Transcript Demonstrate knowledge of body structure and function related to performance of physical activity, through… Understanding Basic anatomical features Body Structure and Function Skeletal system Body.

Demonstrate knowledge of body structure and function related to
performance of physical activity, through…
Understanding Basic anatomical features
Body Structure and Function
Skeletal system
Body Structure
and Function
Muscular system
Cardiovascular system
Other factors that influence human
movement and action include:
-Biomechanical factors
- Improving fitness
Respiratory system
What are the functions of the human skeleton?
To help understand this, let’s look at some of the activities we can do?
List an example of a competitive sport / activity for each letter of the
alphabet.
E.g. A = Archery
Group each activity according to the type of movement associated with
it. Some activities will fit under more than one heading.
E.g. Pulling the arm back – Archery, Javelin …
So far we have listed a range of ACTIONS.
One of the functions of the human skeleton is to allow MOVEMENT
What other functions does the human skeleton have?
Imagine a body WITHOUT a skeleton!
Are there any other functions of the human skeleton?
What roles do the skull and rib-cage have?
Many of the bones of the human skeleton are long and hollow.
Bone-marrow is a soft, fatty tissue found inside of bones that produces blood cells (red
blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets). Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout
the body. White blood cells act to ward off infection. Platelets aid in blood-clotting.
The human skeleton serves one other function?
The skeleton also stores minerals such as calcium.
Functions of the Skeleton
Functions of the Skeleton
Movement
Support
Protection
Blood cell formation
Storage
How does each of the functions relate to performance in physical
activity?
Protection…
Vital organs are protected from
impact forces such as a crash on
your bike or collision with another
person / object.
Support…
The skeleton provides support for
soft tissues to attach to, giving your
body shape. E.g. attachment for
muscles
Blood cell formation…
Red blood cells are important in
transporting oxygen rich blood to
muscles to help fuel them.
The more oxygen we get to our
muscles the more potential fuel our
muscles have to work with.
Storage of minerals…
Minerals such as calcium help us
produce strong bones.
Strong bones are important in
overuse injuries in repetitive and
continuous activity such as
multisport and also in contact
sports.
Movement…
The skeleton provides levers & joints
that allow movement to occur
The type of bone / joint is related to
the degree of movement possible.
Long bones. E.g. …..
Short bones. E.g. …..
Irregular bones. E.g. …..
Flat bones. E.g. …..
Types of joints….
The 5 functions of the skeleton are:
Label the bones of the human body.
The Human Skeleton
The Human Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
 Axial Skeleton
Parts of the skeleton associated with
locomotion / movement
Forms the central axis of the body
Parts of the skeleton associated
with central support and
protection
Group each of the bones under the axial and appendicular skeleton
The Human Skeleton
Group each of the bones under the axial and appendicular skeleton
The Human Skeleton
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
The spine is divided into 5 regions.
How does the size of the vertebrae relate to their position and the degree of weight
bearing and movement required?
The range and freedom of movement/action depends on the type of
joint involved – the more stable a joint, the less movement occurs
through it.
Types of Joints
Ball & Socket
Examples are the hip and shoulder
Movement occurs in all directions
Types of Joints
Hinge Joint
Examples are the elbow and knee
(the knee is a modified hinge joint as
there is slight rotation)
Movement occurs in 2 directions in
one plane – forwards & backwards
Types of Joints
Pivot Joint
Examples are the neck (where the
atlas pivots around the axis at the
top of the spine) and the radioulner
joint below the elbow joint (allows
lower arm to rotate)
You need to be able to discuss the type of movement associated with
various joints in the human body and relate this to specific sporting
examples.
Types of Movement
Flexion
Bending a joint so the bones on
either side of the joint are drawn
together
Examples include elbow flexion,
knee flexion, hip flexion, …
Types of Movement
Extension
Straightening a joint so the bones
on either side of the joint are drawn
apart
Examples include elbow extension,
knee extension, hip extension, …
Types of Movement
Abduction
Moving the bone away from the
mid-line of the body
(when someone is abducted they are
‘taken away’).
Examples include abduction of the
arm as it is drawn out to the side of
the body, abduction of the leg.
Types of Movement
Adduction
Moving the bone towards the midline of the body
(adduction is adding to the mid-line
of the body).
Examples include adduction of the
arm as it is drawn in to the side of
the body, abduction of the leg.
Types of Movement
Plantar Flexion
Pointing the toes downwards
Examples in sport include diving,
gymnastics, acceleration in
sprinting, jumping in volleyball, …
Types of Movement
Dorsi-Flexion
Pulling the toes upwards towards
the tibia
Types of Movement
Pronation
Pronation is a rotational movement
of the forearm at the radioulnar
joint. (Pronation also occurs in the
foot.)
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Types of Movement
Supination
Supination: Rotation of the forearm
and hand so that the palm is up (and
the corresponding movement of the
foot and leg with the sole up).
Label the muscles indicated on the photo above.
For each muscle give 2 examples of actions it is responsible for?
•
E.g. Abdominals are responsible for a sit up and a ‘pike’ in a dive.