Fascism in Italy

BIG Idea: Economic and political chaos caused by WWI and the Great Depression led many Europeans to support powerful dictators during the 1920s and 1930s.

Totalitarianism

Italy, Germany, and Russia went from the total war of WWI to gov’ts aimed at total control over every aspect of citizen’s lives.

 Gov’ts kept sweeping wartime powers permanantly.

Dissatisfaction in Italy

Didn’t get new territory after WWI Economic downturn  Mass unemployment

Benito Mussolini

Italian fascist dictator Offered something for everyone.

 Protection of property for the owners.

 Employment for the workers.

Promised to restore the glory of ancient Rome. (Nationalism) Used violence to gain power.

What is fascism?

Fasci: a symbol for power used in the Roman Empire.

Fascism

Glorification of the state, subjugation of the individual.

Single-party system with a strong ruler.

 Anti-democratic Protects private property and the class system.

Assignment: Fascism in Italy

ELT: Compare and contrast the characteristics of various political systems throughout history.

What was Mussolini’s rule like in Italy?

“Fascism in Italy”  Reading and Crossword

Fascism in Germany

Weimar Republic

After defeat in WWI, the German Kaiser abdicated and a democratic republic was formed.

 1919-1933 Political instability: many distrusted Weimar leaders who accepted the treaty of Versailles.

 “Stab in the Back” Theory

Economic instability: WWI blockade and reparations made the depression even worse in Germany.

 Hyper inflation: Gov’t printed more and more money.

Nazis

National Socialist German Workers Party

 (NSDAP)  Who does this name try to appeal to?

Hitler

Blamed Jews and Communists for defeat in WWI.

Wanted to unite all Germans as the “master race” to rule the world.

Voted into power with his promise to end unemployment and restore German military might.

Hitler in Power

Used violence to consolidate power.

 Brownshirts (S.A.): private army  Gestapo: secret police Ended democracy and most personal freedoms.

Regulated the economy.

Propaganda

Stressed militarism and devotion to the state and it’s leader.

Modern, Mass Prop.: Press, radio, & movies.

Hitler Youth: indoctrinating children to the Nazis.

Early Jewish Policy

Stripped of citizenship in 1935.

Kristalnacht: physical attacks and destruction of property in 1938.

Sent to concentration camps.

Destruction of a Jewish business on Kristalnacht.

Jews arrested during Kristallnacht line up for roll call at Buchenwald concentration camp.

Assignment: Mein Kampf Reading

ELT: Giving examples of how philosophical beliefs have influenced various aspects of society throughout history.

How does totalitarianism seek to control citizen’s thoughts?

 Let’s take a look at Hitler’s views on propaganda as stated in “Mein Kampf.”

Works Cited

Broken Shop Windows

. 1938. USHMM Photo Archive. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. .

Children Playing with Money

. Private collection. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. .

Dollar Toilet

. Private collection. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. .

eugeniusz, .

Unknown Kitler

. 2006. Private collection. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. .

Ewiger Jude Film

. 1940. Private collection. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. .

Farah, Mounir A., and Andrea B. Karls.

World History The Human Experience

. New York: Glencoe/McGraw Hill, 1999. 781-86. Print.

Fasci

. Private collection. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. .

Flag of the Weimar Republic

e_minister_1921).svg>. . Private collection. Web. 10 Mar. 2010.

Hitler eating watermelon

. Private collection. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. .

Hitler head bob

. Private collection. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. .

Lincoln Memorial Fascia

. Private collection. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. .

Mussolini and Hitler

. Private collection. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. .

NAF, .

Just wait till your Fuhrer gets home!

Private collection. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. .

Nazi Child

. Private collection. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. .

Nazi Propaganda Poster

. Private collection. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. .

Nazi Swastika

. 2008. Private collection. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. .

Nuremberg Laws Chart

. USHMM Photo Archives. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. .

Schmuhl, Lorenz C.

Jews arrested during Kristallnacht line up for roll call at Buchenwald

. 1938. USHMM Archives. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. .