Transcript Arup Dasgupta Managing Editor, Geospatial World India’s Geospatial Legacy  Survey of India set up in  Geological Survey of India set up in 1851 

Arup Dasgupta
Managing Editor, Geospatial World
India’s Geospatial Legacy
 Survey of India set up in
1767
 Geological Survey of India
set up in 1851
 Cadastral Mapping started
by Survey of India.
Responsibility handed over
to States in 1904
 Indian Forest Act 1878.
Forest survey of India set up
in 1981
© Royal Geographical Society
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The Canvas of Innovation
Alignment
•Past Decisions
•Future Choices
Trajectories
Organisation
External Forces
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Capabilities
Competencies
Processes
Culture
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How Innovation Happens
 Look at organisations as living systems
 Innovation is evolutionary
 The phases in remote sensing show a life cycle approach
involving the co-evolution of the organisation,
technology & industry
 Choosing the right technology during a transition period
enables the organisation to catch up and even become a
world leader
 If such catching up pressures are driven by unique
country specific needs the chances of radical innovations
are higher
 Having caught up the trajectory follow predictable paths
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Points of Geospatial Transition
Limit of technology B
Performance
measure
Technology B: CCD
Limit of technology A
Technology A: Scanner
Time
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First Operational Use
 ISRO interprets Landsat
imagery to show reduction
in forest cover
 FSI disputes findings and
begins State of Indian
Forests Report
 1987 report acknowledges
“satellite imagery shows
good forest cover … is one
third of extent of forest
cover envisaged in
National Forest Policy”
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NNRMS
 Rajiv Gandhi National
Drinking Water Mission
– 1985
 Wasteland Mapping
Mission 2000,2003, 2006
 FASAL
 Integrated Mission for
Sustainable
Development
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RAJIV GANDHI NATIONAL DRINKING WATER MISSION
GROUND WATER PROSPECTS MAP - PARTS OF CHITRADURGA DISTRICT, KARNATAKA
YIELD
RANGE
DEPTH RANGE
SHALLOWMODERATE
<20 m
20-80 m
DEEP
>80 m
EXCELLENT
>200 lpm
PROBLEM
AREA
GOOD
100-200 lpm
MODERATE
50-100 lpm
LIMITED
20-50 lpm
POOR
<20 lpm
NIL
FRACTURE ZONES
RUNOFF ZONES
GROUND WATER IRRIGATED AREA
FRACTURE/LINEAMENT
NC VILLAGE
GEOLOGICAL/GEOMORPHOLOGICAL BOUNDARIES
INFORMATION CONTENT IN THE MAP
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MAP UNIT
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ROCK TYPE & GEOLOGICAL
SEQUENCE
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GEOMORPHIC UNIT/LANDFORM
RECHARGE CONDITIONS
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NATURE OF THE UNIT
TYPE OF WELLS SUITABLE
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PROBABLE DEPTH RANGE OF
WELLS
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EXPECTED YIELD RANGE OF WELLS
PROBABLE SUCCESS RATE OF
WELLS
REFERENCE NO. OF
OBSERVATION WELLS
GROUND WATER IRRIGATED
AREA
RECHARGE STRUCTURE
SUITABLE
PROBLEMS/LIMITATIONS
/REMARKS
Forcasting Agricultural output using Space,
Agrometeorology & Land based observations (FASAL)
FIELD
SURVEY
‘FASAL’ - RESULTS
National Wheat Forecast
72.9 73
Mt Mt
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50
25
0
F
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DECISION RULES
EARLY
MID
FORECASTS
LATE
GIS for Township Development
Enterprise Resource Planning
Supplier
Relations
Management
Document
Management
GIS
Asset
Management
Land Title
Tracking
IT Infrastructure
Project
Management
Access Portal
Customer
Relations
Management
Enterprise Resources Planning
Issues
 Geospatial systems are mainly government funded and
owned
 Geospatial applications by industry for industry are
few and far between
 Deterring factors
 Policies
 Loss of IP
 Policies are not affecting foreign entities like Google
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Growth Drivers
 Big spenders – Defence and NTRO
 Major public sector projects
 R-APDRP
 NLRMP
 JNNRUM
 All seek to make geospatial systems a part of the
overall IT solution
 Investment in the order of Rs 65000 million in 2007-12
 But progress is slow
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Promises
 NSDI
 Started in 2000
 Government approval 2006
 Geoportal established in 2008 but not being populated
 GML schema ready
 Metadata standards ready
 Independent portals coming up
 Bhuvan
 State Government portals
 National GIS of Planning Commission
 Seeks to ‘integrate’ all efforts and also provide DSS to all
departments
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Challenges
 The Indian psyche of data secrecy
 Nobody wants to share data
 Policy of ‘Give me your data and we will make a fantastic
database’
 Inadequate human resources
 Geospatial courses are turning out Jacks of all trades
who are Masters of none
 Introduce geospatial electives in schools, arts and
science colleges and engineering institutions
 Aligning data policies to technological advances
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Recommendations – Map Policy
 Make the Open Series Maps completely unrestricted
 Continue to register the map users under the Map Policy
 Do not use OSM maps for legal purposes
 Provide slope and aspect maps derived from height
information
 Charge royalty on map reuse through value addition but do
not demand IP rights
 Base map series having lower positional accuracy for
thematic mapping
 All digital data must be supplied in GML 3.0 or higher
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Recommendations – Remote
Sensing Data Policy
 Deregulate all old high resolution satellite imagery
 2 years for satellite imagery
 5 years for aerial imagery
 Deregulate data from sensors like SAR and LIDAR
 Foreign satellite data up to one metre resolution should be
directly available from suppliers
 For data better than one metre the requirement of a
government certificate should be removed
 Such data should be made available through Antrix
Corporation who will maintain a database of the supplies
and the intended usage
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Recommendations -SDI
 Make data sharing mandatory
 Evolve National standards for thematic data
 All digital data must conform to ISO or OGC or independent standards
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developed in India
Automate data ordering through online browsing, order placement,
payment and delivery to reduce turnaround time
Large volume data users should only use digital signatures
Users should need to register only once and not for each transaction
For security consider calibrated access with record of transactions and
IP address trace back
Unobtrusively watermark data using advanced steganographic
techniques approved by a government security agency
Enlist legal liabilities, disclaimers for improper use and penalties for
misuse and illegal distribution
Empowered committee consisting of representatives from all sectors to
review policy every six months
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Recommendations - HR
 Introduce electives in existing courses in computer science,
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statistics, mathematics, geography, physics, life sciences, social
sciences, engineering and management
Courses for administrators in the government and industry
during their induction training
State academies for administrative training need to hold
refresher courses from time to time to update their staff
capacities
Introduce geospatial applications and technology in schools so
that it becomes a career option for the students entering college
A beginning has been made to introduce geospatial subjects in
school curricula by the Central Board of Secondary Education
This needs to be spread to all other Boards
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Public Private Partnership
 Promote Volunteered Geographical Information as a
source of data
 Enable citizens to understand and participate in
decisions that impact their lives and living spaces
 Firm up participation of private industry
 Move beyond services and contracts
 Involve industry in DSS design and implementation
 Industry can use service contracts as entry to push in
higher levels of modelling
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In Conclusion
 Indian problems are unique and require unique Indian
solutions
 Induction of Geospatial technology is an urgent
necessity
 Promises need to be realised by proactive decision
making by government, industry and academia
 Indians are expert in working around obstacles
 Need is for institutionalisation of innovation and
improvisation
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THANK YOU
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