Active English Diploma Engineering Sem I English (3300002) Active Passive Prepared by I M KHAN (Asst.
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Active English
Diploma Engineering Sem I English (3300002) Active Passive
Prepared by
I M KHAN (Asst. Prof. in English) Om Engineering College, Junagadh.
www.imkeng.wordpress.com
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• Active ( કર્તરી )
Active / Passive
Action done by the subject • Passive ( કર્તણી ) Action done by the object
Example
સુથાર ખુરશી બનાવે છે . ( કર્તરી ) ખુરશી સુથાર દ્વારા બને છે ( કર્તણી ) 2
Please Remember
1. Identify the tense of a sentence from a verb Example:
I write a letter I wrote a letter I shall write a letter
Present Past Future
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Please Remember
2. Identify the Subject of the sentence Example:
I write a letter.
who writes a letter?
The answer is “I”, so it’s a subject… 4
Please Remember
3. Identify the object in the sentence Example:
I write a letter
what do you / I write?
The answer is ‘a letter’, so it’s the object….
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Keys
• Verb shows you the tense of the sentence • ‘who does an action?’ gives you the subject / doer of the action • ‘What’ is being acted upon?’ gives you the object of the sentence.
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Tenses & Syntax of AV & PV
• •
Simple (Present / Past / Future)
AV: S +
V
+ Ob PV: Ob +
to be + V3
+ by + Sub.
• •
Progreesive (Present / Past)
AV: S +
to be + V4
+ Ob PV: Ob +
to be + being + V3
+ by + Sub.
• •
Perfect (Present / Past / Future)
AV: S +
to have + V3
+ Ob PV: Ob +
to have + been
+ V3 + by + Sub.
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Verb Forms
To be
Present: am / is / are
Past: was / were
Future will be / shall be
To have
Present: have / has
Past: had
Future will have / shall have
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Tense Present Past Future
Verb Form Table
To be
am is are was were
To have
have has had will be shall be will have shall have 9
1. If the AV sentence is SIMPLE (Present / Past / Future)
•
AV object will become PV subject
•
Appropriate verb of ‘to be’ will come
•
Past participle (V3) of root verb will come
•
‘by’
as conjunction will come
•
AV subject will become PV object
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Simple Present
They speak English
Subject Action Verb Object
is spoken
AV object will become PV subject am / is / are + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object 11
Simple Past
They spoke English
Subject Action Verb Object
was spoken
AV object will become PV subject was/ were + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object 12
Simple Future
They will speak English
Subject Action Verb Object
will be spoken
AV object will become PV subject will be / shall be + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object 13
1. If the AV sentence is Progressive (Present / Past)
•
AV object will become PV subject
•
Appropriate verb of ‘to be’
•
‘being’
will come after ‘to be’ verb
•
Past participle (V3) of root verb will come
•
‘by’
as conjunction will come
•
AV subject will become PV object
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Progressive Present They are speaking English
Subject Action Verb Object
is being spoken
AV object will become PV subject am / is / are + being + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object 15
Progressive Past They were speaking English
Subject Action Verb Object
was being spoken
AV object will become PV subject was / were + being + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object 16
1. If the AV sentence is Perfect (Present / Past / Future)
•
AV object will become PV subject
•
Appropriate verb of ‘to have’ will come
•
‘been’
will come after ‘to be’ verb
•
Past participle (V3) of root verb will come
•
‘by’
as conjunction will come
•
AV subject will become PV object
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Perfect Present They have spoken English
Subject Action Verb Object
has been spoken
AV object will become PV subject have / has + been + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object 18
Perfect Past They had spoken English
Subject Action Verb Object
had been spoken
AV object will become PV subject had + been + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object 19
Perfect Future They will have spoken English
Subject Action Verb Object
will have been spoken
AV object will become PV subject will have / shall have + been + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object 20
How will pronouns change?
• • • • • • •
Active
I We You They He She It • • • • • • • by me
Passive
by us by you by them by him by her by it 21
Modal Auxiliaries will be changes as below
• • • • • • • • • • Can Could May Might Shall Should Will Would Must Has to / have to • • • • • • • • • • Can be Could be May be Might be Shall be Should be Will be Would be Must be Has to be / have to be 22
Modal Auxuliaries
I can write a letter
can be written
AV object will become PV subject To be + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object 23
Modal Auxuliaries
We have to follow rules
have to be followed
AV object will become PV subject To be + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object 24
Transitive & Intransitive Verb
• • Verb with ‘object’ is a transitive verb.
Verb that has no object is intransitive verb •
Example
He draws a picture. (transitive) What does he draw?, ‘a picture’, so it’s an object • Birds fly (intransitive) This verb ‘fly’ has no object so it’s intransitive 25
Intransitive Sentences cannot come to passive form
Sentences without objects
1. I am going to school. 2. Birds fly in the sky 3. They are coming today 4. He is going at 5 PM
Underlined words are not object
1. Adverbial of place 2. Adverbial of place 3. Adverbial of frequency 4. Adverbial of time
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Sentence with more than one object
Sentence may have more than one object. In such cases, it can be turned into passive voice in two ways using two objects each time.
Example
I wrote a letter to my mother.
First object : a letter Second object : my mother 27
More than one object
I wrote a letter to my mother.
Ob.1
Ob.2
A letter My mother
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WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)
1. They may ban the film.
2. We corrected the mistakes.
3. Someone had stolen Narayan’s passport.
4. A mechanic is repairing my car.
5. I have written a letter to the Vice President of the Company.
6. Manners reveal character.
7. Do you expect good result?
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WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)
Subject
They may ban the film
Object
The film may be banned by them
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WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)
Subject Object
We corrected the mistakes.
The mistakes were corrected by us
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WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)
Subject Object Someone had stolen Narayan’s passport.
Narayan’s pasport had been stolen by someone 32
WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)
Subject Object
A mechanic is repairing my car.
My car is being repaired by a mechanic
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WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)
Object Subject I have written a letter to the Vice President of the Company.
A letter has been written to the vice president of the company by me 34
WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)
Subject Object I have written a letter to the Vice President of the Company.
The vice president of the company has been written a letter by me 35
WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)
Subject
Manners reveal character.
Object
Character is revealed by manners
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WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)
Subject Object
Do you expect good result?
Is good result expected by you?
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SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)
1. The monkeys threw stones at the dogs 2. The policeman will catch the thieves soon.
3. The students are writing their papers now.
4. He has forgotten a speech now.
5. The clerk information.
did not give him proper 6. My uncle was driving a car at that time.
7. He can secure the first position in the college.
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SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)
Subject Object The monkeys threw stones at the dogs Stones were thrown at the dogs by the monkeys 39
SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)
Subject Object The policeman will catch the thieves soon.
The thieves will soon be caught by the policeman 40
SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)
Subject Object The students are writing their papers now.
Students’ papers are now being written by them.
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SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)
Subject Object He has forgotten a speech now.
A speech has now been forgotten by him 42
SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)
Subject Object The clerk did not give him proper information.
He was not given proper information by the clerk 43
SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)
Subject Object The clerk did not give him proper information.
Proper information was not given to him by the clerk 44
SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)
Subject Object My uncle was driving a car at that time.
A car was being driven at that time by my uncle 45
SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)
Subject Object He can secure the first position in the college.
The first position in the college can be secured by him.
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SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c)
1. Valmiki wrote the Ramayana. 2. He has published the book recently. 3. She is making tea. 4. They will open a new shop shortly. 5. He can repair this machine. 6. We should help the poor. 7. Rama is reading a story. 47
SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c)
Subject Object Valmiki wrote the Ramayana.
The Ramayana was written by Valmiki 48
SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c)
Subject Object He has published the book recently. The book has recently been published by him 49
SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c)
Subject She is making tea.
Object Tea is being made by her 50
SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c)
Subject Object They will open a new shop shortly.
A new shop will shortly be opened by them 51
SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c)
Subject Object He can repair this machine.
This machine can be repaired by him.
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SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c)
Subject Object We should help the poor.
The poor should be helped by us 53
SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c)
Subject Rama is reading a story.
Object A story is being read by Rama 54
Active English (page no. 51 to 52)
• • • • • The book is written by him.
He was writing a book.
Himanshu was praised by his teacher.
Somebody has given him a gift.
The police will catch the criminal soon.
• • • • • He writes the book.
A book was being written by him.
Himanshu’s teacher
praised him.
A gift has been given to him by somebody.
The criminal will soon be caught by the police.
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Active English (page no. 52)
• • • • • Hema can make a cake.
She is invited to the party.
He will be called for an interview.
Kalpesh had finished his homework before you went to his house.
They are playing cricket in the ground.
• • • • • A cake can be made by Hema.
They invite her to the party.
The company will call him for an interview.
Kalpesh’s homework had been finished by him before you went to his house.
Cricket is being played by them in the ground.
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Active English (page no. 52)
• • • • • Columbus discovered America.
The children are playing cricket in the garden now.
I have written a letter to the Vice President of the Company.
Police catch thieves.
I was buying a doll for my daughter when you called me.
• • • • • America was discovered by Columbus.
Cricket is now being played by the children in the garden.
A letter has been written by me to the Vice President of the Company.
Thieves are caught by police.
A doll was being bought by me when I was called by you. 57
• • • • •
Active English (page no. 52)
You should open the door as we feel suffocated here.
She will cook the food for the guests next Sunday.
I had discovered new places in Goa before any one reached there Manners reveal character.
They refused admission to Rajat.
• • • • • The door should be opened by you as we feel suffocated here.
The food will be cooked by her for the guests next Sunday.
New places had been discovered by me in Goa before any one reached there.
Character is revealed by manners. Rajat was refused admission by them.
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Active English (page no. 53)
• • • • • I expect a good result.
The girl has given a brilliant performance on the stage.
Sachin hit eight sixes in the last ODI match.
He can secure the first position in the exam.
I am not reading a book right now.
• • • • • A good result is expected by me.
A brilliant performance has been given on the stage by the girl.
Eight sixes were hit in the last ODI match by Sachin.
The first position can be secured by him in the exam.
A book is not being read now by me.
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