Transcript Textbook For Nursing Assistants Chapter 16 Vital Signs, Height and Weight Copyright © 2005.

Textbook For Nursing
Assistants
Chapter 16 Vital Signs, Height and Weight
Copyright © 2005. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Instructor's Manual to Accompany Lippincott's Textbook for Nursing
Assistants.
Slide 1
Vital Signs
Copyright © 2005. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Instructor's Manual to Accompany Lippincott's Textbook for Nursing
Assistants.
Slide 2
Vital Signs
What is a vital sign?
Vital signs are key measurements that provide
essential information about overall health
status
What do vital signs indicate?
A change in a vital sign may indicate a
response to illness or injury
Copyright © 2005. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Instructor's Manual to Accompany Lippincott's Textbook for Nursing
Assistants.
Slide 3
When are Vital Signs Taken?
Specified on nursing care plan or doctor’s
orders
Long-term care facility: once daily or weekly,
and as needed
Hospital: every shift or every few hours, and
as needed
Within the nursing assistant’s scope of
practice to take vital signs whenever he or
she thinks it is warranted
Copyright © 2005. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Instructor's Manual to Accompany Lippincott's Textbook for Nursing
Assistants.
Slide 4
Recording and Reporting Vital Signs
Accuracy is important: many people rely
on these measurements to make
decisions about the person’s care
Report an abnormal measurement
immediately
Copyright © 2005. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Instructor's Manual to Accompany Lippincott's Textbook for Nursing
Assistants.
Slide 5
Body Temperature
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Assistants.
Slide 6
What is Body Temperature?
It is the difference between heat produced
and heat lost by the body
Body heat is produced as a normal
process of metabolism
Body temperature is regulated by
thermoregulatory center located in the
brain
Copyright © 2005. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Instructor's Manual to Accompany Lippincott's Textbook for Nursing
Assistants.
Slide 7
Factors Affecting Body Temperature
Physical or emotional stress
Environmental temperature
Time of the day
Age
Gender
Copyright © 2005. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Instructor's Manual to Accompany Lippincott's Textbook for Nursing
Assistants.
Slide 8
Measurement of Body Temperature
Measured in either degrees Fahrenheit
(°F) or degrees Celsius (°C)
Measured from
Mouth – Oral temperature
Rectum – Rectal temperature
Armpit – Axillary temperature
Ear – Aural temperature
Forehead – Temporal temperature
Copyright © 2005. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Instructor's Manual to Accompany Lippincott's Textbook for Nursing
Assistants.
Slide 9
Types of Clinical Thermometers
Glass Thermometer
Electronic and Digital Thermometer
Tympanic Thermometer
Temporal Artery Thermometer
Glass Thermometers
Copyright © 2005. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Instructor's Manual to Accompany Lippincott's Textbook for Nursing
Assistants.
Slide 10
Normal and Abnormal Findings
Normal body temperature ranges from 0.5
°F to 1 °F above or below the range
considered “normal”
Pyrexia: increased body temperature
A person with pyrexia is said to be “febrile”
The doctor may order an antipyretic (feverreducing) drug
Copyright © 2005. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Instructor's Manual to Accompany Lippincott's Textbook for Nursing
Assistants.
Slide 11
Pulse
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Slide 12
What is a Pulse?
When the heart beats, it sends a wave, or
pulse, of blood through the arteries
When checking the pulse, we look at the:
Pulse rate
Pulse rhythm
Irregular pulse rhythm is called dysrhythmia
Pulse amplitude
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Assistants.
Slide 13
Factors Affecting Pulse
Need for oxygen and nutrients
Anger and anxiety, illness, pain, fever, and
excitement
Certain medications
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Assistants.
Slide 14
Measuring the Pulse
Radial Pulse: Taken by placing fingers
over the radial artery (inside of wrist)
Apical Pulse: Taken by listening over the
apex of the heart with a stethoscope
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Assistants.
Slide 15
Pulse Points
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Slide 16
Normal and Abnormal Findings
Tachycardia is a rapid heart rate, or a pulse
rate of more than 100 beats per minute for
an adult
A heart rate that is slower than normal, that
is, a pulse rate of less than 60 beats per
minute is called bradycardia
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Assistants.
Slide 17
Respiration
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Slide 18
Process of Respiration
Respiration is accomplished through ventilation
Ventilation is:
Inhalation of oxygen
Exhalation of carbon dioxide
Respiration indicates:
Respiratory rate
Respiratory rhythm
Depth of respiration
Copyright © 2005. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Instructor's Manual to Accompany Lippincott's Textbook for Nursing
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Slide 19
Factors Affecting Respiration
Control center, chemoreceptors
Anxiety, pain, fear
Fever
Infections and diseases of the heart and
lungs
Stroke or head injury
Medications
Copyright © 2005. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Instructor's Manual to Accompany Lippincott's Textbook for Nursing
Assistants.
Slide 20
Measuring Respiration
Respiratory rate determined by watching
the rise and fall of the person’s chest and
counting the number of breaths that occur
in either 30 seconds or 1 minute
One breath = 1 exhalation and 1 inhalation
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Assistants.
Slide 21
Normal and Abnormal Findings
Normal respiratory rate – Eupnea
16 to 20 times a minute for adult
Higher for children and infants
Abnormal respiratory patterns
Tachypnea
Bradypnea
Dyspnea
Hyperventilation
Hypoventilation
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Assistants.
Slide 22
Blood Pressure
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Slide 23
What is Blood Pressure?
The force that the blood exerts against the
arterial walls
Two pressure levels
Systolic pressure
Diastolic pressure
The difference between the two is pulse pressure
Measured in millimeters of mercury (mm
Hg) and recorded as a fraction
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Slide 24
Factors Affecting Blood Pressure
Cardiac output
Blood volume
Resistance to blood flow
Age
Gender
Race
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Assistants.
Slide 25
Measuring Blood Pressure
Two ways of measuring:
Manually operated
sphygmomanometer and a
stethoscope
Automated
sphygmomanometers
Manually operated
sphygmomanometer
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Slide 26
Normal and Abnormal Findings
Accepted normal ranges for the systolic
pressure are between 100 and 140 mm
Hg, and for the diastolic pressure, between
60 and 90 mm Hg
Abnormal ranges
Hypertension
Hypotension
Orthostatic hypotension
Copyright © 2005. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Instructor's Manual to Accompany Lippincott's Textbook for Nursing
Assistants.
Slide 27
Height and Weight
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Assistants.
Slide 28
Height and Weight
A person’s weight:
Provides insight into overall health, and
nutritional status
Often used to calculate medication dosages
Frequency for checking
Height - on admission, and on transfer or
discharge
Weight - at regular intervals
Copyright © 2005. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Instructor's Manual to Accompany Lippincott's Textbook for Nursing
Assistants.
Slide 29
Measuring Height and Weight
Height is measured in feet (‘) and inches
(‘’) or in centimeters (cm). Weight is
measured in pounds (lbs) or kilograms
(kg.)
Ways of measurement:
Upright scale
Chair scale
Tape measure and sling scale
Upright Scale
Copyright © 2005. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Instructor's Manual to Accompany Lippincott's Textbook for Nursing
Assistants.
Slide 30
End of Presentation
Copyright © 2005. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Instructor's Manual to Accompany Lippincott's Textbook for Nursing
Assistants.
Slide 31