Transcript * Strategically Feeding Protein and Energy During Winter and Managing Cow Condition Don C.

*
Strategically Feeding Protein and Energy
During Winter and Managing Cow Condition
Don C. Adams
[email protected]
Nutrient Requirements
of the Cow
Net Energy (NE) Requirements for a 1200 lb March
Calving Cow with 23 lbs/day Peak Milk Production
NE (Mcal/day)
20
15
10
5
0
Calve
3
5
Wean
Months After Calving
NRC (1996)
9
11
Crude Protein in Cattle Diets
on Sandhills Range
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
Month
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
Forage Organic Matter Intake and Particulate
Passage Observed Using Steers Grazing Sandhills
Meadow or Range
25
Organic
Meadow
Matter Intake
g/kg BW
Range
20
15
10
Particulate
Passage
%/hr
5
0
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Dec
g/kg BW
Rumen Volume and Dry Matter Fill of Steers
Grazing Sandhills Meadow and Range
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Jun
Rumen Volume
Jul
Aug
Dry Matter Fill
Sep
Oct
Dec
Amount of Milk Produced by
.
the Cow
Milk Production by Cows With High and
Low Production During Summer Grazing
Daily milk production, lb
25
20
High
15
Low
10
5
May 28
Adams et al. 1993
June 18
Aug 1
Sept 14
Body Condition Score Change for Cows With High
or Low Milk Production During Summer Grazing
Body condition score change
1
Low
0.5
0
High
(0.5)
(
1)
April 10
On grass
June 19
Beginning
breeding
Aug 5
End
breeding
Sept 20
Weaning
Crude Protein in Cattle Diets on
Northern Great Plains Rangeland
18
CRUDE PROTEIN, %
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN
Date of Weaning
Weaning Dates
• 8 weaning dates:
– August 18, 1999 to November 24, 1999
– August 16, 2000 to November 22, 2000
(140 to 240 days after calving)
Body Condition Score Change
Effect of Weaning Date on Change
in Cow Body Condition Score
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
8/18
R2 = .95
9/1
9/15
9/29
10/13
Date
10/27
11/10
11/24
Average Weaning and Supplement Effects
on Cow Body Condition Score From
September to December
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
Dry
Suckle
No Supplement
Supplement
Weaning and Supplement
Treatments for March Calving Cows
August weaning
1. No protein supplement during winter grazing
2. Protein supplement during winter grazing
November weaning
1. No protein supplement during winter grazing
2. Protein supplement during winter grazing
Effect of Weaning Date on Cow
Body Condition Score
5.8
5.6
5.4
Pregnancy
5.2
95.1%
5.0
4.8
4.6
94.2%
4.4
4.2
Aug
P<.0001
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Early
Feb
Late
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Effect of Protein Supplementation
on Cow Body Condition Score
5.8
5.6
5.4
Pregnancy
93.8%
5.2
5.0
4.8
4.6
95.5%
4.4
4.2
Aug
P<.0001
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Supplement
Feb
Mar
Apr
No Supplement
May
Jun
No Protein Supplement
November
Wean
August
Wean
Protein Supplement
November Wean, with Winter Supplement
November Wean, No Winter Supplement
November Wean, with Winter Supplement
November Wean, No Winter Supplement
August
November
432
518
Calf Weaning Weight, lb
Protein
No Protein
397
382
Calf Weaning Weight, lb
Costs for Items That Differ and
Net Revenues at Weaning
August
Supp.
Cow costs, $/hd
Fall grazing
54.26
Supplement
15.77
Total Cost
70.03
November
No Supp.
Supp.
No Supp.
52.91
75.16
73.37
15.77
52.91
90.93
73.37
Costs for Items That Differ and
Net Revenues at Weaning
August
Supp.
Cow costs, $/hd
Fall grazing
54.26
November
No Supp.
Supp.
No Supp.
52.91
75.16
73.37
Supplement
15.77
Total Cost
70.03
52.91
90.93
73.37
Revenue, $/hd
Gn/loss, culls -11.66
-5.39
-22.82
-16.06
374.70
395.47
426.66
421.93
Net/cow exp. 293.01
337.17
312.91
332.50
Calves
15.77
Feedlot Performance
Weaning
Early
Late
In wt, lb
432
518
Days on feed
244
194
Interactions
ES
Protein Supp.
Supp. No Supp.
487
463
ENS
LS
LNS
1274
1259
1314
1213
Daily gain, lb
3.4
3.4
4.0
3.7
HCW, lb
796
780
816
754
Out wt, lb
Costs and Net Revenues After Finishing
August Wean
Supp. No Supp.
Costs, $/hd
Calf
471
Feed
326
Yardage
74
Trucking
2
Processing
25
Total Cost
898
Revenue, $/hd
Steer
872
Net/cow exp
-9
November Wean
Supp. No Supp.
449
301
74
2
25
851
474
269
59
3
25
830
451
249
59
3
25
787
858
3
877
22
810
11
Wintering June Calving Cows and
June Born Calves
Cost of Winter Grazing (Jan – Mar) and
Supplement for June Calving Cows
Forage
Anim-Unit
Cost $/AUM
Total cost, $
Supplement
Cost, $/lb
Cost, $108/d
Total costs, $
Dry-NS
Dry-S
Milk-S
1.10
15.00
46.20
1.10
15.00
46.20
1.50
15.00
63.00
0.09
0.09
9.68
55.88
17.64
80.64
46.20
End of Summer Costs and Breakevens for
Calves Wintered in Drylot or On Range
Drylot
1999
Range
1999
Drylot Range
2000
2000
Opportunity
351.66
365.52
394.66 387.52
Winter feed
66.26
24.76
Yardage
28.25
Summer
grass
Total costs, $
66.00
66.00
558.79
500.70
Breakevens
77.14
68.96
Costs, $
77.02
25.01
29.00
56.50
56.50
604.59 513.06
76.64
68.53
Finishing Costs and Breakevens for
Calves Wintered in Drylot or On Range
Drylot
1999
Range
1999
Drylot Range
2000
2000
Feed
195.80
181.10
208.69 201.16
Yardage
Total finish
44.70
259.07
44.70
242.52
45.00 45.00
273.76 263.55
Total all costs
817.86
743.22
878.35 776.61
Breakevens, $
67.06
63.91
Costs, $
69.01
65.68
Wintering Pregnant Heifers
Crude (CP), Escape (UIP) and Degradable
Protein (DIP) in Cattle Diets on Sandhills Range
14
CP
UIP
DIP
Protein, %OM
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
Month
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
Composition of Supplements Fed to Heifers Grazing
Nebraska Sandhills Range
Ingredient
MPR
CPR
-
58.8
40.2
-
-
17.8
Sunflower Meal
30.2
13.7
Wheat Middlings
26.2
-
Distiller’s Grains
-
3.4
Molasses (Cane)
2.1
2.1
Urea
Salt
Vitamin A Premix
Limestone
1.1
0.2
-
2.8
1.1
0.2
0.1
Cottonseed Meal
Feather Meal
Soybean Meal
Pregnancy Rate of Heifers Supplemented to
Meet MP Requirements or CP Requirements
Ashby
Item
Whitman
MPR
CPR
MPR
CPR
1997-98, %
95
95
84
75
1998-99, %
95
88
89
85
Cost of Supplements Fed and Net Present
Value (NPV) of Bred Heifers
1997-98
1998-99
Item
MPR, $/heifer
Ashby Whitman
19.56
20.29
Ashby Whitman
14.81
15.12
CPR, $/heifer
16.85
16.96
14.23
14.53
Difference, $/heifer
2.71
3.33
0.58
0.59
MPR: NPV, $/hd
892.54
849.36
911.07
897.06
CPR: NPV, $/hd
892.54
815.57
893.59
886.96
Difference, $/hd
0.00
34.29
17.48
10.01
Return, $/hd
-2.71
30.96
16.90
9.42