Transcript CIS 191 - Lesson 3 Booting Up Systems Skills Needed The following skills are really important for getting through this lesson: • Walking through a.

CIS 191 - Lesson 3
Booting Up Systems
Skills Needed
The following skills are really important for getting through
this lesson:
• Walking through a system and diagramming it
• Tracking the boot process from point to point
• Backing up and restoring the MBR
• BIOS configuration - changing BIOS boot order
• Making bootable devices
• Emergency floppies and CDs
• Repairing Linux after a Microsoft Windows installation
• GRUB
•
•
•
•
installing boot code into devices
interactive boots
custom boot options with grub.conf
rooting GRUB vs rooting kernel
• Recognizing GRUB and Microsoft boot code
• Relating volume labels to partitions
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
Boot
Sequence
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
Boot Sequence
The journey to loading the OS
BIOS
MBR Bootloader
Boot Partition bootloader
Secondary bootloader (optional)
Kernel load
Mount root filesystem
Turn control over to an init program
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
Boot Sequence
The journey to loading the OS
BIOS code
MBR code
Partition
boot code
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
Boot Sequence
The journey to loading the OS
BIOS code
floppy
boot code
Partition
boot code
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
Boot Sequence
The journey
BIOS code
MBR boot
code
Partition
boot code
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
Boot Sequence
The journey to loading the OS
BIOS code
CD boot
code
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
Boot
Loaders
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
Boot Loaders
1. MS-DOS boot loader
• no configuration file
• non-interactive
2. Syslinux
• syslinux.cfg
3. LILO
• /etc/lilo.conf
• Requires the running of the lilo command to create a map file
4. GRUB - /boot/grub/grub.conf
• Capable of reading many UNIX file systems including ext2
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
dd
command
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
dd command
• Can copy data within or outside of file system structures
• Syntax:
dd if=infile of=outfile bs=blocksize count=#blocks
• Backs up the master boot record to the file mbr:
dd if=/dev/hda of=mbr bs=512 count=1
• Restores the boot code portion of the MBR from the file mbr:
dd if=mbr of=/dev/hda bs=1 count=446
• Backs up a floppy to the file floppy.img:
dd if=/dev/fd0 of=floppy.img
• Restores a floppy from the file floppy.img:
dd if=floppy.img of=/dev/fd0 bs=1k
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
MBR
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
The MBR
MBR
Boot Sector
MBR (Master Boot Record)
Boot Sector
ls /boot/grub
Boot Sector
Free Space
Boot
Code
(446 bytes)
Partition
Table
(64 bytes)
55aa
Signature
(2 bytes)
• Very first sector (512 bytes) on a hard drive
or USB flash drive.
• Boot code can be from conventional
(Microsoft) or Linux (GRUB/LILO)
• Partition table holds location, type and status
information for the four primary partitions
• The signature marks the end of the MBR
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
The MBR
MBR (Master Boot Record)
Boot
Code
(446 bytes)
Partition
Table
(64 bytes)
55aa
Signature
(2 bytes)
Example partition table:
Device Boot
/dev/sda1
/dev/sda2
*
/dev/sda3
/dev/sda4
Start
1
4
17
82
End
3
16
81
652
Blocks
24066
104422+
522112+
4586557+
Id
4
83
82
5
System
FAT16 <32M
Linux
Linux swap / Solaris
Extended
MBR boot code will attempt to load the boot code in the active partition
(marked with "*"). Use fdisk to change the active partition.
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
The MBR
Conventional
Boot Code
[root@spare01
0000000: fa33
0000010: bf00
0000020: b304
0000030: cb75
0000040: cb74
0000050: 56bb
0000060: bb00
0000070: 4f75
0000080: 55aa
0000090: 6964
00000a0: 6c65
00000b0: 206f
00000c0: 6d00
00000d0: 696e
00000e0: 0000
00000f0: 0000
0000100: 0000
0000110: 0000
0000120: 0000
0000130: 0000
0000140:
Boot 0000
0000150: 0000
Code
0000160: 0000
(446
bytes)
0000170:
0000
0000180: 0000
0000190: 0000
00001a0: 0000
00001b0: 0000
00001c0: 0100
00001d0: 0103
00001e0: 0110
00001f0: 0151
~]# xxd /dev/sda | more
c08e d0bc 007c 8bf4 5007
06b9 0001 f2a5 ea1d 0600
803c 8074 0e80 3c00 751c
efcd 188b 148b 4c02 8bee
1a80 3c00 74f4 be8b 06ac
0700 b40e cd10 5eeb f0eb
7cb8 0102 57cd 135f 730c
edbe a306 ebd3 bec2 06bf
75c7 8bf5 ea00 7c00 0049
2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e
0045 7272 6f72 206c 6f61
7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073
4d69 7373 696e 6720 6f70
6720 7379 7374 656d 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000
0000 0000
Partition
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
Table
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
(64 bytes)
0000 0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 2084 0a00
04fe 3f02 3f00 0000 04bc
83fe 3f0f 43bc 0000 cd2f
82fe 3f50 10ec 0300 01ef
05fe bf8b 11db 1300 7bf8
MBR (Master Boot Record)
501f fbfc .3.....|..P.P...
00be be07 ................
83c6 10fe ...<.t..<.u.....
83c6 10fe .u......L.......
3c00 740b .t..<.t.....<.t.
febf 0500 V.......^.......
33c0 cd13 ..|...W.._s.3...
fe7d 813d Ou...........}.=
6e76 616c U.u.....|..Inval
2074 6162 id partition tab
6469 6e67 le.Error loading
7973 7465
operating syste
6572 6174 m.Missing operat
0000 0000 ing system......
0000 0000 ................
0000 0000 ................
0000 0000 ................
0000 0000 ................
0000 0000 ................
0000 0000 ................
0000 0000
55aa ................
0000 0000 ................
Signature
0000 0000 ................
(20000
bytes)
0000
................
0000 0000 ................
0000 0000 ................
0000 0000 ................
0000 0001 ........ .......
0000 8000 ....?.?.........
0300 0000 ....?.C..../....
0f00 0000 ....?P..........
8b00 55aa .Q........{...U.
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
[root@party root]# xxd /dev/sda | more
0000000: eb48 9010 8ed0 bc00 b0b8 0000 8ed8 8ec0
0000010: fbbe 007c bf00 06b9 0002 f3a4 ea21 0600
0000020: 00be be07 3804 750b 83c6 1081 fefe 0775
0000030: f3eb 16b4 02b0 01bb 007c b280 8a74 0302
0000040: 8000 0080 5982 0000 0008 faea 507c 0000
0000050: 31c0 8ed8 8ed0 bc00 20fb a040 7c3c ff74
0000060: 0288 c252 be76 7de8 3401 f6c2 8074 54b4
0000070: 41bb aa55 cd13 5a52 7249 81fb 55aa 7543
0000080: a041 7c84 c075 0583 e101 7437 668b 4c10
0000090: be05 7cc6 44ff 0166 8b1e 447c c704 1000
00000a0: c744 0201 0066 895c 08c7 4406 0070 6631
00000b0: c089 4404 6689 440c b442 cd13 7205 bb00
00000c0: 70eb 7db4 08cd 1373 0af6 c280 0f84 f300
00000d0: e98d 00be 057c c644 ff00 6631 c088 f040
00000e0: 6689 4404 31d2 88ca c1e2 0288 e888 f440
00000f0: 8944 0831 c088 d0c0 e802 6689 0466 a144
66f7 3488 540a 6631
d266 f774
Boot 0000100: 7c66 31d2Partition
55aa
0000110:
0488
540b
8944
0c3b
4408
7d3c
8a54 0dc0
Code
Table
Signature
0000120: e206 8a4c 0afe c108 d18a 6c0c 5a8a 740b
(446 bytes)
(64c331
bytes)
bytes)
0000130: bb00 708e
dbb8 0102 (2
cd13
722a 8cc3
0000140: 8e06 487c 601e b900 018e db31 f631 fffc
0000150: f3a5 1f61 ff26 427c be7c 7de8 4000 eb0e
0000160: be81 7de8 3800 eb06 be8b 7de8 3000 be90
0000170: 7de8 2a00 ebfe 4752 5542 2000 4765 6f6d
0000180: 0048 6172 6420 4469 736b 0052 6561 6400
0000190: 2045 7272 6f72 00bb 0100 b40e cd10 ac3c
00001a0: 0075 f4c3 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
00001b0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 8001
00001c0: 0100 83fe 3f0c 3f00 0000 8e2f 0300 0000
00001d0: 010d 83fe 7fca cd2f 0300 3e54 6d00 0000
00001e0: 41cb 82fe bf0b 0b84 7000 01ef 0f00 0000
00001f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 55aa
The MBR
Linux GRUB
Boot Code
MBR (Master Boot Record)
.H..............
...|.........!..
....8.u........u
.........|...t..
....Y.......P|..
1....... ..@|<.t
...R.v}.4....tT.
A..U..ZRrI..U.uC
.A|..u....t7f.L.
..|.D..f..D|....
.D...f.\..D..pf1
..D.f.D..B..r...
p.}....s........
.....|.D..f1...@
f.D.1..........@
.D.1......f..f.D
|f1.f.4.T.f1.f.t
..T..D.;D.}<.T..
...L......l.Z.t.
..p..1......r*..
..H|`......1.1..
...a.&B|.|}.@...
..}.8.....}.0...
}.*...GRUB .Geom
.Hard Disk.Read.
Error.........<
.u..............
................
....?.?..../....
......./..>Tm...
A.......p.......
..............U.
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
The MBR
Backing up and restoring
MBR (Master Boot Record)
Boot
Code
(446 bytes)
Partition Table
(64 bytes)
55aa
Signature
(2 bytes)
[root@partide root]# dd if=/dev/hda of=mbr.bak bs=512 count=1
Backup MBR 1+0 records in
1+0 records out
[root@partide root]#
[root@partide
Restore boot 446+0 records
code only 446+0 records
[root@partide
root]# dd if=mbr.bak of=/dev/hda bs=1 count=446
in
out
root]#
[root@partide root]# dd if=mbr.bak of=/dev/hda bs=512 count=1
Restore
512+0 records in
boot code and 512+0 records out
partition table [root@partide root]#
From DOS A:\>fdisk /mbr
A:\>
prompt
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
grub.conf
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
grub.conf overview
global
settings
List of boot
options for
user to pick
from at boot
time
[root@spare02 ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf
default=default boot option from list below
timeout=how long to wait for user to pick boot option
splashimage=image file to display in the background
more options
title OS boot 1
root partition with kernel and initial ram disk
kernel absolute path to kernel file and options
initrd absolute path to initrd file
title OS boot 2
root partition with kernel and initial ram disk
kernel absolute path to kernel file and options
initrd absolute path to initrd file
title OS boot 3
root partition with kernel and initial ram disk
kernel absolute path to kernel file and options
initrd absolute path to initrd file
[root@spare02 ~]#
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
grub.conf overview
title OS boot name
root (hdn,m)
kernel abs-path-to-kernel-per-GRUB-root root=partition-to-mount-as-/
initrd abs-path-to-initrd-per-GRUB-root
n=drive number,
m=partition number,
GRUB starts counting
with 0, so (hd0,0) = first
drive, first partition
MBR
boot sector
/boot
/dev/sda1
boot sector
/
/dev/sda2
boot sector
swap
/dev/sda3
Free Space
title Red Hat Linux (2.4.20-6)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.20-6 ro root=/dev/sda2
initrd /initrd-2.4.20-6.img
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
grub.conf overview
title OS boot name
root (hdn,m)
kernel abs-path-to-kernel-per-GRUB-root root=partition-to-mount-as-/
initrd abs-path-to-initrd-per-GRUB-root
n=drive number,
m=partition number,
GRUB starts counting
with 0, so (hd0,0) = first
drive, first partition
MBR
boot sector
/dev/sda1
/
boot sector
/dev/sda2
swap
Free Space
title Fedora (2.6.25-14.fc9.i686)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.25-14.fc9.i686 ro root=/dev/sda1
initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.25-14.fc9.i686.img
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
grub.conf examples
Fedora 9
[root@spare02 ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You do not have a /boot partition. This means that
#
all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /, eg.
#
root (hd0,0)
#
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda1
#
initrd /boot/initrd-version.img
#boot=/dev/sda
Note: Some distros don't
default=0
timeout=5
reference the root
splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz
filesystem with /dev/…
hiddenmenu
title Fedora (2.6.25-14.fc9.i686)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.25-14.fc9.i686 ro root=UUID=1726400d-6d8e4e06-9c82-c64c8fdc8578 rhgb quiet
initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.25-14.fc9.i686.img
[root@spare02 ~]#
[root@spare02 ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sda1 | grep UUID
Filesystem UUID:
1726400d-6d8e-4e06-9c82-c64c8fdc8578
[root@spare02 ~]#
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
grub.conf examples
Fedora 9
[root@spare01 ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You do not have a /boot partition. This means that
#
all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /, eg.
#
root (hd0,0)
#
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda1
#
initrd /boot/initrd-version.img
#boot=/dev/sda
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title Fedora (2.6.25-14.fc9.i686)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.25-14.fc9.i686 ro root=UUID=1726400d-6d8e4e06-9c82-c64c8fdc8578 rhgb quiet
initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.25-14.fc9.i686.img
[root@spare02 ~]#
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
grub.conf examples
Duel Boot DOS/Fedora 9
[root@spare01 ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that
#
all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
#
root (hd0,1)
#
kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda5
#
initrd /initrd-version.img
#boot=/dev/sda2
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,1)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title Fedora (2.6.25-14.fc9.i686)
root (hd0,1)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.25-14.fc9.i686 ro root=UUID=273c505c-1fe5-4d678772-e734b4206032 rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.25-14.fc9.i686.img
title DOS
rootnoverify (hd0,0)
chainloader +1
[root@spare01 ~]#
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
grub.conf examples
Duel Boot DOS/Fedora 9
[root@spare01 ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that
#
all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
#
root (hd0,1)
#
kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda5
#
initrd /initrd-version.img
#boot=/dev/sda2
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,1)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title Fedora (2.6.25-14.fc9.i686)
root (hd0,1)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.25-14.fc9.i686 ro root=UUID=273c505c-1fe5-4d678772-e734b4206032 rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.25-14.fc9.i686.img
title DOS
rootnoverify (hd0,0)
chainloader +1
[root@spare01 ~]#
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
grub.conf examples
Multiple Boot - Red Hat 9 (Hard drive and Pen Drive)
[root@frida root]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that
#
all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
#
root (hd0,0)
#
kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda2
#
initrd /initrd-version.img
#boot=/dev/sda
default=0
timeout=60
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
title Red Hat Linux (2.4.20-6)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.20-6 ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.4.20-6.img
title MyLinux
root (hd1,0)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.20-6 ro root=/dev/sdb1 init=bin/bash
initrd /boot/initrd.img
[root@frida root]#
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
grub.conf examples
Multiple Boot - Red Hat 9 (Hard drive and Pen Drive)
[root@frida root]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that
#
all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
#
root (hd0,0)
#
kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda2
#
initrd /initrd-version.img
#boot=/dev/sda
default=0
timeout=60
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
title Red Hat Linux (2.4.20-6)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.20-6 ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.4.20-6.img
title MyLinux
root (hd1,0)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.20-6 ro root=/dev/sdb1 init=bin/bash
initrd /boot/initrd.img
[root@frida root]#
Customize
GRUB
Boot
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
Customizing GRUB boot configuration
/boot/grub
[root@fedora
total 215
-rw-r--r-- 1
-rw-r--r-- 1
-rw-r--r-- 1
-rw-r--r-- 1
-rw------- 1
-rw-r--r-- 1
-rw-r--r-- 1
lrwxrwxrwx 1
-rw-r--r-- 1
-rw-r--r-- 1
-rw-r--r-- 1
-rw-r--r-- 1
-rw-r--r-- 1
-rw-r--r-- 1
-rw-r--r-- 1
-rw-r--r-- 1
[root@fedora
~]# ls -l /boot/grub
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
~]#
root
63 2008-04-22 02:44 device.map
root
8096 2008-04-22 02:44 e2fs_stage1_5
root
7936 2008-04-22 02:44 fat_stage1_5
root
7200 2008-04-22 02:44 ffs_stage1_5
root
769 2008-07-11 17:37 grub.conf
root
7200 2008-04-22 02:44 iso9660_stage1_5
root
8672 2008-04-22 02:44 jfs_stage1_5
root
11 2008-04-22 02:44 menu.lst -> ./grub.conf
root
7328 2008-04-22 02:44 minix_stage1_5
root
9696 2008-04-22 02:44 reiserfs_stage1_5
root
7459 2007-11-14 07:00 splash.xpm.gz
root
512 2008-04-22 02:44 stage1
root 105468 2008-04-22 02:44 stage2
root
7520 2008-04-22 02:44 ufs2_stage1_5
root
6752 2008-04-22 02:44 vstafs_stage1_5
root
9344 2008-04-22 02:44 xfs_stage1_5
Fedora 8
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
Customizing GRUB boot configuration
/boot/grub/grub.conf
[root@fedora ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf
Fedora 8
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that
#
all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
#
root (hd0,0)
#
kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
#
initrd /initrd-version.img
0="first", default boot is "Fedora
#boot=/dev/sda
(2.6.25.10-47.fc8)" from list below
default=0
timeout=5
seconds to wait for user to make a choice
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
menu not displayed (user can
title Fedora (2.6.25.10-47.fc8)
hit esc to see at boot time)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.25.10-47.fc8 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.25.10-47.fc8.img
title Fedora (2.6.25.6-27.fc8)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.25.6-27.fc8 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.25.6-27.fc8.img
Note: LVM (Logical Volume Management)
[root@fedora ~]#
is being used on this system
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
Customizing GRUB boot configuration
/boot/grub
Unbuntu Hardy Heron
root@instructor:~# ls -l /boot/grub/
total 204
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root
197 2008-06-03
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root
15 2008-06-03
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root
8056 2008-06-03
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root
7904 2008-06-03
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root
16 2008-06-03
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root
8608 2008-06-03
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root
4694 2008-07-29
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root
7324 2008-06-03
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root
9632 2008-06-03
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root
512 2008-06-03
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 108356 2008-06-03
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root
9276 2008-06-03
root@instructor:~#
10:24
10:24
10:24
10:24
10:24
10:24
09:07
10:24
10:24
10:24
10:24
10:24
default
device.map
e2fs_stage1_5
fat_stage1_5
installed-version
jfs_stage1_5
menu.lst
minix_stage1_5
reiserfs_stage1_5
stage1
stage2
xfs_stage1_5
Note: On Ubuntu 8.04, the GRUB configuration
file to is menu.1st rather than grub.conf
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
Customizing GRUB boot configuration
/boot/grub/grub.conf
root@instructor:~# cat /boot/grub/menu.lst
default
0
timeout
3
hiddenmenu
title
Ubuntu 8.04, kernel 2.6.24-17-generic
root
(hd0,0)
kernel
/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.24-17-generic root=UUID=1b33a7fe-d508-4707-9cc4-86e1a1998c0f ro quiet splash
initrd
/boot/initrd.img-2.6.24-17-generic
quiet
title
root
kernel
initrd
Ubuntu 8.04, kernel 2.6.24-17-generic (recovery mode)
(hd0,0)
/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.24-17-generic root=UUID=1b33a7fe-d508-4707-9cc4-86e1a1998c0f ro single
/boot/initrd.img-2.6.24-17-generic
title
root
kernel
initrd
quiet
Ubuntu 8.04, kernel 2.6.24-16-generic
(hd0,0)
/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.24-16-generic root=UUID=1b33a7fe-d508-4707-9cc4-86e1a1998c0f ro quiet splash
/boot/initrd.img-2.6.24-16-generic
title
root
kernel
initrd
Ubuntu 8.04, kernel 2.6.24-16-generic (recovery mode)
(hd0,0)
/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.24-16-generic root=UUID=1b33a7fe-d508-4707-9cc4-86e1a1998c0f ro single
/boot/initrd.img-2.6.24-16-generic
title
Ubuntu 8.04, memtest86+
root
(hd0,0)
kernel
/boot/memtest86+.bin
quiet
root@instructor:~#
Unbuntu Hardy Heron
(with comments snipped)
BIOS boot
order
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
BIOS Boot Order
VMware BIOS
Press F2 to enter BIOS
configuration. Note: You don't
get much time for this so have
your finger over the key!
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
BIOS Boot Order
VMware BIOS
Right arrow over to
the Boot menu.
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
BIOS Boot Order
VMware BIOS
Re-order to suit your needs. This VM will look first
on a floppy, then a CD, then the hard drive and then
try network boot.
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
BIOS Boot Order
VMware BIOS
A + means the group can be
expanded (use Enter)
Noter: VMware BIOS does not support
USB pen drive boots.
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
BIOS Boot Order
VMware BIOS
If you have multiple hard drives, they can
be searched in order as well
CIS 191 - Lesson 3
BIOS Boot Order
VMware BIOS
Save any changes
you make.