Transcript Introduction, reporting requirements, workshop objectives Workshop on energy balances and energy related greenhouse gas emission inventories (under WG I of the EU GHG Monitoring.

Introduction, reporting requirements,
workshop objectives
Workshop on energy balances and energy related
greenhouse gas emission inventories
(under WG I of the EU GHG Monitoring Mechanism Committee,
linked to Energy Statistics Committee)
24-25 June 2003, EEA (CPH)
André Jol
European Environment Agency
European Environment Agency
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Contents
• Main GHG emission inventory quality demands
• Reporting requirements for inventories (MS and
Commission, assisted by EEA)
• EU emissions from energy (supply and demand)
• Reporting of energy data
• EU GHG inventory improvement
• Objectives of the workshop
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European Environment Agency
Main inventory quality demands
Increasing demand for timely and high quality data for all user
needs, but main driver is Kyoto Protocol.
• reliable (accurate) detailed trends (use of the best scientific
methodology)
• consistent over time (preferably use of the same method for
the complete time series)
• comparable between countries (use of same source
categories)
• complete (covering all major source sectors)
• transparent (assumptions and methodologies used should be
clearly explained and documented)
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European Environment Agency
Main emission reporting requirements
UNFCCC and EU GHG Monitoring Mechanism
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UNFCCC Kyoto Protocol (6 greenhouse gases/carbon sinks)
by 15 April (N-15 months)
EU GHG Monitoring Mechanism (being revised in 2003) by
31 December (N-12 months).
Same guidelines and methodologies:
• UNFCCC Guidelines and Common Reporting Format,
revised and adopted in 2002 (COP8)
• 1996 IPCC Guidelines and Good Practice Guidance and
Uncertainty Management (2000)
• LULUCF (carbon sinks) Guidance being developed
(2003)
Additional MM implementing provisions (e.g. indicators)
EU needs to compile an annual inventory (15 MS) and
prepare NIR
European Environment Agency
Requirement to implement National GHG
Inventory System under Kyoto Protocol
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Institutional, legal and procedural arrangements necessary to
perform all functions
Capacity for timely performance
Single national entity with overall responsibility and
involvement of others (scientific organisations, national
statistical institutes, industry, environmental NGOs)
Inventory QA/QC planning and implementation
Programmes to improve the quality of activity data, emission
factors and methods
Identification of key source categories
Estimation of uncertainties
Recalculation
Report NIS in National Inventory Report
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European Environment Agency
Main other reporting requirements GHG MM
• Report on national programmes (adopted and planned
policies and measures and their effectiveness), usually similar
to Communication to UNFCCC
• Annual/bi-annual (future) reporting of projections for 2010 :
‘with measures’ (=baseline), ‘with additional measures’, and
key underlying scenario data and assumptions
• Guidelines/implementing provisions (to be revised in 2003)
• Main new reporting requirements on Kyoto mechanisms
(emission trading,joint implementation, clean development
mechanism), ”carbon sinks” (LULUCF) and EU ET Directive
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European Environment Agency
Assessment and reporting under the EU GHG
Monitoring Mechanism
• Annual Commission report assessing progress towards the
Kyoto Protocol (and burden sharing), see
http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/climat/greenhouse_mo
nitoring.htm
• Support by EEA (see http://www.eea.eu.int)
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EEA maintains the EU GHG inventory, assisted by the European
Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change (ETC/ACC) and cooperating
with JRC (carbon sinks) and Eurostat (energy) (Technical report 95,
2003)
Greenhouse gas emission trends and projections in Europe
(Environmental issue report No 33)
Greenhouse gas emission trends 1990-2000 (Topic report No.
7/2002)
Greenhouse gas emission projections (Technical report No. 77)
European Environment Agency
EU greenhouse gas emissions in
relation to the Kyoto target (excl.
LUCF)
Index (base year = 100)
120
110
101,6
97,7
100
90
92,0
80
1990
8
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Greenhouse gas emissions
Target path 2010
GHG target 2010
CO2 emissions
2010
European Environment Agency
2012
EU-15 greenhouse gas emissions by sector
and gas (change base year-2001 and share in
2001)
Other (Non Energy)
Waste
-8%
Transport
Industry (Processes)
Transport
21%
21%

Other (Energy)

-20%
Other (Energy)
17%
-9%
-37%
Energy Industries
Industry
Industry
(Energy)
(Processes)
14%
6%
-2%
N2O
8,2%
HFC, PFC & SF6
HFC, PFC & SF6
1,4%
CH4
8,0%
-2%
N2O
-16%
CH4
-21%
2%
CO2
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Energy
Industries
28%
Fugitive
Emissions
2%
1%
Industry (Energy)
-50%
Other (Non
Energy)
0,3%
-24%
Agriculture
Fugitive Emissions
Waste
2%
Agriculture
10%
-6%
-40%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
CO2
82,4%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
European Environment Agency
Main driving forces EC CO2 emissions
140
Index (1990=100)
130
120
110
100
90
CO2 emissions
Gross inland energy consumption
GDP
CO2 intensity
80
70
60
1990
10
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
European Environment Agency
2001
Contribution from energy/transport to EC
emissions
• ‘Energy industries’: 28 % of total EU GHG emissions
(electricity and heat production, oil refineries and
manufacturing of solid fuels). 2 % decline is largely due to
efficiency improvements in German coal fired power plants
and to fuel switch in the UK power industry.
• ‘Transport’: 21 % of total EU GHG emissions. 20 % increase
mainly due to fast growing road transport in all EU MS.
• ‘Other (Energy)’: 17 % of total EU GHG emissions
(households and services). 1 % above 1990 levels in 2001,
but fluctuate according to annual changes in outdoor
temperature.
• ‘Industry (Energy): 14 % of total EU GHG emissions.
Emissions decrease 9 %, largely due to the restructuring of
the German industry and efficiency improvements
in Germany
European Environment Agency
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Reporting of energy and GHG emissions
• Energy to Eurostat/IEA (annual questionnaires, per
fuel)
• GHG data to UNFCCC and Commission (MM)
• Linkages and issues to be considered at the
workshop:
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– MS compile and report national inventory using national
energy data: need for consistency between both reporting
mechanisms and for timely availability of national energy
data;
– Eurostat compiles energy balances and prepares EU CO2
reference approach estimates (with ETC) for comparison
– EEA/ETC compiles EC inventory with national GHG and
Environment Agency
energy data to UNFCCC (also forEuropean
comparison)
EC GHG inventory improvement
• QA/QC of EC inventory depends on QA/QC systems for
national GHG inventories
• Minor differences between EC and Member States’ inventories,
are further being reduced through the UNFCCC review process
• Eurostat improvement project for national energy balances and
annual estimation of EC CO2 emissions (IPCC Reference
Approach) (this workshop)
• JRC compares national estimates for carbon sinks (focus on
forests) and coordinates a project for improving GHG emissions
from agriculture (focus on N2O from soils) (various other
workshops)
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European Environment Agency
Eurostat energy balance improvement
project
• Grants to most EU MS:
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2000: DK, SE, NL
2001: AU, DE, FR, UK
2002: IE, IT, PT
2003: call for proposals remaining countries
• Tasks for each grant:
– Examine data in CRF and in questionnaire (IEA/Eurostat)
and identify and explain difference (for 1990, 1995, 2000)
– Establish a national procedure to eliminate differences
– Provide updated energy data for 1990-2000
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European Environment Agency
Objectives of the workshop
• Share best practice between countries, both statistical
institutes and national GHG inventory compilers
• Strengthen the link between the reporting mechanisms of
energy data (Eurostat/IEA) and GHG inventories
(UNFCCC, Commission)
• Make recommendations to improve emission estimation
methods and reporting of energy statistics as well as GHG
inventories (from energy)
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European Environment Agency