XBee – 802.15.4 XBee – DigiMesh 2.4 XBee – Znet 2.5 XBee – ZB XBee Key Features • • • • Price-to-Performance Value Low Power Consumption Receiver Sensitivity Industrial Temperature Rating • Worldwide Acceptance • Small.

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Transcript XBee – 802.15.4 XBee – DigiMesh 2.4 XBee – Znet 2.5 XBee – ZB XBee Key Features • • • • Price-to-Performance Value Low Power Consumption Receiver Sensitivity Industrial Temperature Rating • Worldwide Acceptance • Small.

Slide 1

XBee – 802.15.4
XBee – DigiMesh 2.4
XBee – Znet 2.5
XBee – ZB

XBee
Key Features





Price-to-Performance Value
Low Power Consumption
Receiver Sensitivity
Industrial Temperature
Rating
• Worldwide Acceptance
• Small Form Factor


Slide 2

XBee “Standard” Series comparison
802.15.4 / DigiMESH 2.4

Znet 2.5 / ZB

up to 30 m

up to 40 m

up to 100 m

up to 120 m

1 mW (0 dBm)

2 mW (+3 dBm)

250,000 bps

Same

-92 dBm (1% PER)

-95 dBm (1% PER)

2.8 – 3.4 V

2.8 - 3.3 V

Transmit Current (typical)

45 mA (@ 3.3 V)

40 mA

Idle / Receive Current (typical)

50 mA (@ 3.3 V)

40 mA

< 10 μA

< 1 μA

ISM 2.4 GHz

Same

0.960” x 1.087”

Same

-40 to 85º C

Same

Chip, Integrated Whip, U.fl, RPSMA

Chip, Integrated Whip, U.fl, RPSMA

P2P, P2M, PP and MESH

P2P, P2M, and MESH

16 Direct Sequence Channels

Same

PAN ID, Channel &
Source/Destination

Same

NA

2006+ / PRO

OUR-XBEE

OUR-XBEE2

4214A-XBEE

4214A-XBEE2

ETSI

ETSI

Indoor/Urban Range
Outdoor RF line-of-sight Range
Transmit Power Output
RF Data Rate

Receiver Sensitivity
Supply Voltage

Power-down Current
Frequency
Dimensions
Operating Temperature
Antenna Options
Supported Network Topologies
Number of Channels
Filtration Options
Zigbee
FCC Part 15.247
Industry Canada (IC)
Europe (CE)


Slide 3

XBee Module
• Thin API or AT interface
application layer to 802.15.4,
DigiMesh or EmberZNet stack
• Powerful feature set includes:
– Remote configuration
– Low power end devices
– IO line set/read capabilities
• 8+1 GPIO (1 PWM)
• 4 A/D inputs

– Network diagnostics

• 4 Antenna Options: Whip,
Chip, U.FL, RPSMA
• No RF HW development risk
• Fully approved !!!

Digi API / AT
ZigBee AF

ZigBee APS
ZigBee Network
802.15.4 MAC
802.15.4 PHY

ZigBee
ZDO


Slide 4

Transparent / AT Firmware
• Transparent operation
works “out of the box”
• Serial cable replacement
• 3 Command Characters to
enter Command mode
(‘+++’ default)
• Simple configuration of
network, addressing, and
other advanced features

Coordinator

Router

Router

End Device


Slide 5

API Firmware
• Commands and data
sent to the module
through a simple API
(Application
Programming
Interface)
• API frames expose
simple and advanced
ZigBee capabilities

Coordinator

Router

Router

End Device


Slide 6

API Firmware
• XBee API Frames
– Transmit and Receive Frames
• Simple Transmit and receive frames require only module
addresses
• Advanced transmit and receive frames expose ZigBee
cluster IDs, endpoints
• Transmit status frames indicate the delivery status of the
transmission
• Receive frames indicate the sender’s address

– Status Frames
• Indicate device and network-level behavior including join
indications, reset notifications, etc.


Slide 7

AT versus API mode
• Advantages
– Simple
– Transparant
– Streaming
performance

• Disadvantage
– Slow for commands
– Not optimized for
embedded systems

• Advantages
– Quick commands
– Additional
information
– Over the air
configuration

• Disadvantages
– Complex
– Not transparant


Slide 8

XBee - IO features






UART Data Input (3.3V)
4 ADC’s
8+1 DIO lines
PWM (RSSI) output
Supply voltage monitoring


Slide 9

XBee - ADC






Analog to Digital Conversion
XBee has 4 ADC’s
10 bit resolution
1KHz MAX sample rate
The XBee does not have DAC’s
– Output can be read from the UART
– Also can build a LPF for the PWM output


Slide 10

XBee - DAC
DAC
• PWM Pulse Width
Modulation
• LPF


Slide 11

XBee - DIO line passing
• Digital Input / Output lines
• XBee has 8+1 DIO lines
• User configurable for
– Timed sampling
– Default states
– Change Detect
– Pass-through mode*
– Internal Pull-up enable/disable
* 802.15.4 firmware only


Slide 12

Xbee – Over the Air
• Using API mode it is possible
– To change configuration over the air
– Set/Reset and read IO lines
– Read A/D values

• XBee also can send you automatic low
battery warning (voltage threshold)


Slide 13

Commissioning Pushbutton
& Associate LEDs

Note if you want to have the
node rejoin on programmed
ID and SC you need to power
cycle after 4 button presses !!!


Slide 14

ZigBee Application Addressing
• In addition to 64- and 16-bit addresses, ZigBee
supports endpoints, cluster IDs and profile IDs.
• ZigBee transmissions specify:





Source and Destination Addresses
Source and Destination Endpoints
Cluster ID
Profile ID

[Src 16-bit Addr] [Dest 16-bit Addr] [Src Endpoint]
[Dest Endpoint] [Cluster ID] [Profile ID] [Payload]


Slide 15

Zigbee Profile IDs
• Profile IDs define a collection of devices and associated
functions & services to provide an overall system level
functionality.
• Example – a thermostat on one device talks with a
heating element on another device. Both devices and
their supported functions are defined in the same profile.
• Profile IDs can be private (defined and used solely by
developer) or public (supported by multiple vendors).
– Public profiles include Home Automation, Smart Energy, etc.
– Private profiles include Digi’s profile, vendor X profile

• One or more profile IDs may be defined on a device.
• Devices must communicate on the same profile ID to be
interoperable.


Slide 16

Zigbee Cluster IDs
• Cluster IDs are 2-byte values that
define a particular action or service.
e.g. – “Turn on Light”, “Read Sensor”.
• Cluster IDs are defined within the
scope of a profile.


Slide 17

Zigbee Endpoints
• An endpoint can be thought of as an
application, a domain, or a TCP port.
• Each device must support one or more
endpoints.


Slide 18

ZigBee Application Addressing – In a
Nutshell
• Data flow for a received ZigBee RF data packet


Slide 19

API Construction


Slide 20

API Explicit Tx Frame (0x11)

• Specify 64-bit address (16-bit optional)
• Data is delivered to the specified
endpoint, cluster ID, and profile ID on
the remote device
• Can send ZDO commands


Slide 21

API Explicit Rx Frame (0x91)

• Indicates:
• Sender’s 64- and 16-bit addresses
• Endpoint, cluster ID, and profile ID
information


Slide 22

API

A Note on Interoperability

• To talk to another ZigBee device...
– Set the profile ID, cluster ID, and
destination endpoint and format the data
payload correctly.


Slide 23

ZigBee Feature Set Comparison
Feature

Self Healing Mesh Network

ZNet 2.5

ZB

X

X

Source Routing

X

Many to One Routing

X

Extended PAN ID

X

Low power end devices

X

Mobile end devices
AES 128-bit encryption

X
X

X

X

Frequency Agility

X

Interoperability with other devices

X

Remote Configuration Commands

X

X


Slide 24

ZNet 2.5 & ZB (Zigbee PRO)
• ZigBee Alliance
– ZNet 2.5: Designed for ZigBee
– ZB: ZigBee Certified (pending)

• Unicast Timeout (Hop Maximum)
– ZNet 2.5: Fixed Unicast Timeout
– ZB: Adjustable Unicast Timeout (12 sec.)

• Over-the-air firmware updates
– ZNet 2.5: not possible
– ZB: available


Slide 25

XBee Series - Summary


XBee 802.15.4
– FreeScale Chipset
– Ideal for 802.15.4 applications
– 4 Antenna Options



XBee DigiMesh 2.4
– FreeScale Chipset
– Ideal for MESH applications with ALL nodes sleeping
– 4 Antenna Options



XBee Znet 2.5

(not recommended for new designs)

– Ember EM250 Chipset
– Ideal for ZigBee Applications
– 4 Antenna Options



Xbee ZB
– Ember EM250 Chipset
– Ideal for Zigbee Cross-Compliant Applications
– 4 Antenna Options


Slide 26

Decision factors
Do I need MESH ???
• If NO:

– XBee 802.15.4 (Freescale based)





802.15.4 (point to multipoint)
Slightly lower price than Series 2
Lower more predictable latency
More predictable battery life

• If YES:
Do I need ALL nodes to sleep (battery operated) and is it
ok to have a proprietary Solution ?
– IF NO:
• XBee Znet 2.5 / ZB (Ember based)





– IF YES:

Mesh support (vector based)
Automatic route discovery
Self-healing
Extended range – through mesh

• XBee DigiMESH2.4 (Freescale based)





Mesh support (peer-to-peer based)
Automatic route discovery
Self-healing
Extended range – through mesh


Slide 27

XBee Platform Agility
• Shared footprint
• Similar commands and interface (some
exceptions)
• Future-proof footprint
• Considerable ongoing development
• Ability to change RF functionality
quickly, without significant redesign.


Slide 28

AT/API Command Mode Demo


Slide 29

Digi added advantage:

Drop in Networking


Slide 30

End-to-End Wireless networks
Central Systems

WAN

Gateways

Zigbee PAN

Connectware

Cellular

WAN
Applications

Ethernet

WiFi
Local Access

Sensors


Slide 31

XBee Adapters (SP-style)
• Versions - Now
– XBee 232 – DB9
– XBee 485 – Terminal
Block
– XBee 1-Wire – RJ45

• Next Versions
• Battery (N-cell),
externally powered, or
– XBee Digital I/O –
both for redundancy
Terminal Block
• Supports all XBee
– XBee Analog I/O –
formats with PRO level
Terminal Block
range
(0-10 volts, 12 bit)


Slide 32

XBee Adapters (EP-style)
• XBee USB
New PIC
Coming

– USB Host Connected
– Quick connect to a PC
– Drivers compatible with
other MaxStream USB
products
– Supports all XBee
formats at a PRO level

• XBee 232PH
• Small form factor
– Digi EdgePort/1 Size

• Value connectivity

– Parasitically powered
– Simple serial
connectivity
– RS232 only
– Ember 2.5 and Zigbee
PRO compatibility


Slide 33

XBee USB & 232PH
• Low power, low cost simple ZigBee adapter
– Targeted at Point of Sale,
Transaction Processing and
simple Terminal server applications
– Powered from Serial Port with small
rechargeable batteries
– May also be added to current Digi DS, TS and
Cellular products

• Supports MaxStream APIs
– Currently compatible with only Ember 2.5 and
ZigBee PRO stacks

New PIC
Coming


Slide 34

XBee Wall Router
Universal Input
(swappable US, UK, EU,
Japan, Australia plugs)

Internal Antenna

Cordless, mains powered form factor
for simple plug-in router function






Provisioning
Button

Single/
Multiple
LEDs
Built in Sensors
• Temp and Light

XBee-PRO
with router function

Simple Router
Easy-to-deploy
Non-intrusive
Future Versions
– Power Control


Slide 35

ConnectPort X features
• Digi Cellular / Ethernet /Zigbee
Gateway Routers
– Transparant Gateway operation
– Remote configuration and monitoring of
ZigBee networks


Slide 36

ConnectPort X8
Embedded
IPsec or
SSL VPN

Small Form Factor:
1.25x7.75x4.12 in.

Digi PCIe
embedded WiFi

Embedded
NS9750 ARM9
Processor

WAN Internal Radios
• Fully enclosed to prevent
damage or theft
•Siemens MC/AC75 EDGE/GPRS
or Kyocera M200 CDMA 1XRTT
• PCI Express Module:
Sierra MC8755, 8765, 8775

MC5720/25

“Built in” Mgt. with:
• Web User Interface
• CLI
• Connectware Agent

Mounting Brackets
Under the Enclosure

9-30VDC Power

Four 50 Ohm Antenna
Connector Bank for
-Wireless WAN 2.5/3G
-WiFi 802.11 b/g
-Zigbee 802.15.4

LEDs for Link, Activity,
& Signal Strength


Slide 37

ConnectPort X Gateways
F e a tu re
P o sitio n in g

X2

X4

X8

S in g le F u n c tio n

Low Cost

H ig h -E n d M u ltifu n c tio n

Z ig B e e to E th e rn e t o r

Z ig B e e to C e llu la r

G a te w a y; m o s t ve rs a tility

W iF i

P ro ce sso r

a n d fle x ib ility

NS7520 ARM 7

NS9360 ARM 9

NS9750 ARM 9

P yth o n

P yth o n

P yth o n

4 .5 " x 2 .7 5 " x 1 .1 2 5 "

5 .2 5 " x 3 .3 5 " x .9 7 "

8 .7 " x 4 .1 1 " x 1 .3 "

1 1 .4 3 c m x 6 .9 9 c m x 2 .8 6 c m

1 3 .3 4 c m x 8 .5 1 c m x 2 .4 7 c m

2 2 .1 c m x 1 0 .4 c m x 3 .3 c m

RAM

8M B

16M B

16M B

FLASH
P C Ie S lo ts

4M B
No

8M B
1

8M B
2

C e llu la r

No

2 G o r 2 .5 G

3G

GPS

No

E xte rn a l

Y e s P C Ie o r E xte rn a l

W i-F i

Y e s w /o E th e rn e t

Y e s via P C Ie

Y e s via P C Ie

Y e s w /o W i-F i
No

1
1

1
1

USB

No

1

2

S to ra g e M o d u le (1 G B P C Ie )

No

E th e rn e t ve rsio n o n ly

Y e s via P C Ie

S e n so r P o rt (R J-4 5 )

No

No

1

Now

Now

Now

P ro g ra m m in g E n viro n m e n t
D im e n sio n s

E th e rn e t (R J-4 5 )
S e ria l (D B -9 )

A va ila b ility


Slide 38







Dynamic, object-oriented language
Extensive libraries
Works well with other languages
True “Open Source”-> no royalties
Runs on a wide range of operating systems-

Windows,
Linux/Unix, Mac OS X, OS/2, Amiga, Palm Handhelds, and Nokia mobile phones. Python
has also been ported to the Java and .NET virtual machines

• Used by Google, Yahoo, uTube, NASA, Honeywell,
Disney, IBM, National Weather Service
• Supporting Rel 2.5 downloadable from
http://www.python.org/