Transcript Iodine It is important for two reasons :1- It has pharmacological actions :- fibrolytic agent , expectorant and bactericidal agent . 2- It.

Iodine
It is important for two reasons :1- It has pharmacological actions :- fibrolytic
agent , expectorant and bactericidal agent .
2- It has a biochemical role in thyroid hormons
formation. It is essential for the synthesis of two
thyroid hormons .
Iodine deficiency result in enlargment of thyroid
gland ,characterized by swelling at neck .
In which the body attempts to substitute iodine
deficiency by increasing thyroid gland size.
Potassium iodide ( 0.01%) is added to table salts
to compensate iodine deficiency .
Thyroid hormons synthesis
Iodine in the thyroid gland is found as iodide form( I-) .
2 I-
Peroxidase
H2O2
I2
I
I2 + HO-
-CH2CHCOOH
NH2
Tyrosine
HOI
-CH2CHCOOH
I
NH2
Diiodotyrosine
I
HO-
-CH2CHCOOH
NH2
Monoiodotyrosine
I
I
-CH2CHCOOH + HO-CH2CHCOOH
I
I
NH2
NH2
I
Diiodotyrosine
Diiodotyrosine
I
I
HOI
-OI
I
I
HO-
I
-CH2CHCOOH
NH2
HO-
HO-
-CH2CHCOOH
NH2
Monoiodotyrosine
Thyroxine (T4)
I
-CH2CHCOOH
NH2
3,5,3, triiodothyronine(T3)
Diiodotyrosine
I
-CH2CHCOOH
I
NH2
- O-
I
HO-
I
I
I
HO-
- O-
I
active
-CH2CHCOOH
NH2
3,3,,5, triiodothyroxine
inactive
Iodine adminstration
Orally used iodine is converted to iodide ion in
the intestenal tract : I2
reduction
2I--
Uptake of used iodine is governed by three fectors
1- Nature of thyroid tissues,uptake of tumorous
thyroid tissues is lower than normal.
2- High iodide level lowers uptake of iodine dose.
3- Thyrotropine level in blood, since it is secreted
by anterior pituitary and has effect on using
iodine.
Clinical uses of iodide
1- Improving agent in hyperthyrodism :a- Acting on lowering the release of the hormon.
b- Causing involution of the gland and increasing
the bond iodine.
c- Usind iodine to remove hyperthyrodism
symptoms.
2- Fibrolytic agent : -
Used in syphlis, fungal infections, actinomycosis
and blastomycosis .
3- As expectorant : Iodides are used in treatment of asthma, chronic
bronchitis and late stage of acute bronchitis.
Iodide side effects :1- Iodism :- irritative effects on skin and mucosa
membrane such as coryza,rashes,headache,
conjuvtivitis and laryngitis.
2- G.I.effects : nausea,vomiting & diarrhea.
3- Used in skin infections requires opening up.
Official iodine products
1- Iodine : M.Wt. 126.9
Heavy gray-black granules. Slightly soluble in H2O.
Soluble in chloroform,CCl4 and ether.
Lugols, solution : 5 gm iodine and 10 gm KI per
100ml total volume. Dose 0.1-0.3ml 3 times/day
2- Potassium iodide ( KI) , M. wt. 166
Colorless crystals, neutral or alkaline to litmus
& soluble in H2O ,glycerin and alcohol.
KI solution : contains 100gm KI in 100ml solution.
Sodium thiosulfate is added to reduce libration
of iodide from KI.
2Na2S2O3 +
I2
Na2S4O6 +
2NaI
Dose : oral 0.6 ml / daily
3- Sodium Iodide : NaI
Colorless ,odorless crystals, soluble in H2O
,alcohol & glycerin.
Used in hyperthyroid condition.
Dose : - oral 300 mg
2-3 times/daily
Intravenous infusion 1 gm-3gm/daily