Transcript LaTeX, BibTeX & FarsiTeX Yasser Ganji Saffar [email protected] Computer Engineering Department Sharif University of Technology Outline      LaTeX Bibliographies & BibTeX TeX tools IEEEtran FarsiTeX 1.1 Introduction to LaTeX  The history of TeX     The.

LaTeX, BibTeX & FarsiTeX
Yasser Ganji Saffar
[email protected]
Computer Engineering Department
Sharif University of Technology
Outline





LaTeX
Bibliographies & BibTeX
TeX tools
IEEEtran
FarsiTeX
2
1.1 Introduction to LaTeX

The history of TeX




The history of LaTeX




Donald Knuth, 1978
Everyone could easily use to typeset
documents, particularly those that include
formulae.
Made it freely available.
Leslie Lamport, wrote a variant of TeX called
LaTeX.
Focuses on document structure rather than
TeX small details
Strong when working with mathematical
symbols
Currently it is the standard of
typesetting.
3
1.1 Introduction to LaTeX (contd.)

LaTeX is not a WYSIWYG word processor!



not to worry too much about the appearance
but to concentrate on getting the right
content.
For example:


You only need to mention that a statement is
the title of the document.
You don’t need to mention the font, size,… for
title.
4
1.2 Documents Components
Every LaTeX document must contain the
following three components:

1.
2.
3.
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
\end{document}
In Latex commands generally:



required information is included in braces {}
optional information is included in square brackets [].
5
An Example
\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}
\begin{document}
This is a simple latex file.
\end{document}
6
Document Classes & Options

Classes:





article
report
book
slides
Options:



10pt, 11pt, 12pt
a4paper, letterpaper,…
onecolumn, twocolumn
7
1.3 Error Messages

Since LaTeX will stop after any \end{document}
command, a good strategy is to insert
\end{document} temporarily to see if the error is
above its location.
8
1.4 Verbatim Environment



Maybe, you have to type LaTeX commands as
part of your text.
Surround any text that you want printed as is
with a \begin{verbatim} and an \end{verbatim}
command.
For example:
\begin{verbatim}
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
return 0;
}
\end{verbatim}
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2. Document Structure
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Page Numbering and Headings
Creating a Title Page
Sections
Cross-References
Table of Contents
Abstracts
Footnote
10
2.1 Page Numbering and Headings

The command \pagestyle controls page numbering and
headings. It can take the following forms:
•
\pagestyle{plain}
•
•
\pagestyle{empty}
•
•
Prints the chapter or section name, and the page number in the
heading and footer would be empty
\pagestyle{myheadings}
•

Produces empty heads and feet - no page numbers .
\pagestyle{headings}
•
•
Just a page number
You specify what is to go in the heading with the \markboth or the
\markright commands
These commands can also be applied to a single page using
\thispagestyle instead of \pagestyle.
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2.2 Creating a Title Page
\documentclass{article}
\title{some title}
\author{some name}
\date{some date}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
12
2.3 Sections

There are two related commands for creating
sections:
•
•



\section{sectiontitle}
\section*{sectiontitle}
They provide information to LaTeX in case you
want to create a Table of Contents.
\subsection{title}
\subsubsection{title}
13
2.4 Cross-References




Use \label{name} to label the point in your
document with some mnemonic.
Section \ref{name} to refer to that point.
\ref{name} will be replaced by the number of the
section containing the corresponding \label
command.
You will need to run LaTeX twice to generate
these references.
14
2.5 Table of Contents




If you have been using \section commands
throughout your document, then LaTeX has all
the information that it needs to construct one for
you.
Place the command \tableofcontents after your
\begin{document} command.
It may be necessary to run LaTeX twice on a
document with a Table of Contents.
If you have question marks instead of page
numbers in your Table of Contents, run LaTeX
again.
15
2.6 Abstracts


To create an abstract, place your text in an
abstract environment, i.e., between
\begin{abstract} and \end{abstract}
commands.
The abstract should come immediately after
your \maketitle command, but before any
\tableofcontents command.
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2.7 Footnote

Using \footnote{your footnote message}
For example:
… in ICMP\footnote{Internet Control Message Protocol} …
17
3. Mathematical Typesetting
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Mathematical Formulas
Greek Letters
Exponents and Subscripts
Above and Below
Fractions
Functions
Sums, Integrals, and Limits
Roots
Text in Math Displays
Operators
Relations
Negated Symbols
18
3.1 Mathematical Formulas

There are two ways to insert mathematical
formulas into your document with LaTeX:
1.
2.
Is to have it appear in a paragraph with text($).
Is to have them appear in a separate paragraph($$).

$\alpha$ is the first letter of the Greek
alphabet.

$$
\frac{x^n-1}{x-1} = \sum_{k=0}^{n-1}x^k
$$
19
3.2 Greek Letters
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3.3 Exponents and Subscripts
Use the ^ character to create exponents:
 If you have an exponent containing more
than one character, group the exponent
characters inside braces.

$$ x^21 \ne x^{21} $$

Similarly, subscripts are created using the
underscore character.
$$ x_21 \ne x_{21} $$
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3.4 Above and Below
1.
\overline
2.
\overbrace
3.
\underline
4.
\underbrace


$$
\left(
\begin{array}{c}
m+n\\
m
\end{array}
\right)
= \frac{(m+n)!}{m!n!}
= \frac
{\overbrace{(m+n)(m+n1)\cdots(n+1)}^\mbox{$m$
factors}
{\underbrace{m(m-1)\cdots
1}_\mbox{$m$ factors}}
$$
${ while
$\overline{x+\overline{y}}
= \overline{x}+y$
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3.5 Fractions
1.
2.
Diagonal fraction bar: $a/b$
Horizontal fraction bar: written as
\frac{numerator}{denominator}.
$$ \frac{a/b-c/d}{e/f-g/h} $$
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3.6 Functions



LaTeX uses italics in
math mode.
Roman (non-italic) for
function names.
Use a backslash in
front of function
names.

Here is a list of function
names:
\arccos \arcsin \arctan \arg
\cos \cosh \cot \coth
\csc \deg \det \dim
\exp \gcd \hom \inf
\ker \lg \lim \liminf
\limsup \ln \log \max
\min \Pr \sec \sin
\sinh \sup \tan \tanh
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3.7 Sums, Integrals, and Limits


Summations and integrals both have lower and
upper limits, and the commands are similar.
Limits usually have text with an arrow placed
below them.

$$
\lim_{x\rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin x}{x} = 1
$$

$$
\sum_{k=0}^\infty\frac{(-1)^k}{k+1} =
\int_0^1\frac{dx}{1+x}
$$
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3.8 Roots




Use the \sqrt{} command to produce square
roots:
$\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}$
If you need an nth root, use \sqrt[n]{}
instead.
$\sqrt[10]{\frac{a}{b}}$
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3.9 Text in Math Displays

Use the command \mbox{your text here} to
include short phrases in a formula.
$$
\int_0^{2\pi}\cos(mx)\,dx = 0 \hspace{1cm}
\mbox{if and only if} \hspace{1cm} m\ne 0
$$
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3.10 Operators
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3.11 Relations
29
3.12 Negated Symbols
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4. Spacing
1.
2.
3.
Spacing Between Words
Double Spacing
Horizontal & Vertical Spacing
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4.1 Spacing Between Words

LaTeX controls the spacing of your document,
trying hard to break lines in places that are
pleasing to the eye.

one blank space = a million blank spaces.

Tabs are treated like blank spaces.

Blanks at the end of a line are ignored.

A single Enter is treated like a blank space.

More than one Enter marks the beginning of a
new paragraph.
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4.2 Double Spacing

There will be times when you will need to submit
a draft that is double-spaced, to permit a grader
or editor to make comments.

To double-space a paper, put this in your paper's
body:
\setlength{\baselineskip}{2\baselineskip}
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4.3 Horizontal & Vertical Spacing

Use \hspace{length} for horizontal space.


Here the length must include a unit, such as
1.5in or 2.3cm.
Use \vspace{length} for vertical space.
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5. Accents and Font Style
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Accents
Hyphenation
Quotation Marks
Changing the Appearance of Words
Size of Words
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5.1 Accents

$\hat{a},
\dot{a},
\ddot{a},
\tilde{a},
\bar{a},
\vec{a}$

LaTeX can also produce the following accents:
36
5.2 Hyphenation

There are four hyphens in LaTeX :
1.
2.
3.
4.
- (a single dash) is for hyphenating words.
-- (two dashes) is for ranges of numbers.
--- (three dashes) is for an honest-to-goodness
dash between words.
$-$ is a minus sign in math mode.
For example:
My cousin-in-law lived in Germany in 1995--6;
he speaks French---really, he does. His
favorite number is $-2$.

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5.3 Quotation Marks

Use `` (usually on the left side of the keyboard)
to begin a quotation

And ’’ (It is two ’ characters that is usually on
the right side of the keyboard) to end a
quotation.

For example, ``This is a quote’’.
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5.4 Appearance of Words



Use \underline{phrase} to underline a phrase.
Use \textbf{phrase} or {\bf phrase} to print a
phrase in boldface.
Use \emph{phrase} to italicize a phrase.
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5.5 Size of Words
{\Huge Huge}
 {\huge huge}
 {\Large Large}
 {\large large}
 normal
 {\small small}

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6. Tables & Arrays
1.
Constructing Arrays
2.
Constructing Tables
41
6.1 Constructing Arrays



Surround the entries
with a
\begin{array}{justificati
on} command and an
\end{array} command.
Separate column entries
by an &. And end each
line with a \\.
If your array is a
matrix, you can
surround it with large
parentheses
\left( and \right).
 For example:
$$
\left(
\begin{array}{rcl}
\alpha&\beta&\gamma\\
\delta&\epsilon&\zeta\\
\eta&\theta&\iota\\
\end{array}
\right)
$$
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6.2 Constructing Tables

For example:
\begin{tabular}{|r|c|l|}
\hline
Right & Center & Left\\
\hline
alpha & beta & gamma\\
delta & epsilon & zeta\\
eta & theta & iota\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
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7. Multi-line Equations
1.
2.
3.
Multi-line Equations
Dots
Indenting
44
7.1 Multi-line Equations
Surround the equations by \begin{eqnarray*} and
\end{eqnarray*}.
 Surround the equals sign or inequality with &'s, and end
each line with \\.
 No for $$ with this environment.
For example,
\begin{eqnarray*}
1+2+\ldots+n &=&
\frac{1}{2}((1+2+\ldots+n)+(n+\ldots+2+1))\\
&=&
\frac{1}{2}\underbrace{(n+1)+(n+1)+\ldots+(n+1)}_
{\mbox{$n$ copies}}\\
&=& \frac{n(n+1)}{2}\\
\end{eqnarray*}

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7.2 Dots
\cdots for center height dots.
2. \ddots for diagonal dots, which occur in matrices.
3. \ldots for lower height dots.
4. \vdots for vertical dots.
For example:
$$
\left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
a_{11}&\cdots&a_{1n}\\
\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\\
a_{m1}&\cdots&a_{mn}
\end{array}
\right)
$$
1.
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7.3 Indenting



The default for a LaTeX document is to indent
new paragraphs unless the paragraph follows a
section heading.
If you want to change the indentation, use the
\indent and \noindent commands respectively, at
the beginning of the paragraph.
If you wish to choose the amount of indentation
for some reason, then use the command:
\setlength{\parindent}{size of indentation}

Since this is a command that affects the whole
document, it should go in the preamble, between the
\documentclass and \begin{document} commands.
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8. Text Formatting
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Centering Text
Extended Quotation
Bulleted Lists
Numbered Lists
Filling a Line
48
8.1 Centering Text

By default, LaTeX will start all text at the left
margin.

If you want to center a title, a table, etc.,
surround what you want centered with the
commands:
\begin{center} and \end{center}.
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8.2 Extended Quotation

If you are going to include an extended quotation from
another source, it is important to indicate the difference
between the quotation and your words.
In LaTeX, surround the
quotation with \begin{quote}
and \end{quote}.

50
8.3 Bulleted Lists

To create a bulleted list, surround the information
with a \begin{itemize} and an \end{itemize},
and begin each item with an \item.
For example,
\begin{itemize}
\item A bulleted item.
\item Another bulleted item.
\begin{itemize}
\item A nested bulleted item.
\end{itemize}
\item You get the idea.
\end{itemize}
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8.4 Numbered Lists

To create a numbered list, surround the
information with a \begin{enumerate} and an
\end{enumerate}, and begin each item with an
\item.
For example,
\begin{enumerate}
\item A numbered item.
\item Another numbered item.
\begin{enumerate}
\item A nested numbered item.
\end{enumerate}
\item You get the idea.
\end{enumerate}
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8.5 Filling a Line

If you want a spacing in a line that will push the
surrounding words to the left and right margins, use the
\hfill command.

If instead of spacing, you want either dots or a line, use
\dotfill or \hrulefill, respectively.
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9. Including Graphics

Put \usepackage{graphicx} before
\begin{document}.
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=14cm]{sample.jpg}
\caption{A Sample Image}
\label{fig:sample}
\end{figure}
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Bibliography & BibTeX
Introduction
 Styles
 BibTeX

55
Bibliographies




LaTeX provides a mechanism for automatically linking
citations with items in the bibliography.
Surround the bibliography with
\begin{thebibliography}{99} and \end{thebibliography}.
With the bibliography in place, a citation in the body of
the document is made with \cite{label}, where label is
the same as what occurs in the corresponding
\bibitem{label}.
What is the 99 in \begin{thebibliography}{99} for? It is
a dummy number indicating how many digits to leave
space for in the numbering of the bibliography.
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BibTeX
@article{Ganji:2005,
author
= “Y. Ganji Saffar and H. Abolhassani",
title
= "A Sample {IEEE} document",
journal = “IEEE transactions on Web Services”,
volume = "20",
month
= nov,
year
= “2005",
pages
= "569-571"
};
57
BibTeX items

@article


@book


A PhD thesis.
@manual


A conference article.
@phdthesis


A work that is printed, but without a named publisher.
@conference


A book with an explicit publisher.
@booklet


An article from a journal or magazine.
A technical documentation.
@misc

Use this type when nothing else ts.
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BibTeX Collections

You can have a large BibTeX database and in
each one of your documents reference to some
parts of it.

Use \nocite{label} when you want to have an
item in your bibliography although you do not
have a reference in your document.
59
Bibliography Styles
plain
 alpha
 unsrt
 abbrv

60
Bibliography Styles - plain
• Entries are sorted alphabetically and are labelled with
numbers
61
Bibliography Styles - alpha
• Like plain, except that entry labels are formed from the
authors' names and the year of publication.
62
Bibliography Styles - unsrt
• Like plain, except that entries appear in the order of their first
citation.
63
Bibliography Styles - abbrv
•Like plain, except that entries are more compact because first
names, month names and journal names are abbreviated
64
TeX tools

Windows



WinEdt
TeXnicCenter
Linux

Use the following series of commands:




latex filename.tex
bibtex filename.tex
latex filename.tex
latex filename.tex
65
WinEdt
66
67
TeXnicCenter
68
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IEEEtran

Class Options

Text size


Modes



letterpaper, a4paper
Columns


conference, journal, technote, peerreview, peerreviewca
Paper size


9pt, 10pt, 11pt, 12pt
onecolumn, twocolumn
Bibliography Style: IEEEtran
IEEEtran.cls and IEEEtran.bst must be on the
same directory of your TeX file (these are
available on the course page).
70
\documentclass[conference]{IEEEtran}
8 pages
\documentclass{article}
19 pages
71
conference
72
journal
73
technote
74
peerreview
75
FarsiTeX




Based on LaTeX 2.09 (too old)
Use \documentstyle[farsi]{article} instead of
\documentclass{article}
Undo is not supported in the current editor :(
You can not copy the content to Windows
clipboard.
76
Inserting Pictures (1/2)
1.
Convert your picture file to .eps format.

In Windows:




jpeg2ps.exe sample.jpg > sample.eps
jpeg2ps.exe is available on course page.
Often the quality of .eps files is dramatically low, so
if you want to have a high quality result the
resolution of your JPG file must be high.
In Linux:


convert sample.jpg sample.eps
Convert converts an input file using one image
format to an output file with a differing image
format.
77
Inserting Pictures (2/2)
2.
Insert the following codes:
78
Margins
79
Bibliography

BibTeX is not supported :(
80
References & Links








LaTeX Tutorial, Jeff Clark, Revised February 26,
2002
Some Examples of Using LaTeX(first draft) ,
Samuel R. Buss, May 15, 1996
Introduction to the LaTeX Document Preparation
System, Information Technology Rice University
LaTeX, Henry Stern Carrie Gates, October 22,
2002
http://abel.math.harvard.edu/computing/latex/m
anual/
http://www.latex-project.org
http://www.farsitex.org
http://ce.sharif.edu/~ghodsi
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The End