Transcript Bio-Based Fuel Research Waste to Resource Steve Safferman Dana M Kirk Wei Liao Susie Liu WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES Direct Combustion Biochemical Conversion Thermal Conversion Anaerobic Digestion Pyrolysis Gasification Liquefaction Thermochemical Conversion Thermochemical Deploymerization Algae Ethanol Synthesis Anaerobic Digestion Andrew Wedel, McLanahan Co East Germany (Swine and Potatoes) Scenic.

Bio-Based Fuel Research
Waste to Resource
Steve Safferman
Dana M Kirk
Wei Liao
Susie Liu
WASTE TO ENERGY
TECHNOLOGIES
Direct
Combustion
Biochemical
Conversion
Thermal
Conversion
Anaerobic
Digestion
Pyrolysis
Gasification
Liquefaction
Thermochemical
Conversion
Thermochemical
Deploymerization
Algae
Ethanol
Synthesis
Anaerobic Digestion
Andrew Wedel, McLanahan Co
East Germany (Swine and Potatoes)
Scenic View Dairy
Minute Maid
Anaerobic Digestion
What does carbon look like in
complex waste?
CaHbOc?d?e?f?g?h
What does carbon look
like in energy?
CH4
H
H
C
H
H
Anaerobic Digestion
Microbiology
Biogas Energy Systems A Great Lakes Casebook,
Great Lakes Regional Energy Program. Cliburn &
Associates, 1994
Rozdilsky, J. 1997. Farm Based Anaerobic
Digestion in Michigan: History, Current
Status, and Future Outlook, 1997.
Anaerobic Digestion
Microbiology
Heat
Electricity
Natural Gas
Biogas
Digestate
CH4 (50 – 60%)
CO2 (40 – 50%)
Other? (Trace)
Fiber
Water
Nutrients
Scenic View Dairy, MI
Digestate
\
Solid liquid separation
Manure solids as bedding
Manure composite boards
Compost
Anaerobic Digestion Benefits
 Revenue Sources





Energy Offset and/or Energy Sales
Carbon Credit
Tipping Fees
New Industries
All of the Above
 Odor Control (Nuisance Avoidance)
 Water Treatment/Stabilization
 Emission Control
 Greenhouse Gas
 Carbon Credit




Public Perception
Liquid/Solid Separation
Nutrient Availability
Pathogen Reduction
“Back of the Envelop” Energy Prediction
In MI, Avg. Person Requires 313 MBTU/year1
People in MI: 10,100,0001
0.012 MBTU/kg VS Added to Digester2,3
7,100,000 tons of Dry Biosolids Produced each Year4
Biosolids in Country Supports 183,000 People in MI (2%)2,3
Cows in MI: 325,0006
Cows manure in MI Supports 10,400 people (0.1%)2,3,6
1MI
Depart. of Economic Development and Labor and Economic Growth, Energy Overview
& Eddy Wastewater Engineering
3Peavy et al. Environmental Engineering
4WEF, Questions and Answers on Land Application of Biosolids
5USDA National Statistics Service
6Anaerobic Digestion of Animal Waste: Factors to Consider, Balsam, ATTRA Pub. IP219
2Metcalf
Anaerobic Digestion Costs
Capital Cost
Daily Operation and Maintenance
Training
 Safety
Sensitivity
Disposal
----- ______ in _____Out -----
Anaerobic Digestion Benefits
 Revenue Sources
 New Industries
 All of the Above
 Odor Control (Nuisance Avoidance)
 Water Treatment/Stabilization
 Emission Control
 Greenhouse Gas
 Carbon Credit




Public Perception
Liquid/Solid Separation
Nutrient Availability
Pathogen Reduction
Natural
Gas
Methane
Biogas
Organic
Residues
Anaerobic
Digester
Anaerobic Digestion
System Research
Combined Heat &
Power System
Heat
Liquid/Fiber
Separator
Liquid
Stream
Fiber
Production
Crop
CO2
Green House
Vegetable
Production
Algal Culture
Biodiesel
Animal
Feed
Fish
Meal
Aquaculture &
Hoop Agriculture
H2 & CH4 Production – Psychrotrophic Microbial Consortia
Animal Manure
Hydrogen
Nutrients (C, N, P etc.)
Psychrotrophic
Hydrogen Producing
Microorganisms
Psychrotrophic
Methane Producing
Microorganisms
Methane
Enhanced Enzyme
Production
Lignocellulose
5 liter bench reactors for AD research
Organic Acids
16s rRNA gene technologies
for analysis of microbial consortia
Algal production using AD effluent
Combustion
of AD Biogas
AD
Liquid
Effluent
CO2
Advanced Pond
System
Algal Culture
System
Wastewater
with less
N, P
Algal Turf
Scrubber
System
Algal Biomass
Fertilizers
Fish Meal
Ethanol
Value-Added
Products
Integrated Small-Scale Animal Manure Management System to
Improve Energy Efficiency and Produce High-Value Co-Products
Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor
Anaerobic Digestion Feasibility
Is anaerobic digestion worth further
exploration?
1. Determine Objectives
2. Profile Facility/Facilities
3. Screen Wastewater
4. Predict Best Theoretical Potential
5. Conduct Laboratory Experimentation
6. Interpret Results
7. Make Recommendations
8. Professional Design
2. Profile Facility/Facilities
3. Screen Waste
CH3
•
•
•
•
•
•
COD (soluble)
Volatile Solids
pH
Alkalinity
C/N/P
Toxicity
H3C
N
H3C
N
S
O
Diazinon
P
CH3
HO
O
O
O
CH3
H3C
CH3
O
O
O
CH3
O
O
O
H3C
Cl
Cl
Permethrin
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
CH3
NH
Carbofuran
Cl
Lindane
4. Predict Best
Theoretical Potential
Liu, Yan, Miller, S. A., Safferman, S. I.
(2008). “Alternative Treatments of Food and
Manure for Biogas Production.” Biofuels,
Bioproducts & Biorefining, In Press
(manuscript BIOFPR-08-0017.R1).
5. Conduct Laboratory Experimentation
Anaerobic
Respirometry
Real Time, Continuous Gas Measurement
• Total volume
• Rate (ml/hr)
6. Interpret Results
Anaerobic Digestion Feasibility
Is anaerobic digestion worth further
exploration?
7. Make Recommendations
8. Professional Design
MSU Anaerobic Digestion
Research and Training Center
Comprehensively research, develop, evaluate,
and educate on integrated anaerobic digestion
systems, with an emphasis on cost effective
and efficient technologies for small and
medium sized dairy farms.
 Theoretical modeling
 Bioassay evaluation and
 Lab and Bench scale research
 Anaerobic digester and algae facility at the MSU Dairy
Farm
 Pilot and commercial scale research at Green Meadow
Farms and Scenic View Dairy.
Anaerobic Digestion
Research
Future
Additions
ADDS
Proposed MSU
ADRE Building
New Animal Air
Quality Research
Center
East Bay,
Expansion
Potential
Men’s
Locker
Room
East Bay,
Expansion
Potential
18 ft
10 ft
Stud.
Work
Room
15 ft
Conference
Room
Entry
Dairy Cattle Teaching and
Research and Teaching
Center
Manager’
s Office
Wet
Laborator
y
4 ft
14 ft
15 ft
High Bay
Instrument
Laboratory
15 ft
Women’s
Locker
Room
82 ft
Research
Bay, Typ.
10 ft
40 ft
Questions
Steven Safferman
[email protected]
517-432-0812
www.egr.msu.edu/~safferma/
Dana M Kirk
[email protected]
P: 517.432.6530
C: 517.282.6937