Transcript Evidence for Evolution Area: Examples: Pro: Vocabulary: Embryology embryo of pig and human best evidence because it is the most fundamental or basic information embryo — early stages of.

Evidence for Evolution
Area:
Examples:
Pro:
Vocabulary:
Embryology
embryo of pig and human
best evidence because it is the most
fundamental or basic information
embryo — early stages of developing
plants and animals
comparative embryology — study of
different developing organisms.
Comparative Embryology
Comparative Embryology
Evidence for Evolution
Area:
Examples:
Con:
Vocabulary:
Biochemistry
amino acid sequence of chimpanzee and
human
limited access to amino acids of past
organisms
comparative biochemistry — comparing
amino acid sequences of different organisms
Chromosome comparison
Human (H)
Chimp (C)
Chromosomes of Primates
Human (H)
Chimp (C)
Gorilla (G)
Orangutan (O)
Amino Acid Sequence for Hemoglobin Molecule
What is a Mutation?
•
A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA
sequence (ATCG) of a gene.
Mutations in a gene's DNA sequence can alter the amino
acid sequence of the protein encoded by the gene.
How does this happen?
Like words in a sentence, the DNA sequence of each gene
determines the amino acid sequence for the protein it
encodes.
• The DNA (ATCG) sequence is interpreted in groups of
three nucleotide bases, called codons.
• Each codon specifies a single amino acid in a protein.
Mutate a sentence!
We can think about the DNA sequence of a gene as a
sentence made up entirely of three-letter words. In the
sequence, each three-letter word is a codon, specifying a
single amino acid in a protein. Have a look at this sentence:
Thesunwashotbuttheoldmandidnotgethishat.
If you were to split this sentence into individual three-letter
words, you would probably read it like this:
The sun was hot but the old man did not get his hat.
This sentence represents a gene.
This sentence represents a gene.
Each letter corresponds to a nucleotide base, and each word
represents a codon. What if you shifted the three-letter
"reading frame?" You would end up with
T hes unw ash otb utt heo ldm and idn otg eth ish at.
Or
Th esu nwa sho tbu tth eol dma ndi dno tge thi sha t.
As you can see, only one of these three "reading frames“
translates into an understandable sentence. In the same
way, only one three-letter reading frame within a gene codes
for the correct protein.
Amino Acid Sequence for Hemoglobin Molecule
Evidence for Evolution
Area:
Examples:
Genetics
domesticated plants and animals; DNA sequence;
mutations
Pro:
changes easily seen in domestic plants/animals;
gene links for generation after generation
documented.
Con:
limited access to past DNA
Vocabulary:
population — all organisms within a breeding
group.
selective breeding — artificial selection of only the
most desirable traits to be bred.
Domesticated Plants and Animals
Selective (artificial) Breeding
cattle
cats
Domesticated Plants and Animals
corn
Selective (artificial) Breeding
apples
Domesticated Plants and Animals
Selective (artificial) Breeding
Certificate of Pedigree
Domesticated Plants and Animals
Selective (artificial) Breeding
Certificate of Pedigree
Certificate of Pedigree
Chromosomes of Primates
Human (H)
Chimp (C)
Gorilla (G)
Orangutan (O)
DNA Base Sequence Comparisons