Transcript WOUNDS & TYPE OF DRESSING MATERIALS PREPARED BY: MS LEE MEE LING (SRN, SON) LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of this session, the students are able.

WOUNDS & TYPE OF
DRESSING MATERIALS
PREPARED BY:
MS LEE MEE LING
(SRN, SON)
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this session, the students are able to:
1. Define what wound is.
2. Recognize different types of wound based on
their descriptions and characteristics shown.
3. Describe process of wound healing.
4. Identify commonly used dressing materials
used for wound dressing.
DEFINITION OF WOUND
Any physical injury involving a break in the skin or
tissues, usually caused by an act or accident rather
than by a disease.
TYPES OF WOUND
NO.
TERMS
1.
Intentional
wound
2.
DESCRIPTIONS /
CHARACTERISTICS
Occur during therapy eg. during
operation or venipuncture or treatment.
Unintentional Caused by accidental conditions eg. cuts
wound
or falls.
3.
Closed
wound
Traumatized tissues without a break in
the skin eg. bruises.
4.
Open
wound
Traumatized tissues with skin break or
mucous membrane surface is broken.
CONT’
Intentional wound
Open wound
Unintentional wound
Close wound
CONT’
NO.
TERMS
DESCRIPTIONS /
CHARACTERISTICS
5.
Contusion
wound
Closed wound; skin appears bruised from
damaged blood vessels. Caused by blow
from a blunt instrument.
6.
Incision
wound
Open wound; deep or swallow. Caused
by sharp instrument eg. knife or scalpel.
7.
Abrasion
wound
Open wound involving the skin. Caused
by surface scrape, either unintentional eg.
scraped knee from a fall or intentional eg.
dermal abrasion to remove birthmarks.
CONT’
Contusion wound
Incision wound
Abrasion wound
CONT’
NO.
TERMS
DESCRIPTIONS /
CHARACTERISTICS
Open wound. Caused by penetration of
the skin and often the underlying tissues
by a sharp instrument; either intentional
or unintentional.
8.
Puncture
wound
9.
Laceration
wound
10.
Penetrating Open wound. Caused by penetration of
wound
the skin and the underlying tissues,
usually unintentional eg. from a bullet or
metal fragments.
Open wound; edges are often jagged.
Caused by tissues torn apart, often from
accidents eg. machinery.
CONT’
Punctured wound
Laceration wound
Penetrating wound
CONT’
NO.
TERMS
11.
Clean wound
Uninfected wound in which minimal
inflammation is encountered and the
respiratory, alimentary, genital and urinal
tracts are not entered. Wound granulation
present.
12.
Contaminated
wound
Include open, fresh, accidental wounds and
surgical wounds involving a major break in
sterile technique or a large amount of
spillage from the gastrointestinal tract.
Contaminated wounds show evidence of
inflammation.
13.
DESCRIPTIONS / CHARACTERISTICS
Dirty /
Include wounds containing dead tissues and
Infected wound wounds with evidence of a clinical infection
eg. presence of purulent discharge or
maggots.
CONT’
Clean wound
Contaminated wound
Dirty/Infected wound
PROCESS OF WOUND HEALING
WOUNDS HEAL IN 3 PHASES:
1. Inflammation phase
- is when blood clots form,
bacteria are attacked to
prevent infection, and key
biochemical cells gather at
the site of the wound,
causing it to swell.
- inflammation begins
almost immediately after
injury, peaking at 3-5 days.
CONT’
2. Proliferation phase
- when these key cells
multiply at the wound site
to make new tissue and
blood vessels.
- open wounds generally
heal from the bottom up,
as cells multiply to fill in
the wound with new
tissue.
CONT’
3. Remodeling phase
- where the wound is
healed and the initial
scar tissue is gradually
restructured.
TYPES OF DRESSING MATERIALS
An appropriate dressing materials should provide
these functions to enhance wound healing:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Provide mechanical and bacterial protection.
Maintain a moist environment at the wound or
dressing interface.
Allow gaseous and fluid exchange.
Remain nonadherent to the wound.
Safe in use - nontoxic, nonsensitizing and nonallergic
(both to the patient and the medical personnel).
Well acceptable to the patient eg. providing pain
relief and not influencing movement.
CONT’
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Highly absorbable (for exuding wounds).
Absorb wound odor.
Sterile.
Easy to use (can be applied by medical
personnel or the patient).
Require infrequent changing (if necessary).
Available in a suitable range of forms and sizes.
Cost effective and covered by health insurance
systems.
CONT’
DRESSSING DESCRIPTION
MATERIAL
Transparent
adhesive
films/wound
barriers
Adhesive plastic,
semipermeable, nonabsorbent dressings
allow exchange of
oxygen between the
atmosphere and
wound bed. They are
impermeable to
bacteria and water.
PURPOSE
EXAMPLES
To provide
Op-Site,
Tegaderm
protection
against
contamination and
friction; to
maintain a clean
moist surface
that facilitates
cellular migration;
to provide
insulation by
preventing fluid
evaporation; and
to facilitate
wound
assessment.
CONT’
DRESSSING DESCRIPTION
MATERIAL
Impregnated
nonadherent
dressings
Woven or nonwoven
cotton or sunthetic
materials are
impregnated with
petrolatum,saline,
zinc-saline,
antimicrobials or
other agents,
Require secondary
dressings to
secure them in
place, retain
moisture and
provide wound
protection.
PURPOSE
EXAMPLES
To cover,
Jelonet,
Bactigras
soothe and
protect partial
and full
thickness
wounds
without
exudates.
CONT’
DRESSSING
MATERIAL
Hydocolloids
DESCRIPTION
Waterproof adhesive
wafers, pastes or
powders. Wafers
designed to be worn
for up to 7 days,
consist of two layers.
The inner adhesive
layer has particles
that absorb exudates
and form a hydrated
gel over the wound;
the outer film
provides a seal.
PURPOSE
EXAMPLES
Duoderm
To absorb
exudates; to
produce a moist
environment
that facilitates
healing but does
not cause
maceration of
surrounding
skin; to protect
the wound from
bacterial
contamination,
foreign debris
and urine or
feces; and to
prevent
shearing.
CONT’
DRESSSING DESCRIPTION
MATERIAL
Hydrogels
Glyserin or
water-based
nonadhesive
jellylike sheets,
granules or gels
are oxygen
permeable,
unless covered
by a plastic film.
May require
secondary
occlusive
dressing.
PURPOSE
EXAMPLES
Aquasorb
To liquiefy
necrotic
tissue or
slough,
rehydrate the
wound bed
and fill in
dead space.
CONT’
DRESSSING DESCRIPTION
MATERIAL
Polyurethane
foams
Nonadherent
hydrocolloid
dressings; these
need to have their
edges taped down
or sealed. Require
secondary
dressings to obtain
an occlusive
environment.
Surrounding skin
must be protected
to prevent
maceration.
PURPOSE
To absorb
light to
moderate
amounts of
exudates; to
debride
wounds.
EXAMPLES
Lyofoam, Allevyn
CONT’
DRESSSING DESCRIPTION
MATERIAL
Exudate
absorbers
(alginates)
Nonadherent
dressings of
powder, beads or
granules, ropes,
sheets or paste
conform to the
wound surface and
absorb up to 20
times their weight
in exudates;
require a
secondary
dressing.
PURPOSE
EXAMPLES
Kaltostat
To provide a
moist wound
surface by
interacting
with exudates
to form a
gelatinous
mass; to
absorb
exudates; to
eliminate dead
space or pack
wounds and to
support
debridement.
DRESSING MATERIALS construction and design
THANK YOU
&
HAPPY LEARNING