Transcript ASA Adaptive Sensor Array Environmental and Meteorological Networked Smart Sensor Advanced Technology Initiative NCAR / ATD / RTF.

ASA
Adaptive Sensor Array
Environmental and Meteorological
Networked Smart Sensor
Advanced Technology Initiative
NCAR / ATD / RTF
Presentation Outline
• Why Pursue Development?
• Development GOALS
• Roles for RTF Surface Facility with ASA
• 3-Tier Design Concept
• Preliminary Specifications
• Development Plan
• Hardware Development Overview
• Software Design Overview
• Demonstration Array Deployment for CME-04 Field
Experiment
Why Pursue an Adaptive Sensor Array?
• Advance existing sensing capabilities for research in complex,
interwoven environmental and meteorological processes.
• Investigate, test and evolve emerging software methods designed for
mesh network topologies.
• Develop application algorithms suitable for use and adaptation in other
ATD instrument platforms.
• Deploy significant-numbers of cost-effective smart sensors capable of
communicating, responding, and intelligently measuring diverse
processes across heterogeneous environments (more measurements, at
more points).
• Establish cooperative research relationships with outside agencies and
universities (UCLA/CENS, CSU, ..).
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Development GOALS
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Augment and expand the RTF Integrated Surface Flux Facility (ISFF) with
significantly extended / distributed environmental sampling coverage.
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Provide a ‘rapidly’ deployable platform that can be configured to facilitate
straightforward relocation.
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Provide cross-habitat / mesoscale sampling combined with fine-scale
sampling.
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Provide Internet access to real-time data stream
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Permit remote access for command and control of sampling systems.
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Provide ‘self-healing’ and ‘self-configuring’ array software capable of
dynamically re-routing communications with extended ‘multi-hop’ peer-to-peer
features.
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Explore, test and Incorporate promising technologies (Fuel-Cells, MEMS,
Nano, Optical, etc.) as appropriate to further the over-riding need for lowpower, small-scale, and overall research grade sensing products). Note: this
level of effort would require a full commitment of personnel and financial resources and possibly a
cooperating agency. Independent in-house development on raw low-level ultra-efficient components
(such as MEMS based sensors) is unrealistic.
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Roles for RTF Surface Facility with
ASA
• Surface Energy Budget and Turbulent Flux Estimation
(Historic)
• Test bed for evaluating and exploring the capabilities of
multi-scale meteorological and environmental sensor
arrays.
• Habitat Monitoring
• Hydrological cycle
• Biogeochemical Dynamics
– CO2 monitoring / spatial characterization
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Preliminary Specifications
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Bi-Directional real-time Wireless communications.
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Flexible modular design capable of incorporating in-situ, remote, and 3-4D measurements of
environmental, meteorological and chemical measurements in heterogeneous environments. (Cameras,
GIS, etc.)
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A sensor that is both 'smart' and 'intelligent'. The 'smart' capabilities include processing, minimal
calibration, connectivity, whereas the intelligent sensor will include diagnostics, predictive diagnostics,
peer-to-peer communication, event response, and knowledge of past events. The design include the
capability of gathering biological, chemical, physical and environmental data locally and remotely,
incorporated with infrastructure knowledge for intelligent processing that includes triggering/activating
internal and external devices, data rates, power management (to increase life of system), data quality, etc.
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Flexible long range (wide bandwidth)/short range protocol, that will minimize cost, include reliable
communications, be compatible with legacy systems, provide appropriate communication ranges, be selforganizing/self-healing, and be power efficient. (IEEE Sensor Protocol P1451.2,3 and 4.)
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Multi-platform modular design capable of controlling and communicating with a variety of peripheral
(PDA unit, Lap top, off the shelf sensors, planes, satellites, cameras, sniffers, etc.) or third party sensor
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The incorporation of the sensor intelligence to a self organizing network capable of continually
connecting and re-connecting between local point and far nodes to optimise the efficiency and reliability
of data including time synch and location.
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The ability to respond to both infrastructure and sensed events, i.e. stack plumes, etc., via power, data
rate change, data calibration, network calibration, sensor calibration, etc.
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Design Concept
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Basic Node Descriptions
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Micro Sensor Node
Interface between Mid Range Sensor Nodes and transducers
Self-organizing, short range network
Minimal data processing and decision making
1. Analog to digital voltage conversion, and processing of raw data into sample stream
2. Event processing limited to power down or up, sampling rates, time synch
3. Limited configuration capabilities
ID Broadcast
Spatial range : 100 m Max between nodes
Mid Range Sensor Node
Interface between Micro Sensors and Network Nodes
Interface to higher bandwidth sensors including multiple/bussed Intelligent Serial Devices
Increased data processing and decision making
1. Acquisition, time stamping and processing of raw data into sample stream
2. Statistical Data Reduction
3. Recognition and response to events from sensors, micro sensor nodes, local processing and network nodes
4. Local and remote configuration of attached sensors, power, data processing, and network parameters
Accurate Clock and Time Synch Broadcast
Spatial range : 10-15 km
Network Node (multiple sensing capability)
Link to outside world/internet and mid range sensors
Highest bandwidth sensing capability (Eddy Correlation flux measurements)
Web services, database, camera
Highest level of data processing and decision making on events
1. Collective data processing and event handing of remote sensor nodes and local sensors
Spatial range : Local / Regional / Global
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Development Plan / Implementation
Target
• Phase-I
– New ISFF Data System (Network / Mid-Level Node)
– Demonstration Micro-Sensor Node Array
– Demonstrate / Investigate:
• Plug and Play Sensor Protocol
• Self-Organizing multi-cast communications
• Routing protocol optimization – UCLA-CENS
Directed Diffusion
• Wireless DAQ / Time Synchronization
• Power Efficient Operations
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Development Plan / Implementation
Target
• Phase-II
– Incorporate
• Real-time event driven response methods
– Develop
• Middle-Level CO2-Pack Nodes
• Middle-Level Met-Pack Nodes (10-20km range)
• Install high-level processing / storage on Mid-level PC104 platform
(replaces / upgrades existing ‘ISFF-EVE’ DAQ)
• Global Satellite communications
– Integrated / Interactive Data Displays for Host
• GIS
• Satellite Imagery
• NexRAD
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Implementation Target
WEB Access Gateway
GIS / Sat. Imagery / NexRAD / etc.
Host Institution 'Base' Station
RF - L.O.S. Access...
Iridium Sat. / Cell-Phone /
Fiber / 802.11 RF /
Hardwire Access...
Network Node
Network Node
(Initial Development)
MicroSensor
Network
Mid Level
Sensor Pod
Met-Pack
Mid Level
Sensor Pod
CO2...
Optional
HardWire /
RF.
Sensor Pod
Flux-Pack
Mid Level Data System
/ Sensor Ingest Node (Initial
Development)
MicroSensor Network
(Demonstration Array
Development)
Tsoil
Tleaf
Tsoil
Tsoil
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Phase-I Hardware Development Overview:
Wireless Micro-Sensor Motes
Soil Temp. Profile Motes
3-sets, 4-each Deployed at CME-04
CrossBow Technologies Mica2
100m Range / Networkable
Solar Powered (12mW ops / .03mW
sleep)
6-sensors: 20 samples reported each
30-Sec
nd
2 Order Calibrated Fit
GPS/T-RH-P Motes
Development in Progress for CME-04
CrossBow Technologies Mica2 /
MTS520
100m Range / Networkable with Tsoil
Cycled Aspiration for T/RH accuracy
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Base-Station / Mote Array-Ingester
Base/Repeater Deployed for CME-04
CrossBow Technologies Mica2 and
Maxstream Radio
10-12km Mote Repeater Range
Ingest / Forward Mote Data to Main Data
Acquisition System(s)
Solar Powered (<=300mW ops)
In Development: Linux Based Server
Version (shown below)
CrossBow Technologies Stargate
Flash-Card Data Storage
Ethernet Interface
Phase-I Hardware Development Overview:
New Data System for ISFF / Network Node
New Data Acquisition System
Old ISFF Data Acquisition System
Barometer
DAQ
Board
Stack
VME Based Computer
>= 100-Watts (requires A/C power)
~80 lbs
Proprietary VxWorks Operating System
Wireless / Ethernet Interface
16+ Sio ingest
16+ Analog ingest
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PC104 Based Computer
<= 6-Watts
~8 lbs (mostly the enclosure)
Linux Operating System
Wireless / Ethernet Interface
16+ Sio ingest
16+ Analog ingest
In Development:
Flash-Card / Local Data Storage
Software Overview
• All Software based on Open-Source Model
• Java / C++
• Network / Mid-Level: Linux based for
enhanced Portability and Maintainability
• Micro-Scale Level: TinyOS / NesC based
(UofCa/Berkley OS / C++ like language optimized for resource constrained processors)
• Dynamic Reconfigurability: Network Routing /
Operating Response: all levels
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Software High Level Descriptions
•This and following diagrams are intended to highlight the basic approach
and underscore the modular concept of software methods designed for
cross-tier utilization of Java / C++ code
ASA NETWORK SOFWARE
EVENT MANAGER
CONFIGURATION MANAGER
COMMUNICATION MANAGER
SENSOR INTERFACE MANAGER
DATA MANAGER
Listens and Handles Real-Time internal
and external events
Responsible for configurable params
Responsible for communication modules
Responsible for all sensing activities
Responsible for handling all data
transactions
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NETWORK NODE
Software MODULE DIAGRAM
CONFIG PARAMETERS
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TRIGGERED INTERNAL AND
EXTERNAL EVENTS HANDLED
BY EVENT MANAGER
INCLUDE :
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DATA,
HARDWARE,
POWER,
INFRASTRUCTURE,
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ASA NETWORK SOFWARE
ARCHIVE MEDIA
SENSOR SPECIFIC
COMMUINCATION MGR
DATA
SENSOR INTERFACE MGR
INTERFACE
MGROTHER
DATA
SENSOR
SENSOR
SPECIFIC
MODULES
DATA REDUCER
OTHER
SAMPLE
GENERATOR
QC CONTROL
TIME
(GPS)
INTELLIGENCE MODULE
OTHER PROCESSING
EVENT MANAGER
PROCESSOR
OTHER
DATA
CONFIGURATION MGR
GPS
(TIME/LOC)
CONFIGURATION MGR
SENSOR
SPECIFIC
MODULES
DIGITAL
I/O
ANALOG
PROCESSOR
EVENT MANAGER
SERIAL
COMM
MGR
COMM. PARAM
CONCTN PARAM
CONVRSN PARAM
TIME PARAM
DATA PARAM
LOGGING PARAM
HARDWARE
ETC.
COMMUNICATION MGR
RF
TCP/IP
SERIAL
UDP
OTHER
ASA NETWORK SOFWARE
Network Node Data
OTHER (Legacy,
etc.)
Mid-Level (Micro)
Sensor Pod Data
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Mid-Level Sensor NODE
Software MODULE DIAGRAM
CONFIG PARAMETERS
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TRIGGERED INTERNAL AND
EXTERNAL EVENTS HANDLED
BY EVENT MANAGER
INCLUDE :
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DATA,
HARDWARE,
POWER,
INFRASTRUCTURE,
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COMM. PARAM
CONCTN PARAM
CONVRSN PARAM
TIME PARAM
DATA PARAM
LOGGING PARAM
HARDWARE
ETC.
ASA NETWORK SOFWARE
ARCHIVE MEDIA
SENSOR SPECIFIC
COMMUNICATION MGR
SENSOR INTERFACE MGR
INTERFACE
MGR
DATA
OTHER
SENSOR
SENSOR
SPECIFIC
MODULES
DATA REDUCER
OTHER
SAMPLE
GENERATOR
QC CONTROL
TIME
(GPS)
INTELLIGENCE MODULE
OTHER PROCESSING
COMMUNICATION MGR
RF
TCP/IP
SERIAL
UDP
EVENT MANAGER
DATA
OTHER
DATA
PROCESSOR
GPS
(TIME/LOC)
PROCESSOR
EVENT MANAGER
SENSOR
SPECIFIC
MODULES
DIGITAL
I/O
ANALOG
CONFIGURATION MGR
COMM. Mgr
CONFIGURATION MGR
SERIAL
OTHER
ASA NETWORK SOFWARE
Network Node
Command
And Control
Mid-Level
Sensor Pod Data
Micro-Sensor
Pod data
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Micro-Level Sensor NODE
Software MODULE DIAGRAM
CONFIG PARAMETERS
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TRIGGERED INTERNAL AND
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EXTERNAL EVENTS HANDLED
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BY EVENT MANAGER
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INCLUDE :
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DATA,
POWER,
INFRASTRUCTURE,
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COMM. PARAM
CONCTN PARAM
CONVRSN PARAM
TIME PARAM
DATA PARAM
LOGGING PARAM
HARDWARE
ETC.
ASA NETWORK SOFWARE
ARCHIVE MEDIA
COMMUNICATION MGR
SERIAL
DIGITAL
I/O
ANALOG
OTHER
DATA REDUCER
OTHER
QC CONTROL
TIME
(GPS)
INTELLIGENCE MODULE
OTHER PROCESSING
COMMUNICATION MGR
EVENT MANAGER
DATA
PROCESSOR
SENSORDATA
INTERFACE
MGR
SENSOR
OTHER
SPECIFIC SAMPLE
MODULES GENERATOR
DATA
PROCESSOR
CONFIGURATION MGR
SENSOR
SPECIFIC
MODULES
CONFIGURATION MGR
COMM
MGR
EVENT MANAGER
SENSOR INTERFACE MGR
RF
ASA NETWORK SOFWARE
Micro Pod Data
Mid Level Command
And Control
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Prototype Array Deployment for
Carbon in the Mountains Experiment
(CME)
Niwot-Ridge Colorado Summer-04
CME Goals: Typify CO2 Production,
Variations and Dispersion
New ISFF
Data System
Hydra
(CO2
sampling)
RTF – CME
Contribution Details
Wireless ‘ASA’
Tsoil Sensors
3 Tall-Towers
Prototype ASA Deployment
Niwot Ridge Colorado 2004
ASA Micro-Sensor Array: Soil Temp. Monitoring
Micro-Scale Array Base Receiver
and Mid-Range (10-12km)
Repeater / Transponder Radio.
1 of 3 Towers shown in background
(Willow) being installed with MediumScale Data Acquisition, Processing and
Internet Accessible Communication
System forwarding continuous data to
host institution archive and display.
Scientists installing Solar-Powered Wireless MicroSensor Node with 6 Soil Temperature Probes
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Target Goal: Regional Networked Arrays
Using towers above canopy for
collective event detection and response
‘Pine-Site’ MicroMote Node
with tower / data
acquisition in
background
‘Willow-Tower’
in view from
‘Pine-Tower’
Mesoscale arrays
‘Aspen’
‘Pine’
‘Willow’
Micro scale arrays
2-way communications within Micro-Scale
and between Meso-Scale Array Nodes
‘Pine-Site’ Micro-Mote
unable to see Base
Receiver relays its data
through Mote ‘visible’ in
background
‘Willow-Site’ Micro-Mote Nodes
with tower and data acquisition
system in background