Transcript Iron Age central and northern Europe: Hallstatt, La Tène and the Celts.
Slide 1
Iron Age central and northern
Europe:
Hallstatt, La Tène and the Celts
Slide 2
Sites
Some sites are:
■La Tène, Marin-Epagnier
■Bern, Engehalbinsel: oppidum
■Jolimont
■Manching: oppidum
■Mormont
■Münsingen, burial field
■Petinesca
■Basel oppidum
■Bibracte, oppidum of the Aedui at Mont Beuvray in Burgundy
■Erstfeld hoard
■Hochdorf Chieftain's Grave
■Bopfingen: Viereckschanze, a characteristic rectangular enclosure
■Fellbach-Schmiden, near Stuttgart: Viereckschanze; ritual objects recovered from a well
■Kleinaspergle: elite graves of La Tène I
■Waldalgesheim: an elite chariot burial, 4th century
■Glauberg, oppidum and elite graves
■Dürrnberg near Hallein: Burial field and earthworks of late Hallstatt–early La Tène
■Donnersberg: oppidum
■Vill near Innsbruck: remains of dwellings
■Sandberg Celtic city near Platt and Roseldorf in Lower Austria
■Vix/Mont Lassois: oppidum and elaborate graves
■Titelberg: oppidum in Luxembourg
■Reinheim: Tomb of a princess/priestess with burial gifts
[edit]
Slide 3
Artifacts
Vix krater
Some outstanding La Tène artifacts are:
■"Strettweg Cart" (7th century BCE), found in southeast Austria, a four-wheeled cart with a goddess, riders
with axes and shields, attendants and stags. (Landesmuseum Johanneum, Graz, Austria)
■A woman in Vix (Châtillon-sur-Seine, Burgundy) buried with a 1100 litre (290 gallon) bronze Greek vase, the
largest ever found.
■The silver "Gundestrup cauldron" (3rd or 2nd century BCE), found ritually broken in a peat bog near
Gundestrup, Denmark, but probably made near the Black Sea, perhaps in Thrace. (National Museum of
Denmark, Copenhagen)
■"Battersea Shield" (350-50 BCE), found in the Thames, made of bronze with red enamel. (British Museum,
London)
■"Witham Shield" (4th century BCE). (British Museum, London) [1] [2]
■"Chertsey Shield (400-200 BCE). (British Museum, London) [3]
■"Turoe stone" in Galway, Ireland
■Chariot burial found at Waldalgesheim, Bad Kreuznach, Germany, late 4th century BCE. (Bonn: Rheinisches
Landesmuseum)
■Chariot burial found at La Gorge Meillet (St-Germain-en-Laye: Musée des Antiquités Nationales).
■A life-sized sculpture of a warrior that accompanied the Glauberg burials.
■A gold-and-bronze model of an oak tree (3rd century BCE) found at the Oppidum of Manching.
■Noric steel
[edit]
Notes
Slide 4
Halstatt Culture
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Hallstatt_culture.png
Slide 5
Lake Hallstatt
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1053_-_Hallstätter_See.JPG
Slide 6
Drawing of Hallstatt grave goods
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hallstatt_culture_ramsauer.jpg
Slide 7
Hallstatt bronze ‘tool’
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Rasoir_Acy-Romance.jpg
Slide 8
Hallstatt amber necklace
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Magdalenenberg_collier.jpg
Slide 9
Hallstatt and La Tene cultures
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hallstatt.png
Slide 10
Hallstatt (yellow) and
later La Tène (green) cultures
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hallstatt_LaTene.png
Slide 11
Glauberg
Archaeological site of Glauberg
Slide 12
Reconstructed mound 1 at Glauberg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Glauberg_mound1.JPG
Slide 13
The site and associated burials
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Glauberg_plan.jpg
Slide 14
Approach to the mound
http://www.keltenfuerst.de/index_1.htm
Slide 15
Processional route (10m wide)
http://www.keltenfuerst.de/index_1.htm
Slide 16
Reconstruction of the mound and route
http://www.keltenfuerst.de/index_1.htm
Slide 17
Offerings in grave 1
http://www.keltenfuerst.de/index_1.htm
Slide 18
Cremation in grave 2
http://www.keltenfuerst.de/index_1.htm
Slide 19
‘Celtic prince of Glauberg’
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Keltenfürst_Glauberg.jpg
Slide 20
‘Glauberg Prince’ (186cm)
http://www.keltenfuerst.de/index_1.htm
Slide 21
Hochdorf
Sites with rich burials
http://www.gzg.fn.bw.schule.de/heunebg/vix/vixfr.htm#Krater
Slide 22
Hochdorf mound
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Keltengrabhuegel_Hochdorf.jpg
Slide 23
The burial mound
http://home.bawue.de/~wmwerner/hochdorf/ho_hgl.jpg
Slide 24
How it looked before the burial with workshops
http://home.bawue.de/~wmwerner/hochdorf/h_grh1.gif
Slide 25
The timber and log chamber
http://home.bawue.de/~wmwerner/hochdorf/h_grh4.gif
Slide 26
Reconstruction of the grave and its contents
http://home.bawue.de/~wmwerner/hochdorf/h_grh6.gif
Slide 27
The wagon
http://home.bawue.de/~wmwerner/hochdorf/wagen_f.html
Slide 28
drinking horns hang on the wall
Reconstruction of grave of Hochdorf chieftan
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hochdorf_keltenmuseum0815.jpg
Slide 29
Gold decoration of his shoes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hochdorf_golden_shoes_ornaments.jpg
Slide 30
His dagger with gold foil sheath
File:Hochdorf dagger with gold foil.jpg
Slide 31
Drinking horn with gold decoration
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hochdorf_drinking_horn.jpg
Slide 32
Sites of rich burials
www2.iath.virginia.edu/.../ Vix/Vix_main.html
Slide 33
Copy of Hirschlanden warrior
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mann_Von_Hirschlanden.jpg
Slide 34
Glauberg
Stuttgart
Archaeological sites around Stuttgart
Slide 35
‘Lindele stele’ (123cm)
http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/Barbarians/Sites/Hirschlanden/Hirschlanden_main.html
Slide 36
Statue (162cm) from Stammheim
http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/Barbarians/Sites/Hirschlanden/Hirschlanden_main.html
Slide 37
http://aal.au.dk/fileadmin/www.aal.au.dk/globalisering/nyheder_og_stillinger/papers___documents/osen.pdf
Slide 38
Lake Neuchatel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lac_de_neuchatel.jpg
Slide 39
The archaeological site
http://www.edunet.ch/classes/marin/la_tene.htm
Slide 40
Hallstatt (yellow) and Celtic (green)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Celts_in_Europe.png
Slide 41
Sites with rich burials
http://www.gzg.fn.bw.schule.de/heunebg/vix/vixfr.htm#Krater
Slide 42
Mont Lassois where Vix Crater was found
http://www.gzg.fn.bw.schule.de/heunebg/vix/bilder/lassois2.jpg
Slide 43
Trade routes by land, sea and river
http://www.tresordevix.org/history_en.html
Slide 44
Sites near Vix with rich burials
http://www.gzg.fn.bw.schule.de/heunebg/vix/vixfr.htm#Situation%20g%E9ographique
Slide 45
Plan of the site with a large building ‘palace’
http://www2.cnrs.fr/presse/communique/1160.htm
Slide 46
Vix crater
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cratère_de_Vix_0023.jpg
Slide 47
Reconstruction of the ‘princess’ tomb’
http://www.gzg.fn.bw.schule.de/heunebg/vix/bilder/grab.jpg
Slide 48
Vix chariot
http://www.gzg.fn.bw.schule.de/heunebg/vix/bilder/karre.jpg
Slide 49
Her gold torque
http://www.gzg.fn.bw.schule.de/heunebg/vix/bilder/torque2.jpg
Slide 50
Detail of the torque: winged Pegasus
http://www.gzg.fn.bw.schule.de/heunebg/vix/bilder/torque1.jpg
Slide 51
Gold fibulae
http://home.bawue.de/~wmwerner/hochdorf/h_fibel1.jpg
Slide 52
Cup made in Athens found in the grave
http://www.gzg.fn.bw.schule.de/heunebg/vix/bilder/schale2.jpg
Slide 53
Celts
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Celts_in_Europe.png
Iron Age central and northern
Europe:
Hallstatt, La Tène and the Celts
Slide 2
Sites
Some sites are:
■La Tène, Marin-Epagnier
■Bern, Engehalbinsel: oppidum
■Jolimont
■Manching: oppidum
■Mormont
■Münsingen, burial field
■Petinesca
■Basel oppidum
■Bibracte, oppidum of the Aedui at Mont Beuvray in Burgundy
■Erstfeld hoard
■Hochdorf Chieftain's Grave
■Bopfingen: Viereckschanze, a characteristic rectangular enclosure
■Fellbach-Schmiden, near Stuttgart: Viereckschanze; ritual objects recovered from a well
■Kleinaspergle: elite graves of La Tène I
■Waldalgesheim: an elite chariot burial, 4th century
■Glauberg, oppidum and elite graves
■Dürrnberg near Hallein: Burial field and earthworks of late Hallstatt–early La Tène
■Donnersberg: oppidum
■Vill near Innsbruck: remains of dwellings
■Sandberg Celtic city near Platt and Roseldorf in Lower Austria
■Vix/Mont Lassois: oppidum and elaborate graves
■Titelberg: oppidum in Luxembourg
■Reinheim: Tomb of a princess/priestess with burial gifts
[edit]
Slide 3
Artifacts
Vix krater
Some outstanding La Tène artifacts are:
■"Strettweg Cart" (7th century BCE), found in southeast Austria, a four-wheeled cart with a goddess, riders
with axes and shields, attendants and stags. (Landesmuseum Johanneum, Graz, Austria)
■A woman in Vix (Châtillon-sur-Seine, Burgundy) buried with a 1100 litre (290 gallon) bronze Greek vase, the
largest ever found.
■The silver "Gundestrup cauldron" (3rd or 2nd century BCE), found ritually broken in a peat bog near
Gundestrup, Denmark, but probably made near the Black Sea, perhaps in Thrace. (National Museum of
Denmark, Copenhagen)
■"Battersea Shield" (350-50 BCE), found in the Thames, made of bronze with red enamel. (British Museum,
London)
■"Witham Shield" (4th century BCE). (British Museum, London) [1] [2]
■"Chertsey Shield (400-200 BCE). (British Museum, London) [3]
■"Turoe stone" in Galway, Ireland
■Chariot burial found at Waldalgesheim, Bad Kreuznach, Germany, late 4th century BCE. (Bonn: Rheinisches
Landesmuseum)
■Chariot burial found at La Gorge Meillet (St-Germain-en-Laye: Musée des Antiquités Nationales).
■A life-sized sculpture of a warrior that accompanied the Glauberg burials.
■A gold-and-bronze model of an oak tree (3rd century BCE) found at the Oppidum of Manching.
■Noric steel
[edit]
Notes
Slide 4
Halstatt Culture
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Hallstatt_culture.png
Slide 5
Lake Hallstatt
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1053_-_Hallstätter_See.JPG
Slide 6
Drawing of Hallstatt grave goods
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hallstatt_culture_ramsauer.jpg
Slide 7
Hallstatt bronze ‘tool’
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Rasoir_Acy-Romance.jpg
Slide 8
Hallstatt amber necklace
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Magdalenenberg_collier.jpg
Slide 9
Hallstatt and La Tene cultures
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hallstatt.png
Slide 10
Hallstatt (yellow) and
later La Tène (green) cultures
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hallstatt_LaTene.png
Slide 11
Glauberg
Archaeological site of Glauberg
Slide 12
Reconstructed mound 1 at Glauberg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Glauberg_mound1.JPG
Slide 13
The site and associated burials
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Glauberg_plan.jpg
Slide 14
Approach to the mound
http://www.keltenfuerst.de/index_1.htm
Slide 15
Processional route (10m wide)
http://www.keltenfuerst.de/index_1.htm
Slide 16
Reconstruction of the mound and route
http://www.keltenfuerst.de/index_1.htm
Slide 17
Offerings in grave 1
http://www.keltenfuerst.de/index_1.htm
Slide 18
Cremation in grave 2
http://www.keltenfuerst.de/index_1.htm
Slide 19
‘Celtic prince of Glauberg’
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Keltenfürst_Glauberg.jpg
Slide 20
‘Glauberg Prince’ (186cm)
http://www.keltenfuerst.de/index_1.htm
Slide 21
Hochdorf
Sites with rich burials
http://www.gzg.fn.bw.schule.de/heunebg/vix/vixfr.htm#Krater
Slide 22
Hochdorf mound
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Keltengrabhuegel_Hochdorf.jpg
Slide 23
The burial mound
http://home.bawue.de/~wmwerner/hochdorf/ho_hgl.jpg
Slide 24
How it looked before the burial with workshops
http://home.bawue.de/~wmwerner/hochdorf/h_grh1.gif
Slide 25
The timber and log chamber
http://home.bawue.de/~wmwerner/hochdorf/h_grh4.gif
Slide 26
Reconstruction of the grave and its contents
http://home.bawue.de/~wmwerner/hochdorf/h_grh6.gif
Slide 27
The wagon
http://home.bawue.de/~wmwerner/hochdorf/wagen_f.html
Slide 28
drinking horns hang on the wall
Reconstruction of grave of Hochdorf chieftan
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hochdorf_keltenmuseum0815.jpg
Slide 29
Gold decoration of his shoes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hochdorf_golden_shoes_ornaments.jpg
Slide 30
His dagger with gold foil sheath
File:Hochdorf dagger with gold foil.jpg
Slide 31
Drinking horn with gold decoration
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hochdorf_drinking_horn.jpg
Slide 32
Sites of rich burials
www2.iath.virginia.edu/.../ Vix/Vix_main.html
Slide 33
Copy of Hirschlanden warrior
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mann_Von_Hirschlanden.jpg
Slide 34
Glauberg
Stuttgart
Archaeological sites around Stuttgart
Slide 35
‘Lindele stele’ (123cm)
http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/Barbarians/Sites/Hirschlanden/Hirschlanden_main.html
Slide 36
Statue (162cm) from Stammheim
http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/Barbarians/Sites/Hirschlanden/Hirschlanden_main.html
Slide 37
http://aal.au.dk/fileadmin/www.aal.au.dk/globalisering/nyheder_og_stillinger/papers___documents/osen.pdf
Slide 38
Lake Neuchatel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lac_de_neuchatel.jpg
Slide 39
The archaeological site
http://www.edunet.ch/classes/marin/la_tene.htm
Slide 40
Hallstatt (yellow) and Celtic (green)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Celts_in_Europe.png
Slide 41
Sites with rich burials
http://www.gzg.fn.bw.schule.de/heunebg/vix/vixfr.htm#Krater
Slide 42
Mont Lassois where Vix Crater was found
http://www.gzg.fn.bw.schule.de/heunebg/vix/bilder/lassois2.jpg
Slide 43
Trade routes by land, sea and river
http://www.tresordevix.org/history_en.html
Slide 44
Sites near Vix with rich burials
http://www.gzg.fn.bw.schule.de/heunebg/vix/vixfr.htm#Situation%20g%E9ographique
Slide 45
Plan of the site with a large building ‘palace’
http://www2.cnrs.fr/presse/communique/1160.htm
Slide 46
Vix crater
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cratère_de_Vix_0023.jpg
Slide 47
Reconstruction of the ‘princess’ tomb’
http://www.gzg.fn.bw.schule.de/heunebg/vix/bilder/grab.jpg
Slide 48
Vix chariot
http://www.gzg.fn.bw.schule.de/heunebg/vix/bilder/karre.jpg
Slide 49
Her gold torque
http://www.gzg.fn.bw.schule.de/heunebg/vix/bilder/torque2.jpg
Slide 50
Detail of the torque: winged Pegasus
http://www.gzg.fn.bw.schule.de/heunebg/vix/bilder/torque1.jpg
Slide 51
Gold fibulae
http://home.bawue.de/~wmwerner/hochdorf/h_fibel1.jpg
Slide 52
Cup made in Athens found in the grave
http://www.gzg.fn.bw.schule.de/heunebg/vix/bilder/schale2.jpg
Slide 53
Celts
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Celts_in_Europe.png