50_2&uiarea=2&ctype=
areaDetails&carea=0000000009)/.do