Morgue Operations in Mass Fatality Incidents What is a mass fatality event What is your prime federal resource Purpose of morgue operations Recovery Mobile morgue Refrigeration Antemortem data collection Security Cemetery operations No.

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Transcript Morgue Operations in Mass Fatality Incidents What is a mass fatality event What is your prime federal resource Purpose of morgue operations Recovery Mobile morgue Refrigeration Antemortem data collection Security Cemetery operations No.

Morgue
Operations in
Mass Fatality
Incidents
What is a mass fatality event
What is your prime federal resource
Purpose of morgue operations
Recovery
Mobile morgue
Refrigeration
Antemortem data collection
Security
Cemetery operations
No infrastructure situations
Technological Accident
Terrorist
Act
Human
negligence
Acts of
Nature
Mass Fatality Incidents
Simply put – they are simultaneous
multiple deaths which:
 Overwhelm
local resources
 Require outside professional and
logistical help
D
M
O
R
T
isaster
ortuary
perational
esponse
eams
DMORT
U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services (HHS)
 Office of the Assistant Secretary for
Preparedness and Response (ASPR)
 Office of Emergency Management (OEM)
 National Disaster Medical System (NDMS)

What can DMORT do?
Recovery Expertise
Postmortem Examinations
Antemortem Data Collection
Victim Identification
Custodial Management
Activated through
 Federal
disaster declaration (Stafford
Act)
 Aviation Disaster Family Assistance
Act
 Memorandum of Understanding
(MOU)
 Public Health Act
Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team Deployments
EVENT
YEAR
LOCATION
DECEDENTS
Cemetery flood
1993
Hardin, MO
769
Cemetery flood
1994
Albany, GA
405
Bombing
1995
Oklahoma City, OK
168
Hurricane Marilyn
1995
U.S. Virgin Islands
11
United Express 5925
1996
Quincy, IL
14
Comair 3272
1997
Monroe, MI
29
Korean Air 801
1997
Guam
225
Floods
1998
Del Rio, TX
12
Amtrak derailment
1999
Bourbonnais, IL
11
Tornadoes
1999
Oklahoma City, OK
47
Cemetery flood
1999
Tarboro, NC
230
Egypt Air
1999
Providence, RI
219
Alaska Air
2000
Ventura, CA
88
Executive Air
2000
Wilkes-Barre, PA
19
United 93
2001
Somerset, PA
44
World Trade Center
2001
New York, NY
~2800
American 587
2001
New York, NY
265
Tri-State Crematory
2002
Noble, GA
339
US Airways Express
2003
Charlotte, NC
21
The Station Nightclub
2003
West Warwick, RI
100
The Columbia Shuttle
2003
Texas
7
American 5966
2004
Kirksville, MO
13
Hurricanes Katrina/Rita
2005
Gulf Coast
~2500
Comair 5191
2006
Lexington, KY
49
Hurricanes Gustav/Ike
2008
Texas/Louisiana Coasts
~45
Continental 3407
2009
Buffalo, NY
50
Earthquake/tsunami
2009
American Samoa
32
Earthquake
2010
Haiti
~212,000
Tornadoes
2011
Joplin, MO
142
Morgue Operations
In Mass Fatality Incidents
Medical Examiner/Coroner is in
charge of human remains
Role of Morgue Operations
To receive,
 Identify,
 Determine manner and cause of death,
 Possibly prepare for final disposition,
 And return decedents to their next of kin,
 In the utmost dignified and professional
manner possible.

Morgue personnel positions

Team Management

– Team Commander
– Deputy Team Commander
– Administrative Officer

–
–
–
–
–
Forensic Personnel
–
–
–
–
–
–
Pathologist
Odontologist
Dental Assistant
Anthropologist
Fingerprint specialist
Photographer/videographer
Morgue Personnel

Mortuary Officer
Body tracker
Xray technician
Medical records technician
Supply officer
Support Personnel
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Mental Health/CISD Specialist
Communications manager
Safety Officer
Equipment operator
Team Physician/PA/Nurse
Security officer
Computer operator
Morgue Operations

Should be simple

Standard stations for documentation, examination,
and release

Success relies on teamwork and focus on
consistency in documentation and examination

Morgue organization and flow is modified to meet
the needs of the disaster
Morgue Flow

Morgue flow depends on
– condition/completeness of the remains
– morgue facility/layout

Modular system allows flexibility for the
incident and the incident morgue
Morgue Flow
Body/Remains
Storage
Remains
Triage
Family Assistance Center
Antemortem data collection
DNA reference sample
collection
Identification Section
Compares antemortem and
postmortem information
Admitted,
Number
assigned
VI data entry
Family
notification
Remains Documentation
Photography
Body/remains radiography
Personal Effects
Postmortem Data Collection
Autopsy/Pathological exam
Anthropological examination
Fingerprint examination
Dental examination
DNA specimen collection
Release
Identification Method
postmortem
information
antemortem
information
comparison
Unique biological
information
identification
Identification Methods
Positive ID Methods
DNA
Finger/Foot Print
Odontology
Pathology/Medical
Implants, medical devices
Radiology
Fractures
Bone pattern
Exclusion
Presumptive ID Methods
Personal Effects
Portable
Visual
Grief
Tattoos, body piercing
Common now
Incident Morgue

Located as close to the scene as possible

Hot and cold running water, showers, restrooms
and appropriate drainage

Heat/air conditioning and ventilation

Electricity

Parking, communications capability, space for
privacy and breaks

Capable of being secured
Possible Incident Morgue Sites
Coroner/ME Office
 Hangars
 Warehouses
 National Guard armories
 Portable buildings/tents

Incident Morgue
St. Gabriel, LA
Town Hall,
Former
School,
Warehouse
Incident Morgue
Carville, LA
Custom Built
Recovery
Disaster Portable
Morgue Unit
DPMU

Contains all major components for
identification and return of human
remains
DPMU
Portable modular morgue
 Equipment for forensic disciplines
 Support equipment

– generators, hot water heaters, sinks,
telephones
Site search/recovery equipment
 Computers for administrative support

DPMU Features

Containerized and
palletized

Transportable by
truck or plane

Mission ready at all
times
DPMU requirements

8000 sq ft facility

– Non porous flooring or
disposal flooring




Two 400-600 sq ft offices
Rest rooms
Water source
Electrical feed
– 110 volt
– 300 amps total

Drainage
8000 lb forklift
– 6 ft forks
– 10’x10’x10’


2000 lb forklift inside
facility
Tractor trailer
accessible site
DPMU Section Equipment



Partitions and supports
Electrical/plumbing
Information Resources
– Family Assistance Center
– Morgue Operations




Admitting / Triage
Photography
Personal Effects
Personal Protective /
Biohazard Equipment




Anthropology
Odontology
Fingerprint
Radiology
– Dental X-Ray
– Full Body X-ray





Pathology
Embalming
Casketing and Release
DNA
Credit Card
Refrigeration
Refrigeration
Family Assistance Center






Provide comfortable place for
families to gather
Away from disaster site
Easily accessible
Easy to find
Provide creature comforts to
family
No media in closed areas
Agencies at the FAC








NTSB
FBI
SEMA
FEMA
ME/Coroner
DMORT/mortuary
Insurance
representatives
Police agencies







Red Cross
Salvation Army
Clergy organizations
Counseling
organizations
Political
representatives
Company
representatives
Others
Mortuary Functions at
Family Assistance Center

Conduct interviews for antemortem data
collection

Collect DNA reference samples

Notification of positive identification to
survivors through the medical
examiner/coroner

Coordinate release of remains to next of kin
Information Resources
Victim Identification Program

Computer program to coordinate:
– Antemortem data collection
– Postmortem data collection
– Identification reports
– Body tracking
– With dental identification package
Victim Identification Program

Antemortem section
– Interview form
– Track identifying characteristics
– Provides reporting for:
» Morgue Section Leaders
» Local Authorities (Coroner/ME, EMA)
» Federal Authorities (NTSB, FBI, FEMA)
– Provides reports on:
» Age/Sex data
» Unique biological/personal features

Scars, tattoos, surgeries, implants
» Personal effects/jewelry
Victim Identification Program

Postmortem section
– Provides section forms to be completed during
operation
– Collects postmortem findings from all sections
– Provides long term storage for collected data
» Including digitized photos and x-rays
Victim Identification Program

Data Comparison
– Compare antemortem and postmortem identifying
characteristics
– Dental program compares the teeth
– Neither program makes an identification
Operational Security
Protect your outer perimeter
 Secure your inner perimeter
 What happens in the morgue, stays in the
morgue
 Allow no unauthorized photographs
 Restrict access to morgue workers only

Cemetery
Operations
Operations with limited
infrastructure
For Further Info
www.phe.gov/Preparedness/responders/
ndms/teams/Pages/dmort
www.dmort3.org