Transcript The World at War AGAIN! Unsuccessful Provisions for a safer world as set forth in the Treaty of Paris at the end of.

The World at War AGAIN!
Unsuccessful
Provisions for a safer world as set forth in
the Treaty of Paris at the end of WWI
were unsuccessful.
 The League of Nations faltered without
American support
 Germany developed a strong military.
 Nazism grew in Germany
 Fascism grew in Italy.
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Rise of Fascism
A political system based around the belief that
the state or government is more important than
the individual.
 Countries under Fascist regimes built powerful
armies to kill or intimidate anyone that
threatened their authority.
 Extremely nationalistic and believed their race
was superior to others.
 Believed they had the right to trample weaker
nations and abuse inferior groups within their
own country.

Mussolini in Italy
Italian dictator since
1922.
 Created the Fascist
party with himself as
the leader, and forbid
all other political
parties.
 Popular slogan:
“Believe!, Obey!,
Fight!”
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Benito Mussolini
Germany Following WWI
People of Germany were upset about
losing World War I.
 They removed their king and established a
democracy.
 Economy took a nose dive in 1923 due to
inflation (steady rise in prices of goods).
 Democratic government was criticized for
being weak.

Hitler and Nazism
Adolf Hitler became the
leader of the National
Socialist German Workers
Party (the Nazis).
 Blamed Germany’s
problems on others.
 Promised wealth and
prosperity for Germany.
 Preached against
Democracy and Jews.
 Became Chancellor of
Germany in 1933.
 Soon after declared
himself dictator and gave
himself the title “der
Führer”

Adolf Hitler
Empire of Japan
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Hurt by the depression, Japan relied on
importing rice and raw materials from other
countries.
Radicals who gained control of the government
felt that invasion of other countries was the only
way to survive.
Japan invaded Indo-China in 1937.
US placed an oil embargo on Japan due to their
invasion of Indo-China.
Japan signs alliance with Germany in 1940.
American Isolationism
Following WWI, the U.S. took on a culture of
isolationism.
 The U.S. did not want to get involved in another
European War.
 The U.S. did initiate the Lend-Lease Program,
which provided ships, planes, and military
supplies to Allied countries.
 Germany felt that the U.S. was involved in the
war by providing supplies, and thus could be
targeted by U-Boats.

German Land Aquisition
Took control of Austria, Czechoslovakia,
and Poland (all Germanic speaking
countries).
 Hitler wanted to create a Third Reich
(empire).
 Many European leaders appeased Hitler by
allowing some of these take-overs in order
to prevent another war.
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More Nazi Land Acquisition

April 1940 (Defeated by Germany)
– Denmark
– Norway
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May 1940 (Defeated by Germany)
– Belgium
– Luxembourg
– Netherlands
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June 1940 (Surrender/Armistice)
– France
Battle of Britain
Began in 1940
 German heavy bombing of England.
 Conducted 24 hrs a day.
 London was heavily hit.
 British used a new technology called
“radar” to detect incoming Germany
bombers.
 Hitler finally withdrew the bombing.

America Thrust into World War II
Japan Justifies an Attack on America
• Oil embargo placed on Japan by the
U.S.
• If American Pacific fleet was destroyed,
they wouldn’t be able to prevent Japan
from it’s conquests in Asia.
• Hitler felt that if the U.S. was involved
in a War in the Pacific, they couldn’t
help out their Allies in Europe.
America Unprepared
An Attack on Pearl Harbor Thought Impossible
• The harbor is too shallow for a torpedo
attack.
• Sabotage by people of Japanese decent
living on the island was more probable.
• Planes bunched up at air fields to prevent
sabotage.
• No clear warnings of an attack at Pearl.
• Admiral Kimmel felt that being at a constant
state of readiness weakened a military unit.
• Radar warning of incoming planes dismissed
as a squadron of B-17’s inbound from the
mainland.
• Fleet at anchor in harbor every weekend.
Location of Battleships
The Attack
Sunday Dec. 7, 1941
• 7:55AM
• Japanese fighters begin attack on
Pearl.
• 5 of 8 Battleships were sunk or
sinking.
• Aircraft bases and planes destroyed.
• 2400 Americans were killed.
The Aftermath
USS Arizona Wreckage
USS Oklahoma Sunk
Salvage & Recovery Efforts
USS Arizona Salvage Divers
Raising the USS Oklahoma
Reflections on Pearl Harbor
• Senator Daniel Inouye reflects on the
attack on Pearl Harbor.
• Radio broadcasts announce the tragedy
in Hawaii.
Dec. 8, 1941
• Pres. Franklin
Delano Roosevelt
asks Congress to
declare a state of
war against the
Empire of Japan.
• Congress complies
with FDR’s request.
America Initiates its War Machine
• War Production Board:
• Directed the conversion and re-tooling of
factories left empty from the Great
Depression into operation war time
factories.
• Supervised the building of new factories.
• Manufacturing shift towards war
materials.
• General Motors was able to produce
more war supplies than Germany and
Japan combined.
Economic Changes
• Government increased taxes.
• War bonds were sold in order to keep
inflation rates down.
• Rationing of products began.
• Items included:
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Gasoline
Heating Fuel
Tires
Coffee
Sugar
Meat
Butter
Canned Goods
Clothing Changes
• In order to save fabric the following
changes occurred in clothes
manufacturing:
• No pleats on women’s skirts.
• No cuffs on men’s pants.
• Women’s nylons were virtually nonexistent due to the use of nylon in
parachute manufacturing.
Civilians Take on an Active Role
• Plant Victory
Gardens
• To help supply
vegetables.
• By 1943 accounted
for 1/3 of the
nations vegetable
supply.
Victory Garden Poster
Civilians Take on an Active Roll #2
• U.S. re-institutes the
draft.
• Women rolled up their
sleeves and went to
work in factories.
(referred to as “Rosie
the Riveter”)
Rosie the Riveter Poster
Raising an Army
• Posters such as this
help recruit soldiers
to fight in WWII.
• It was expected in
society for any able
bodied male
between 18-37 to
enlist.
• Men would be
looked down upon
for not enlisting.
Selective Training & Service Act
• Passed in 1940 (before Pearl Harbor).
• Provided for the first peace time draft
in the nation’s history.
• Required the registration of all men
between 21-35 (later extended from
18-37).
Women Enlisted Too
• Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps
• WAAC’s
• Women’s Air force Service Pilots
• WASP’s
• Women’s Navy Auxiliary
• WAVE’s
• Women’s Coast Guard Auxiliary
• SPAR’s
Women Serve Overseas
• Most women served on the homefront.
• Others served overseas tending to
wounded soldiers.
• Army Nurse Corps (ANC)
• Navy Nurse Corps (NNC)
Paranoia Sets In
• U.S. fears sabotage from people of
Japanese ancestry.
• Executive Order 9066
• President FDR orders people of
Japanese ancestry on the west coast
and near military installations to be
moved to internment camps.
• Camp locations:
Internment Train
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Arizona (Gila River, Poston)
Arkansas (Jerome, Rohwer)
California (Manzanar, Tule Lake)
Colorado (Granada)
Idaho (Minidoka)
Utah (Topaz)
Wyoming (Heart Mountain
• There were many Japanese
Americans who fought on the
European front of the war.
The March on Washington
• African and Mexican Americans were
still being discriminated against in the
U.S.
• Pres. Roosevelt issued an executive
order that forbid racial discrimination
in defense plants and govt. offices.
• The Fair Employment Practices
Committee (FEPC) was created to
enforce the order.
Allied Attacks in the Mediterranean
• Nov. 1942, Allied forces landed in
Northwest Africa.
• Invasion code-named Operation Torch
• Led by Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower.
• After several fierce battles, Axis forces
surrendered in May 1943.
Invasion of Italy
• Summer 1943, Allies conquered Sicily.
• Sept., Italian govt. signed an armistice
with the Allies.
• Allies next move was to invade the
Italian mainland..
• June 1944, Rome became the first Axis
capital to fall to the Allies.
Victory in Europe
• Germans still controlled the Atlantic
due largely to their u-boats.
• Allies refinement of sonar equipment
and increasing number of fast escorts
ships helped the situation.
• By 1944, the Allies had won the Battle
of the Atlantic.
• During this time, the Allies also
increased their strategic bombing
program.
Invasion of France
Invasion of Beach on D-Day
• Victory in the Pacific
and air attacks on
Germany paved the
way for Operation
Overlord
• This was the long
awaited land assault
on German occupied
France.
D-Day Continued
Airborne Troops on D-Day
• On June 6, 1944 nearly
5,000 troop transports,
landing craft, and
warships carried
150,000 soldiers to the
beaches of Normandy,
France.
• Planes dropped 23,000
airborne soldiers.
• American, British, and
Canadian forces
participated.
D-Day: Hitler’s Mistake
• Hitler believed the
main force was
coming from the
north and thus
refused to send
reinforcements.
• Allies liberated Paris
on Aug. 25, 1944.
Paris Liberated
Battle of the Bulge
• Last major counter
attack by Hitler.
• Followed the Allies
crossing the German
border.
• Began using V-2 long
range rockets.
• 200,000 Germans
attack the Allied force
of 80,000.
• By Jan.1945, it was
apparent the Allies
would be victorious.
Yalta Conference
Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin
• Feb. 1945
Roosevelt, Churchill,
and Stalin met to
plan for postwar
peace.
• Leaders agreed to
divide and occupy
Germany, and
outlined plans for a
new international
peace organization.
Hitler’s End and V.E. Day
• April 30, 1945 Hitler commits suicide in his
deep bunker under the ruins of Berlin, for
fear of being captured.
• Soviets occupy Berlin.
• German forces all over the country stopped
fighting.
• Germans surrendered unconditionally on
May 7, 1945.
• Victory in Europe (V.E.) Day May 8, 1945.
• In June, Germany divided into 4 occupied
zones.
Mussolini Mutilated
• Mussolini and his
wife hung.
• Bodies hung out in
Rome for the people
to do with what they
want.
Holocaust Discovered
• As Allied troops took over land
formerly controlled by Germany,
concentration camps were discovered.
• Medical experiments had been
performed on many prisoners.
• Allied soldiers discovered gas
chambers and cremation furnaces.
Concentration Camp Horror
Warning:
If you don’t want
to see these,
please look away!
Concentration Camp Horror
Concentration Camp Horror #2
Eli Weisel, Author of
“Night” in which he writes
about his life while
imprisoned at Buchenwald
Doolittle’s Raiders Bomb Tokyo
• April 1942
• Led by Jimmy
Doolittle
• Felt as the first part
of revenge for Pearl
Harbor.
• Bombing of Tokyo.
• Jimmy Doolittle was
raised in Nome, AK.
Turning the Tide in the Pacific
• June 1942.
• Ferocious 3 day battle
• Battle of Midway turned the tide in the
Pacific.
• Large victory for the U.S.
Pacific Offenses
• Island Hopping: Instead of attacking all
islands, Allies only attacked strategic
Japanese held islands.
• Gilbert Island: Nov.1943.
• Marshal Islands
• Marianna Islands: Summer 1944.
• Battle of the Philippine Sea: Summer
1944. (Decisive U.S. Victory).
Battle of Leyte Gulf
• October 1944.
• Last, largest, and most decisive naval
engagement in the Pacific.
• Japanese lost a large part of its fleet.
• No longer a serious threat to the Allies.
Victory in the Pacific
• Douglas MacArthur:
commander of all
U.S. Army troops in
the Pacific.
Gen. Douglas MacArthur
Battle of Iwo Jima
• February 1945.
• Mt. Suribachi
• First native
Japanese soil
invaded by
Americans during
WWII.
Flag Raising on Mt. Suribachi
Battle of Okinawa
• April 1945.
• Only 350 miles from
Japan.
• Perhaps the
bloodiest battle of
the Pacific War.
Battle of Okinawa
U.S. in Mourning
• April 12, 1945.
• President Franklin
Delano Roosevelt
dies.
A New President
• Vice President Harry
Truman becomes
the new President.
Manhattan Project
• Started in 1942.
• Involved the
development of
atomic bombs.
• Scientists who had
escaped from Nazi
occupied Europe,
helped in the
development.
Preventative Action
• Pres. Truman and U.S. military
commanders worried about the high
loss of life if the U.S. invaded the
Japanese mainland.
• The Japanese were expected to fight
till the end to defend their island.
• The President was left with a tough
decision.
Decision Made
• President Truman
decides to drop
atomic bombs on
two Japanese cities.
• The Enola Gay was
the B-25 used to
drop the bomb on
Heroshima.
• Bock’s Car was the
B-25 used to drop
the bomb on
Nagasaki.
Bombing of Hiroshima
Little Boy A-Bomb
Mushroom Cloud
• August 6, 1945
• Atomic bomb
dropped on the
Japanese
industrial city of
Hiroshima.
• 100,000 Killed
• U.S. had dropped
warning messages
earlier, instructing
people to leave
the city.
Bombing of Nagasaki
Fat Man A-Bomb
Mushroom Cloud
• The U.S. had
expected the
Japanese to
surrender
following the
bombing of
Hiroshima.
• August 9, 1945
• Atomic bomb
dropped on the
city of Nagasaki.
Japanese Surrender
• September 2, 1945.
• Emperor Hirohito
signs the surrender.
• Ceremony held
aboard the
battleship USS
Missouri in Tokyo
Bay.
World War II is OVER!
Celebrating in Times Square – New York
WWII Memorialized
• Many memorials have been built to
commemorate and remember those
that lost their lives in World War II.
• Some were built shortly after and
others have been built within the last
few years.
40th Anniversary of D-Day
• June 6, 1984.
• President Reagan
gives a speech at a
U.S. cemetery in
Normandy, France.
• Speech Video Link
Arizona Memorial-Pearl Harbor
Iwo Jima Memorial
World War II Memorial