Chapter 2: Parts of Speech

Nouns, Pronouns, Adjectives

Section 1: Types of Nouns 9/15/11

• A noun is a word or word group that is used to name a person, a place, a thing, or an idea. Person Place Thing Idea Alice Walker, Dr. Lacy, women, team forest, town, Atlanta, Grand Rapids jewelry, rain, pets, Eiffel Tower fairness, honesty, beauty, care, love • There are six (6) types of nouns we will talk about in this chapter.

Section 1: Types of Nouns 9/15/11

• • A common noun names any one group of persons, places, things or ideas. – A common noun does not begin with a capital letter.

• Ex. poem, country, athlete, ship, newspaper, river, street, day, city, organization.

A proper noun names a particular person, place, thing, or idea. – A proper noun begins with a capital letter.

• Ex. “The Raven,” I am Joaquin (poems) • Ex. Spain, United States of America (countries) • Ex. Ohio River, Mississippi River (rivers)

Section 1: Types of Nouns 9/15/11

• A compound noun is made up 0f two or more words used together to represent one idea. – The parts of a compound noun may be written as one word, separate words, or as a hyphenated word. • Examples: One Word Separate Hyphenated basketball, filmmaker, doghouse, chalkboard fire drill, chain reaction, Thomas Edison, North Americans self-control, fund-raiser, mother-in-law, eighteen-year-olds

Section 1: Types of Nouns 9/15/11

• A concrete noun names a person, place, or thing that can be perceived by one or more of the senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell). – In simplistic terms, a concrete noun is something you can touch, see, hear, smell, or taste. • Examples: hummingbird, telephone, teacher, popcorn, ocean, Golden Gate Bridge, Manchester Middle School

Section 1: Types of Nouns 9/15/11

• An abstract noun names an idea, a feeling, a quality, or a characteristic.

– In simplistic terms, an abstract noun is something you can NOT touch, see, hear, smell, or taste. • Examples: knowledge, patriotism, love, humor, confidence, competition, tranquility.

Section 1: Types of Nouns 9/15/11

• A collective noun is a word that names a group.

– It is one word that stands for a group of people or things.

People

audience chorus committee crew faculty family

Animals

brood flock herd litter pack pride

Things

batch bundle cluster collection fleet set

In Class Practice

Correctly identify each underlined word as the type of noun it is.

1. Every day, huge crowds visit the Lincoln Memorial, which is in Washington, D.C. 2. The memorial is a beautiful setting not far from two other presidential monuments and the Capitol. 3. The Lincoln Memorial is separated from the Jefferson Memorial by the Tidal Basin.

4. The Lincoln Memorial was designed by a noted architect of the time, Henry Bacon. 5. The gigantic statue of Lincoln, designed by the sculptor Daniel Chester French, was carved from blocks of white marble.

Homework:

• • • • Complete the worksheets. They should be fairly easy. Take your time.

READ THE DIRECTIONS!

• Worksheets due

Monday, 9/19/11

Chapter 2: Parts of Speech Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives Day 2: Pronouns

Section 2: Pronouns Sept 20, 2011 • A pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns. It can also replace another pronoun.

– Ex. When Kelly saw the signal, Kelly pointed the signal out to Enrique.

– When Kelly saw the signal, she pointed it out to Enrique.

• She replaces Kelly and it replaces signal.

Section 2: Pronouns Sept 20, 2011 • The word that the pronoun stands for is called the antecedent.

– antecedent pronoun Ex. Elena read the book and returned it to the library.

– antecedent pronoun Ex. The models bought themselves new dresses. – antecedent pronoun pronoun Ex. Catherine told her father she would be late.

Section 2: Pronouns Sept 20, 2011 • • We are going to cover seven (7) types of pronouns. The first one is: A personal pronoun refers to the one speaking (first person), the one spoken to (second person), and the one spoken about (third person) First Person Second Person Third Person

Personal Pronouns

I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours you, your, yours He, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, their, theirs

Section 2: Pronouns Sept 20, 2011 • • A demonstrative pronoun points out a person, place, thing, or idea. Be careful! These words could be disguised as pronouns, but actually be adjectives!

this

Demonstrative Pronouns

that these those Ex. Used as a PN: These are the names of the volunteers.

Ex. Used as an ADJ: These volunteers are very kind people (describing the volunteers)

Section 2: Pronouns Sept 20, 2011 • • An interrogative pronoun introduces a question.

Think logically! What are words that introduce questions?

what

Interrogative Pronouns

which who whom whose Ex. Who brought me lunch for my birthday?

Ex. What would you like me to make for dinner?

Homework!

• • • This week, while we’re finishing up chapter 2, you will have quite a bit of homework. Pace yourself and work hard to get it done. All of the worksheets will be due Friday (even the ones you get Thursday). You’ll receive them all today.

Next week’s homework will be less as we prepare for the test on Wednesday.

Homework!

• • FOLLOW DIRECTIONS!

For tonight, complete: – 1-16 Demonstrative Pronouns (top of page 65) – 1-25 on the back (page 70) • Hang on to this worksheet as the bottom (Indefinite Pronouns) will be homework tomorrow!

Section 2: Pronouns (Cont’d) Section 3: Pronouns Sept 21, 2011 Sept 21, 2011 • •

Take out your notebooks and title them.

Please be sure to put the (Cont’d) so I don’t mark a section missing in your notebooks.

Section 3: Pronouns (Cont’d) Sept 21, 2011 • • A relative pronoun introduces a subordinate clause.

A subordinate clause is a phrase that begins with a relative pronoun and provides description (acts as an adjective) for the antecedent.

that which

Relative Pronouns

who whom whose Ex. The test, which had many easy questions, took a short time to complete.

Ex. Ray Charles is a performer who had many hit

recordings.

Section 3: Pronouns (Cont’d) Sept 21, 2011 • A indefinite pronoun refers to a person, place, thing, or idea that may or may not be specifically named.

Common Indefinite Pronouns

all both everything neither other another each few nobody several any anybody anyone anything each other either everybody everyone many more most much none no one nothing one some somebody someone something • • Ex: No one called for the pizza. Ex: I didn’t have any homework.

Section 3: Pronouns (Cont’d) Sept 21, 2011

Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns

These two types share the same pronouns, but it depends on how it’s used that makes it either type.

A reflexive pronoun refers to the subject of the sentence and functions as a complement or an object of a preposition.

An intensive pronoun emphasizes a noun or another pronoun.

Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns

First Person Second Person Third Person myself, ourselves yourself, yourselves himself, herself, itself, themselves

Section 3: Pronouns (Cont’d) Sept 21, 2011

Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns

Reflexive Pronouns- we need it!

The rescuers did not consider

themselves

heroes. [direct object] Juan wrote

himself

a note. [indirect object] She is acting like

herself

again. [predicate nominative] I don’t feel like

myself

. [object of the preposition] Intensive Pronouns- we don’t!

Amelia designed the costumes

herself

.

I

myself

sold more than fifty tickets.

Mark painted the whole house

himself

.

Brief Review on Pronouns

• • • • • • • Personal- deals with people (I, me, him, her, etc.) Demonstrative- points something out (that, this, those, these) Interrogative- introduces a question (who, what, which) Relative- introduces a subordinate clause (that, which, who) Indefinite- refers to someone/thing not specific (any, all, every, some, many) Reflexive- complements the subject (himself, myself, herself) Intensive- intensifies the noun (himself, myself, herself)

Any Questions?!

Tomorrow: Adjectives!

Homework!

• • • Tonight, you have 2 worksheets and the bottom of page 65 from yesterday (again, all due FRIDAY) Complete the bottom portion (Indefinite Pronouns) on page 65 #1-16 as well as BOTH pages 27 #1-10 (Personal, Reflexive, and Intensive) and 67 #1-26 (Relative Pronouns).

All of this combined should take about 30 minutes. Follow all directions.

Section 3: Adjectives

-OR-

Section 4: Adjectives 9/22/11 9/22/11

If you titled yesterday’s notes as Section 2: Pronouns Cont’d, then title today’s as Section 3… If you titled yesterday’s notes as Section 3: Pronouns, then title today’s as Section 4…

Section 3: Adjectives Section 4: Adjectives 9/22/11 9/22/11

• • An adjective is a word used to modify a noun or pronoun.

– To modify means to describe or make more definite Adjectives answer four (4) questions about the noun: – Which one?

– What kind?

– How much?

– How many?

Section 3: Adjectives Section 4: Adjectives 9/22/11 9/22/11

Demonstrative Adjectives are words used to show and describe a particular noun. *(When they take

the place of the noun, they are pronouns)*.

ADJ:

Did Jessica win this trophy or that one?

PN:

Did Jessica win this or that?

ADJ:

These flags are much more colorful than those banners.

PN:

These are much more colorful than those.

Section 3: Adjectives Section 4: Adjectives 9/22/11 9/22/11

Proper Adjectives are based off of proper nouns, but used to describe. Ex. Canadian flag Ex. Chinese Calendar Ex. Islamic Law Ex. Obama administration Ex. New Jersey coast Ex. American food

• • • • • • • • • • • • •

Section 3: Adjectives Section 4: Adjectives 9/22/11 9/22/11

There are twelve major categories of adjectives. COLOR: blue, red, green, brown, yellow, black, white, etc.

SIZE: big, small, little, long, tall, short, same as SHAPE: round ( a ball ), circle (a door knob), triangle, rectangle ( a flag) DISTANCE: long, short, far, around, start, high, low FEELINGS OR QUALITIES: good, pretty, right, good, old, better, best, full, funny, light, clean, new, fast, happy, sad, crooked, straight, noisy, quiet QUANTITY: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, ten, many, few, all TEMPERATURE: cold, warm, hot, cool TIME: late, early, bed, nap, dinner, lunch, day, morning, night NATIONALITY or ORIGIN: American, Mexican, Islamic, Chinese MATERIAL: wooden, sharp, paper, cloth AGE: new, old, young, child, adult, baby, teenage PURPOSE: (These adjectives usually end in /ing/) sleeping bag, frying pan, swinging door

Any Questions?!

Tomorrow: Spelling Test/ Homework DUE!

Don’t forget!

• You have four (4) worksheets (and Spelling) that are due to me tomorrow.

– Your pronoun worksheets (x3) and tonight’s adjectives worksheet (x1).

– Start studying this weekend!