Animal Interactions Responses to the biotic environment INTERSPECIFIC AGGRESSIVE Competition Predator-prey Parasite-host CO-OPERATIVE Mutualism Commensalism Antibiosis Competition Individuals of different species vie for the same resource in an ecosystem (e.g.
Download ReportTranscript Animal Interactions Responses to the biotic environment INTERSPECIFIC AGGRESSIVE Competition Predator-prey Parasite-host CO-OPERATIVE Mutualism Commensalism Antibiosis Competition Individuals of different species vie for the same resource in an ecosystem (e.g.
Animal Interactions Responses to the biotic environment INTERSPECIFIC AGGRESSIVE Competition Predator-prey Parasite-host CO-OPERATIVE Mutualism Commensalism Antibiosis Competition Individuals of different species vie for the same resource in an ecosystem (e.g. food or living space). Gause’s principle – no two species with exactly identical niches can co-exist for long in the same place competitive exclusion (one species outcompetes the other) OR adaptive radiation (one species adapts to a different niche) Predator-prey relationships • Evolution physiological & behavioural adaptations • Predator becomes a more successful predator • Prey becomes better at escaping predation Birds of prey have developed extremely good eyesight to spot prey from a distance PREDATORS 1 – PREY 0 Foxes are fast and quick-witted PREDATORS 2 – PREY 0 Lynx vs rabbit PREDATORS 3 – PREY 0 Lions hunt co-operatively PREDATORS 4 – PREY 0 Speed is very advantageous for prey animals........ PREDATORS 3 – PREY 100 Methods of getting food Let the prey come to you • Traps • Webs • Bait • Ambush • Sieves Methods of getting food Move after the prey • speed • teamwork • swarms • tools • appendages Parasite-host relationships Mosquito Ectoparasite • Endoparasite Parasitoid wasp lays eggs on caterpillar INTERSPECIFIC AGGRESSIVE Competition Predator-prey Parasite-host CO-OPERATIVE Mutualism Commensalism Antibiosis Mutualism • Bees pollinate flowers Mutualism • Tickbirds eat ticks Commensalism • Remoras attach themselves to sharks and hitch a ride, also eat leftovers Antibiosis • Large trees shading out smaller undergrowth • Animals trampling down the homes of smaller animals • Human sewage disposal “Go outside to do your business”