Transcript WORKSHOP ON AGRICULTURAL INVENTORIES AND PROJECTIONS EEA, COPENHAGEN 27-28 FEBRUARY 2003 SPANISH INVENTORY - AGRICULTURAL SECTOR: CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS OF MOST SIGNIFICANT PARAMETERS Antonio Ferreiro1

WORKSHOP ON AGRICULTURAL INVENTORIES AND PROJECTIONS
EEA, COPENHAGEN 27-28 FEBRUARY 2003
SPANISH INVENTORY - AGRICULTURAL SECTOR:
CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS
OF MOST SIGNIFICANT PARAMETERS
Antonio Ferreiro1 and Juan José Rincón
Technical Assistance Team
for Emission Inventories
Under Contract to the Spanish Ministry of the Environment
1) Co-ordinator. Corresponding author: [email protected]
TABLE 1.a
ANIMAL CATEGORIES FROM LIVESTOCK SURVEYS (1 )
CATTLE
Animals less than 12 months
Others
For
slaughter
Females
Males
Number of animals 1990
Number of animals 2001
Mean weight (kg/head)
Stabled/Grazing
Volatile solids (kg/head year)
N excreted (kg N/head year)
Males
Number of animals 1990
Number of animals 2001
Mean weight (kg/head)
Stabled/Grazing
Volatile solids (kg/head year)
N excreted (kg N/head year)
69.336
114.820
817,1
Grazing
2.693,5
50
483.584
502.717
196,5
Grazing
1.725,6
15
Animals from 12 to 24 months
Females
Males
For
For
slaughter breeding
481.133
33.919
87.651
565.096
71.216
170.241
472,7
455,4
576,0
Grazing
Stabled
St./Gr.
3.920,8
3.033,5
3.793,3
30
30
30
745.622
1.392.471
212,5
Stabled
547,3
15
301.552
249.569
191,1
Grazing
1.677,6
15
For
slaughter
11.769
20.840
571,6
Grazing
803,6
50
Animals more than 24 months
Females
Calved
Non calved
Dairy
Dairy
Non Dairy
Others
Frisians
Others
Frisians
261.685
1.348.855
80.951
12.096
64.838
62.699
1.086.345
157.051
4.134
61.784
573,9
650
574,9
574,3
650
Stabled
Stabled
Grazing
Grazing
Grazing
1.613,1
1.875,3
2.729,5
1.177,4
1.292,0
70
70
50
70
70
(1): 1 survey per year for ovine; 2 surveys per year for cattle; 3 surveys per year for swine.
Note: Decimal separator used “,” instead of “.”.
Non Dairy
1.096.200
1.915.690
579
Grazing
1.270,1
50
TABLE 1.b
ANIMAL CATEGORIES FROM LIVESTOCK SURVEYS
SHEEP
Female for breeding
Never lambed
Lambs
Studs
Lambed
Non
covered
Covered
once
Milked
Non
Milked
Number of animals 1990
4.602.914
455.131
1.355.963
1.656.760
3.155.359
12.810.890
Number of animals 2001
4.133.764
518.756
1.153.017
1.608.115
3.148.586
13.738.426
Mean weight (kg/head)
7/15/24
65,1
35,3
45,6
48,1
44,8
Stabled/Grazing
St./Gr.
St./Gr.
St./Gr.
St./Gr.
St./Gr.
St./Gr.
12
12
Volatile solids (kg/head year)
N excreted (kg N/head year)
TIER 1
6
12
12
12
TABLE 1.c
ANIMAL CATEGORIES FROM LIVESTOCK SURVEYS
SWINE
Piglet
Swines for slaughter
Swine
from 20 to From 50 to From 80 to From 110
49 kg l.w. 79 kg l.w. 109 kg l.w.
kg l.w.
Number of animals 1990
4.734.421
4.162.291
3.530.363
2.030.010
483.162
Number of animals 2001
6.945.655
5.360.820
4.996.026
3.761.343
1.130.545
Mean weight (kg/head)
8
34,5
64,5
94,5
152
St./Gr.
St./Gr.
St./Gr.
St./Gr.
St./Gr.
Volatile solids (kg/head year)
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
N excreted (kg N/head year)
8
8
8
16
16
Stabled/Grazing
Breeder more than 50 kg l.w.
Sows
Boar
Never farrowed
Farrowed
Non
covered
Covered
Covered
Non
covered
Number of animals 1990
106.195
160.778
217.168
1.007.266
560.734
Number of animals 2001
103.326
216.495
238.377
1.548.260
696.976
Mean weight (kg/head)
159.5
80
140
170
200
St./Gr.
St./Gr.
St./Gr.
St./Gr.
St./Gr.
Volatile solids (kg/head year)
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
N excreted (kg N/head year)
16
16
16
16
16
Stabled/Grazing
TABLE 2
AGRICULTURAL LANDS
Crops
Permanent crops
Grain cereals
Industrial crops
Tubercles
Pulses
Vegetables
Forage crops
TOTAL
Number
of crops
25
9
10
2
9
35
14
104
Surface (103 ha.) (2001)
Coverage
Examples of crops
Non
Of which: N fixing
Fertilized
crops
fertilized Fixing crops
1.980
1.817
NO Citrus Fruits, Olives, Vines, …
6.140
656
NO Barley, Maize, Wheat, …
744
419
3 Soybeans Cane sugar, tobacco, sunflower, …
109
12
NO Potatoes, Other Tubercles.
228
228
456
ALL Lentil, Chick Pea, …
354
60
97
3(1) Cabbage, tomato, lettuce, …
153
968
584
7(2) Lucerne, common vetch, …
9.708
4.160
1.140
20
There are several natural land types which are included in SNAP 10 to take account of N 2O and NH 3 emissions coming from N excretion of grazing
animals; NMVOC emissions from these natural lands are under SNAP 1104.
(1): Green bean, green pea & tick bean.
(2): Lucerne, clover, esparcet, sulla, common vetch, other forage pulses & polyfite meadows.
Other agricultural and natural lands
Meadow (Praderas)
Pasture (Pastizal)
Fallow land (Barbecho)
Scrub (Monte Abierto)
Mediterranean low vegetation (Monte leñoso)
Grassland (Erial a pastos)
TOTAL
Surface
(103 ha.) (2001)
743
4.802
2.706
3.335
3.693
3.723
19.002
TABLE 3
AWMS (%) NATIONAL INVENTORY vs. DEFAULT IPCC (WESTERN EUROPE)
Animal
Non Dairy Cattle
Liquid/slurry
%
Equation
national
inventor.
0.75
Dairy Cattle
Poultry
Sheep
Swine
Goat
Equine
100  p   20
100
15
0
0.75
100  p   20
100

100  p   90
0.75
100
0
7,5
Animal
Non Dairy Cattle
Dairy Cattle
Poultry
Sheep
Swine
Goat
Equine
%
IPCC
W.E.
2,4
55
15
0
46
13
1,5
0
62
77
0
7,5
0
0
Drylot
%
Equation
national
inventor.
0.75
100  p   80
100
59
75
0.75
100  p   80
100

100  p   10
0.75
100
0
30
Pasture
% N % IPCC
Equation
excreted W.E.
P
84,3
33
0
0
8
0
0
2
P
90,1
87
P
8,1
0
100
100
87
50
50
96
%
IPCC
W.E.
Daily spread
%
Equation
national
inventor.
%
IPCC
W.E.
9,4
2
0.25  100  p 
3,9
0
59
75
21
1
25
25
25
25
24
0
5,9
2
0.25  100  p 
2,5
0
6,9
23
0.25  100  p 
23
0
0
30
2
0
0
12,5
0
12,5
0
0
Others
%N
% IPCC
Equation
excreted W.E.
0
0
10
1
1
1
0
0
84
0
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
11
0
0
4
P is the percentage of animal on pasture.
The manure allocation to AWMS is differentiated for the various animal subcategories. The allocation percentage is weighted by N excretion, not by
number of heads. The percentages of manure allocation to AWMS are being revised with data from new field studies.
TABLE 4
SMOOTHING FUNCTIONS BY TEMPERATURE
The discretised IPCC MCFs factors by climatic region have been smoothly adjusted by a function that depends on temperature (anchorage
temperatures: 10ºC for cool, 20ºC for temperate, 28ºC for warm). A similar smoothing function has been applied to manure management
regarding organic compounds default emissions factors.
The adopted smoothed function for MCF is as follows:
MCF (t )  MCF (10)  b  (10  t ) m
where:
=
MCF(t)
b, m
=
Emission factor at t temperature.
Parameters depending on the manure management system.
PARAMETERS “b” AND “m” FOR THE ESTIMATE OF MCF BY TEMPERATURE
Pasture
Daily spread
Solid storage
Dry lot
Liquid systems
Anaerobic lagoon
Pit Storage (< 1month)
Pit Storage (> 1month)
Anaerobic digester
Burned for fuel
Cool
1
0,1
1
1
39
0-100
0
39
0-100
10
Temperate
1,5
0,5
1,5
1,5
45
0-100
0
45
0-100
10
Warm
2
1
2
5
72
0-100
30
72
0-100
10
m
1,179
1,380
1,179
3,538
2,900
b
0,033
0,017
0,033
0,0001
0,008
1,636
2,900
1
0,008
0
0
TABLE 5
VS FOR SWINE: ALTERNATIVE W EIGHTED FACTOR
Assuming vs. IPCC default value is 0.5 kg/head day for a 82 kg swine.
Alternatively, a VS weighted factor could be derived assuming a linear relation between VS and Animal Weight, where
0,5 kg/head*day VS  82 kg. animal weight (1)
Mean weight (1),(2) Weighted factor (1)
(kg)
(kg/ head day)
Subcategory
Piglet
8,0
0,0488
34,5
0,2104
64,5
0,3933
94,5
0,5762
From 110 kg
152,0
0,9268
Boar
159,5
0,9730
80,0
0,4878
Covered
140,0
0,8537
Not covered
170,0
1,0366
Covered
200,0
1,2195
Swine from 20 to 49 kg
From 50 to 79 kg
Swines for slaughter From 80 to 109 kg
Breeder more than
50 kg
Sows
Never
farrowed
Farrowed
(1): MAPA-WG on GHG&NB.
(2): All weights involved are live weight.
Not covered
TABLE 6
N EXCRETION IN ANIMAL SUBCATEGORIES
Several N excretion budgets has been considered. In CRF submission 2003, based essentially, as well as submission 2002, in “Near East and
Mediterranean” the age adjustment factor, table 4.14 of IPCC Good Practices, has been revised for swine 50-79 kg from adult to juvenile
segment.
There are presently several studies in process to select the most appropriate N excretion budgets.
ANIMAL
Number of
Animals
6.945.655
Piglets
5.360.820
Swine from 20 to 49 kg l.w.
4.996.026
From 50 to 79 kg l.w.
Swine for
3.761.343
From 80 to 109 kg l.w.
slaughter
1.130.546
From 110 kg l.w.
103.327
Boar
216.495
Not
covered
Never
Breeder more
farrowed Covered
238.378
than 50 kg
Sows
l.w.
1.548.261
Not covered
Farrowed
696.977
Covered
TOTAL 24.997.827
CRF submission 2002
CRF submission 2003
Alternative option considered
Near East and Medit.
Near East and Medit. (revised)
kg
kg
kg
Mean
Mean
Mean
N/head Kg N/year
N/head Kg N/year
N/head Kg N/year
value
value
value
year
year
year
8,00
55.565.240
1,19
8.265.330
8,00
55.565.243
8,00
42.886.560
5,76
30.878.325
8,00
42.886.563
16,00
79.936.416
8,50
42.466.221
8,00
39.968.208
16,00
60.181.488
8,50
31.971.416
16,00
60.181.488
16,00
18.088.736
8,50
9.609.637
16,00
18.088.728
12,06
6,60
10,46
16,00
1.653.232
18,00
1.859.880
16,00
1.653.227
16,00
3.463.920
14,79
3.201.961
16,00
3.463.920
16,00
3.814.048
14,79
3.525.606
16,00
3.814.043
16,00
24.772.176
14,79
22.898.775
16,00
24.772.171
16,00
11.151.632
14,79
10.308.285
16,00
11.151.627
301.513.448
164.985.435
261.545.216
115%/+15%
63%/-37%
100%/0%
The age interval of swine subcategories are not precisely delimited and so it’s possible that other subcategories could be reallocated from adult
to juvenile (or viceversa).
TABLE 7
NH3 EMISSIONS FROM ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
Ratio
N excretion in housing
Emission in housing
N in outside storage
Emission in outside storage
N available for landspreading
… of which mineral N
Emission of landspreading
Total ammonia emission
12%
6%
50%
40%
kg N
kg NH3
100901 Dairy Cattle
60
7,2
8,7
52,8
3,17
3,8
49,63
24,82
9,93
12,1
28,5
Source: EMEP-CORINAIR Guidebook (B1090-30).
The factors are expressed directly on the basis of the nitrogen excreted, by calculating the factors in the table above over and over for each
phase of the generation-handling-application.
Three stages of handling-application: Stabulation, Storage and Fertilization.
The factor in grazing is calculated starting in the stage “N available for landspreading”(1). The factor in stabled is the sum of the stages
Stabulation and Storage.
Animal
Asses
Poultry
Non-dairy cattle
Horses
Goats
Mules
Other poultry
Sheeps
Swines
Dairy cattle
(1): MAPA-WG on GHG&NB.
Grazing
0,1000
0,2000
0,1000
0,1000
0,1000
0,1000
0,2000
0,2000
Stabled
0,1728
0,2320
0,1728
0,1728
0,1540
0,1728
0,2240
0,1540
0,2198
0,1728
Fertilization
0,0827
0,1536
0,1654
0,0827
0,0846
0,0827
0,1552
0,0846
0,1560
0,1654
TABLE 8
PATHS OF N INPUTS TO SOILS AND N2O EMISSION WAYS
(Figures in tonnes of N)
N
incorporated
to soils
2.159.878
N2O-N
direct
from animal
production
N2O-N
direct
1.465.755 68%
FSN
Inorganic
fertilizers
kg
inorganic
fertilizers
337.821 16%
FAW
999.241 46%
FBN
44.630
312.917 15%
N in manure
applied to
soils
(no pasture)
Number of
animals
N excreted
AWMS
(1): Plus N in compost and sludge.
N2O-N
indirect
N in
compost
and sludge
N fixed
by pulse
kg compost
produced
Ha
yields
FCR
2%
108.967
N from
pasture
lands
N in crop
residues
Ha
Ha
yields
356.302 16%
AD
5%
16% 356.302
N excreted
by pasture
animals
Number of
animals
N excreted
AWMS
Inorganic
fertilizers
kg
inorganic
fertilizers
L-R
294.288
N in manure
applied to
soils(1)
Number of
animals
N excreted
AWMS
5%
TABLE 9
PROPOSED REVISIONS IPCC EQUATIONS: FAW A ND FRAC GASM
There are several proposals to revise the basic IPCC formulae.
The formula for FAW could be corrected to subtract the N amount emitted as N 2O and NH 3 in the manure management
phases.
FAW  N EX  (1  Frac GRAZ )  (1  FracN 2 O( AWMS )  FracNH 3 ( AWMS ) )  (1  Frac GASM )
where
FracN 2O (AWMS)
=
Fraction of N emitted as N 2O during housing and storage.
FracNH 3(AWMS)
=
Fraction of N emitted as NH 3 during housing and storage.
The default IPCC value for FracGASM (20%) could be replaced by the implicit emission factor derived from direct NO X
and NH 3 emissions in manure management.
FIELD BURNING: “N” and “C” RELATED GASES
N in crops is derived from the Nitrogen Balance in Agriculture, and so emissions of N related gases (NO X , N 2O) can be
estimated without resort to N/C ratio.
For C related gases, CH 4, CO and NMVOC, IPCC methodology depends on data of table 4-17 (Guidelines). But as
table 4.17 is not completely filled, so emissions of C -gases cannot be calculated for many crops. The completion of this
data table would help improve the inventory completeness.
TABLE 10
METHODOLOGY FOR THE CALCULATION
OF THE NITROGEN EXTRACTION BY THE CROPS (B.N.A.E.)(1)
MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM
EXTRACTION (kg/t)
MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM
YIELD (t/ha)
FOR EACH CROP
PROVINCIAL
YIELDS
(t/ha)
PROVINCIAL
PRODUCTIONS
NITROGEN EXTRACTION
COEFFICIENTS FOR EACH
CROP AND PROVINCE (kg/t)
EXTRACTED NITROGEN DISTRIBUTION
CROP/REST (Plant;stubble and roots)
CROP (fruit) / REST (Leaves; Wood; Roots)
EXTRACTED N DESTINATION
(Retired, Pastured,
Burned or Residual)
TOTAL NITROGEN
EXTRACTION
FOR EACH CROP
AND PROVINCE
FRACTIONS OF RETIRED
NITROGEN AND RESIDUE
% RETIRED CROP % PASTURE
% BURNING % RESIDUE
RETIRED N / PASTURED N / BURNING N / RESIDUAL N
(crop, crops group and total)
(1): MAPA-WG on GHG&NB.