Transcript What do we know about DINOSAURS? How long ago did they live? What were they? Where did they come from ? How did they die? Are.

What do we know about
DINOSAURS?
How long ago did they live?
What were they?
Where did they come from ?
How did they die?
Are any still alive today?
WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO “KNOW” SOMETHING?
1. Personal Experience
through the five senses.
I know a bee sting hurts;
I know how to ride a bike.
3. Logic.
I know 2 million + 2 million =
4 million, even though I’ve
never counted that high.
I know I have a brain, even
though I’ve never seen it.
5. Wishful Thinking (you
really want it to be true)
I just know I’m going to
win the lottery!
2. Reliance on Authority.
I know the sun is 93
million miles away;
Jesus loves me, this I know,
for the Bible tells me so.
4. Feeling or Intuition.
I know she’s the one for
me; I know God has
called me to the ministry.
6. Bluffing (lying) - you try to persuade
others for an ulterior motive.
You should buy these tickets from me
because I know this team is going
to the Super Bowl this year;
I know this car will give you years
of faithful service!
THE PREHISTORIC PAST:
1. No living person has personal experience.
2. There are no eyewitness accounts except the
Bible, which is unacceptable to skeptics.
SO HOW DO WE “KNOW” ABOUT THE
BEGINNING? Through LOGIC ONLY.
Both sides
look at the
same fossil
evidence…
- We just
interpret
it
differently.
MEANING OF THE ROCK STRATA
In general, the earth’s rock layers contain fossils that seem to
increase in complexity from bottom to top. However, there
are hundreds of exceptions where individual fossils or entire
strata are in the wrong order.
CREATION SAYS:
EVOLUTION SAYS:
Suites of fossils represent ecological
communities which fit their
environment. Those near the bottom
of the ocean have shapes appropriate
to their habitat and only appear
simpler.
Misplaced fossils and strata are
probably the result of hydraulic flood
action moving them out of their
normal habitat, or deformation while
the sediment was still soft.
Suites of fossils represent time
periods. Those near the bottom look
simpler because they evolved first
and are simpler.
Misplaced fossils and strata are the
result of geologic processes such as
faulting and overthrusting, millions
of years after the rocks had fully
hardened.
Ecological Communities Around the World
Animals and plants live in interdependent communities, or biomes.
These vary with climate, elevation above or below sea level, etc.
Shown are two of
the ecosystems
found in Colorado.
The same is true
worldwide.
(Denver Museum of Natural
History – photos by the
author)
Factors Determining the Success of a Biome
In order for a community of animals and plants to survive
and thrive, they must fit with their environment. For
example, factors determining success on land include:
1. Elevation above or below sea level
2. Average temperature
3. Extremes of temperature
4. Amount and timing of rainfall (e.g., monsoon
seasons)
5. Amount of sunlight
6. Wind patterns
7. Natural disasters
and so on.
Because of all the possible combinations, there are
dozens of distinct biomes in the modern world.
Where are Dinosaurs on the Geologic Time Scale?
ERA
PERIOD
EPOCH
Cenozoic
Quaternary
Approx. Beginning (Years Ago)
Holocene (Recent)
Pleistocene
Tertiary
Pliocene
Miocene
Oligocene
Eocene
Paleocene
Mesozoic
Cretaceous (3 divisions)
Jurassic (3 divisions)
Triassic (upper only)
Paleozoic
Permian
Pennsylvanian
Mississippian
Devonian
Silurian
Ordovician
Cambrian
Archaeozoic Precambrian
(incl. Ediacaran or Vendian,
10,000
1.8 million
5.3 million
23.8 million
33.7 million
54.8 million
65 million
144 million
206 million
248 million
290 million
323 million
354 million
417 million
443 million
490 million
543 million
4.5 billion
650 million)
Source: Univ. of Calif. Museum of Paleontology
} CARBON} IFEROUS
IN WHICH LAYERS ARE DINOSAURS FOUND?
Most strata are subdivided into
lower, middle, and upper.
• The lowest layer containing dinosaurs is the
Upper Triassic.
• There are also distinct dinosaur suites in Lower,
Middle, and Upper Jurassic.
• The majority of dinosaur types occur in Lower,
Middle, and Upper Cretaceous.
There is occasional overlapping where a type
occurs in two or three adjacent layers, but
the broad pattern seems to be that dinosaurs
lived in seven distinct ecological communities.
WHAT WERE DINOSAURS?
Scientists classify animals and plants according to the system
shown below. While there are differences between types of
reptiles, their bones are easy to identify as reptilian
because all of them have a similar jaw structure.
The Biological Classification System
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Reptiles belong to Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata (Subphylum
Vertebrata), and Class Reptilia. Dinosaurs and other extinct reptiles
comprised several orders, as shown on the next page.
One of many ways to divide CLASS REPTILIA (Peter Uetz, 2002)
SUBCLASS:
ORDERS CONTAINED:
ANAPSIDA
Cotylosauria * - “stem reptiles”
Chelonia or Testudinata - turtles
LEPIDOSAURIA
Eosuchia * - obscure Permian reptiles, seemingly aquatic
Rhynchocephalia – sphenodons (New Zealand lizards)
Squamata – modern lizards/snakes, some extinct marine forms
ARCHOSAURIA
Thecodontia * - supposed ancestors of dinos & birds
Crocodilia – crocs & gators
Saurischia * - dinos w/ lizard-type pelvis
Ornithischia * - dinos w/ bird-type pelvis
Pterosauria * - flying reptiles
PARAPSIDA *
Ichthyosauria * - fishlike marine reptiles
ARAEOSCELIDA * Trilophosauria * - lizard-like Triassic reptiles
Weigeltisauria * - obscure
EURYAPSIDA *
Protorosauria * - obscure lizard-like Permian reptiles
Sauropterygia * - marine reptiles w/ paddle-like limbs (plesiosaurs)
SYNAPSIDA *
Pelycosauria * - “mammal-like” reptiles
Therapsida * - “advanced” reptiles
Mesosauria * - Permian reptile, thought to be aquatic
* Forms believed to be extinct
LIVING Reptiles Have Certain
Features in Common:
1. Jaw structure.
2. Scales.
3. Cold-blooded (match the temperature of their
surroundings).
4. Babies are hatched/born as miniature versions of
adults. They can immediately start to eat what adults
do.
5. Reptiles grow as long as they live, as long as they can
move around to get enough food.
Denver Museum of Nat. Hist.
Also, most reptiles lay eggs,
though one ichthyosaur
fossil was preserved in the
act of giving live birth.
A Major Difference Between
Living and Extinct Reptiles:
In living reptiles (except snakes), the legs are
positioned to the side of the body so
that the animal rests on its
stomach when not moving. This limits the
maximum size, because eventually the
animal would become too big to move.
Dinosaurs and “mammal-like” reptiles had legs
directly under the body. This meant they could
grow to enormous sizes.
Stegosaurus
Bradysaurus – Permian
“mammal-like” reptile
Photos by the author
Edmontosaurus
T. rex
“Mammal-Like Reptiles”
Since mammals are considered to be more advanced
than any reptiles, those reptiles most similar to them
(the mammal-like reptiles) should be the most highly
evolved. We would expect to find them in “more
recent” rock layers than the more primitive dinosaurs.
However, mammal-like reptiles are first found in lower
strata than dinosaurs. They are far out of the sequence
evolution leads us to expect.
Diictodon – Permian
Bradysaurus – Permian
(photo by author)
(by WIKIMEDIA user Baini)
Sinokannemeyeria - lower
Triassic (WIKIMEDIA)
FLYING REPTILES
Flying reptiles were not dinosaurs, though they are supposed to
have died out at the same time. The first ones appear in the fossil
record suddenly and fully formed, with no known ancestry.
Flying reptiles belonged to Order Pterosauria,
which is divided into two suborders.
Rhamphorynchoids
(four known
families,
found in
Triassic and
Jurassic
rocks) had
long tails.
Image from Wikipedia Commons
Pterodactyloids
(12 known families, Jurassic
and Cretaceous), supposed to be
descendants of
rhamphorynchoids, had short
tails.
Denver Museum
MARINE REPTILES
Marine reptiles were also not dinosaurs. They, too, appear in the
fossil record suddenly and fully formed, with no known ancestry.
Order Ichthyosauria (Triassic through
Cretaceous) included very fishlike forms.
No one believes they
were a transition
from fish to reptile; instead, their ancestors
supposedly
evolved out
of the sea
onto the
land, then
Ichthyosaur giving live birth
later the ichthyosaurs
evolved back
into the sea.
Order Sauropterygia / Plesiosauria (Jurassic
& Cretaceous)
had fat bodies,
short tails, and
paddle-shaped
Elasmosaurus, a Cretaceous
limbs –
plesiosaur (cars evolved much later!)
like the way we imagine
the Loch Ness Monster.
Order Squamosa (Mosasaurs) were long
and snakelike, with webbed feet. They
ranged from about 10 – 50 feet long.
photos taken at Denver Museum
Platycarpus, a Cretaceous mosasaur
The Two Orders of Dinosaurs
There are about eighteen living or extinct orders of reptiles. Only
two of these orders, Saurischia and Ornithischia, were dinosaurs.
Ornithischian pelvis
Drawings by O. C. Marsh, 1896
It is easy to tell the difference between the two
orders, because all members of Order Ornithischia
had a “bird-type” pelvis as
shown at left while all members of Order Saurischia
had a “lizard-type” pelvis as
shown at right.
Left: fragments of the pelvis
of the ornithischian dinosaur
Edmontosaurus being excavated by the author in Wyoming, 2008.
Right: complete
Edmontosaurus skeleton
(Denver Museum of Natural
History, 2008). Note the
ornithischian pelvis.
Photos by the author
Saurischian
pelvis
DINOSAUR SIZE RANGE
A few types of dinosaurs grew to enormous sizes.
20
15
10
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Apatosaurus compared to human (scale in feet)
Others never grew much bigger than a chicken!
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Compsognathus compared to human
Even large dinosaurs had small
eggs. Shown is a T. rex egg -about the size of a football.
Photo by the author
75
What do we know about
DINOSAURS?
How long ago did they live?
What were they?
Where did they come from ?
How did they die?
Are any still alive today?
WHAT TV AND TEXTBOOKS SHOW US...
WHAT WE ACTUALLY FIND:
a bunch of jumbled up bone fragments
That we put together
and make up
stories
about!
IF YOU CAN’T OBSERVE, IT’S NOT SCIENCE -IT’S STORYTELLING!
HOW MANY TYPES OF DINOSAURS WERE THERE?
• Whoever discovers the first fossil of an extinct
creature gets to name it. However, discoveries
are often fragmentary – a few teeth, some pieces
of bone, etc.
• A number of times, someone named what they
thought was a new type, only to find later that it
had already been named. Some of the multiple
names are still around.
• For instance, some believe that Tyrannosauruus,
Tarbosaurus, and Albertosaurus are the same
creature and that Nanotyrannus was just a
juvenile Tyrannosaurus.
The actual number of dinosaur types is probably far
less than the number of names assigned.
A Major Difference Between Living
Reptiles and Dinosaurs:
Modern baby reptiles hatch as miniature versions of
adults. They can immediately eat what adults do.
Dinosaurs seem to have undergone radical changes
as they grew (like
mammals do.)
For instance, some
types had no head
frill as babies, but
Adult Zuniceratops with fully formed head frill
-- from Wikimedia user Arthur Weasley
grew them later.
In some cases such as Nanotyrannus and Tyrannosaurus, normal changes due to aging have resulted
in multiple names being assigned by mistake.
Why the Uncertainty in the Number of Extinct Types?
To a biologist, a species
is a group whose members cannot breed with
any other group.
However, it is impossible to do breeding
experiments on extinct
animals. Researchers
have to simply guess
whether they belong to
different species, based
on how different the
specimens seem to be.
If you had only
bones to go by,
would you guess
that Andre the
Giant (7 ft 4 in)
and Verne Troyer
(2 ft 8 in) were the
same species?
They are! Unless
you were there,
though, you might
even think they
belonged to
different genera.
Pictures from andrethegiant.com
and rotttentomatoes.com
There is no way to be sure whether differences in extinct
creatures mean they belonged to different species, or
just showed normal variation within the same species.
Where are Dinosaurs on the Geologic Time Scale?
ERA
PERIOD
EPOCH
Cenozoic
Quaternary
Approx. Beginning (Years Ago)
Holocene (Recent)
Pleistocene
Tertiary
Pliocene
Miocene
Oligocene
Eocene
Paleocene
Mesozoic
Cretaceous (3 divisions)
Jurassic (3 divisions)
Triassic (upper only)
Paleozoic
Permian
Pennsylvanian
Mississippian
Devonian
Silurian
Ordovician
Cambrian
Archaeozoic Precambrian
(incl. Ediacaran or Vendian,
10,000
1.8 million
5.3 million
23.8 million
33.7 million
54.8 million
65 million
144 million
206 million
248 million
290 million
323 million
354 million
417 million
443 million
490 million
543 million
4.5 billion
650 million)
Source: Univ. of Calif. Museum of Paleontology
} CARBON} IFEROUS
HOW MANY TYPES OF DINOSAURS WERE THERE?
UPPER
TRIASSIC:
somewhere around
50 types have been
named. Can we be
sure there were 50
different genera, or
could there have
been variations
within the Genesis
“kinds”?
Herrerasaurus – the “oldest” (lowest) dinosaur known. It appears
suddenly and fully formed, with nothing leading up to it. (Photo by
WIKImedia user Zach Tirrell)
Turfanosaurus (China) (WIKImedia image)
Guaibasaurus (Photo by WIKImedia user Sergio Kaminski)
MORE TRIASSIC REPTILES
Hupehsuchus Triassic
ichthyosaur (not
a dinosaur!)
(WIKImedia image)
Sinokannemeyeria - “Mammallike” Lower Triassic reptile,
also not a dinosaur. (WIKImedia image)
Since mammals are supposed
to have evolved after dinosaurs, why are the “more
advanced” mammal-like reptiles found in lower layers
than any of the dinosaurs?
JURASSIC DINOSAURS
There are
supposed to have
been around 220
types of Jurassic
dinosaurs: some
Lower, some
Middle, some
Upper. This is an
average of about
70 types in each
biome. However,
the actual number
could have been
less because of
duplicate names.
All the Jurassic
dinosaurs
Big mistake
in
appear suddenly
fully
“Jurassicand
Park”:
T.
formed, withrex
nothing
leading
was a Cretaup to them.
theynot
ceousOnce
dinosaur,
Jurassic.
arrive, they don’t
evolve.
Above: Dilophosaurus
(Photo by WIKImedia
user Farley Katz)
Right: Yangchuanosaurus (Photo
by WIKImedia user
“Phreakster”)
Sinraptor (Photo by WIKImedia user
Farley Katz)
Kentrosaurus (WIKImedia image)
Dryosaurus (WIKImedia image)
MORE
JURASSIC
REPTILES
Europasaurus skull (Photo by
Flipper of Macroplata plesiosaur, not a dinosaur
WIKImedia user Nils Knotschke)
(Photo by the author)
Camarasaurus
skull (WIKImedia
image)
Brachiosaurus (Photo by WIKImedia user Axel Mauruszat)
Mamenchisaurus
(Photo by WIKImedia user
Farley Katz)
CRETACEOUS DINOSAURS
Over 500 types
of dinosaurs
have been
named in
Lower, Middle,
and Upper Cretaceous rocks.
Taking into account the possibility of duplicate names,
each of these
fossil
communities
may have
averaged a
hundred or
more types of
dinosaur.
Like all the others, Cretaceous dinosaurs appear
suddenly and fully formed,
with nothing leading up to
them. Once they arrive, they
don’t evolve.
Ankylosaurus (Photo by WIKImedia
user Douggers)
Deinonychus (WIKImedia image)
Gallimimus (WIKImedia image)
Gigantosaurus (Photo by WIKImedia
user Cas Liber)
Triceratops (Photo by WIKImedia user Michael Gray)
Because of duplication and uncertainty, the
number of types of dinosaurs is probably
much less than a thousand. Even if there
really were hundreds of types of dinosaurs, it
wouldn’t prove anything about evolution.
Let’s use birds for comparison.
There are over 2800 genera of birds living in
the world today, divided into well over ten
thousand species. The large number of types
does not indicate that they are evolving.
Likewise, a large number of types of
dinosaurs has nothing to do with evolution.
DINOSAURS: NOTHING TO DO WITH EVOLUTION
Every single type of dinosaur
appears in the fossil record
suddenly and fully formed with all
its identifying characteristics intact.
The “last” representatives of each
type are easily recognizable as
the same type as the “first.”
Evolution is nowhere to be seen.
Saurolophus - crested
head (1877 photo)
Elasmosaurus (plesiosaur)
(Author photo)
MORE
CRETACEOUS
REPTILES
Tarbosaurus - similar to
T. rex (Photo by WIKImedia user
Thomas Ihle)
Edmontosaurus - found in vast herds
The author excavating
Edmontosaurus bones
in Wyoming - 2008 (Author Tsintaosaurus
photo)
(WIKImedia image)
WHY WOULD ANYTHING EVOLVE?
Every living thing gets its physical characteristics
from the information in its DNA.
Mutations are random copying mistakes during DNA
reproduction. In order for anything to evolve, there
would have to be a series of perhaps millions of
beneficial mutations in DNA, building up generation after
generation. Mutations would have to be the source of
new structures (bones, eyes, wings, feathers, etc.)
However, though some mutations benefit individuals, we
have never seen a single one that helped the affected
species, or that added any genetic information.
MAJOR TYPES OF DINOSAURS:
IMPORTANT TYPES OF ORNITHISCIANS:
Ceratopsia - Long horns on the face (Triceratops, etc.)
Armored dinosaurs (Ankyosaurus, etc.)
Thick skulls (Pachycephalosaurus, etc.)
Duck-billed dinosaurs (hadrosaurs, e.g., Edmontosaurus)
IMPORTANT TYPES OF SAURISCIANS:
Sauropods (“lizard-foot”) – largest plant eaters
Theropods (“beast-foot”) – thought to eat meat. Included
several groups:
Carnosaurs, e.g., T. rex
Coelosaurs – included “bird-mimics”
Ceratosaurs – short horns on face, like a horned toad
Birds are supposed to have evolved from some sort of
theropod, though no one has a specific candidate.
Are Birds Just Feathered Dinosaurs?
Archaeopteryx - dated about 225 million years old.
1. It had a long bony
5. It had hollow
tail. So do swans.
bones typical of
2. It had claws on its
all birds.
wings. So do the
6. It had feathers
living ostrich, hotypical of all
atzin, and touraco.
birds.
3. It had teeth. So
7. Since its discovdid two undispuery, other true
ted fossil birds,
birds have been
Hesperornis and
found in rocks
Ichthyornis.
dated even older.
4. It had a shallow breastbone. So does the hoatzin.
ALSO:
(1) Birds have tube-type lungs as
compared to the sacs on
mammals and reptiles;
(2) They are warm-blooded;
(3) They have a highly developed
cerebellum and cerebral
Photo by the author
hemisphere to control fine motor
activities;
(4) Flapping uses the opposite motion
from walking and grasping;
(5) They occur in the earliest dinosaurbearing strata, not the latest.
The Pelvis: Major Diagnostic Feature of Dinosaurs
Photo by the author
Model of Struthiomimus, a typical
“bird-like” dinosaur
that was very unbirdlike on the
inside. (Utah State
Museum, Vernal, Utah)
All the dinosaurs
that had a somewhat birdlike external appearance were
very unbirdlike on the
inside, with the typical “lizard-type” pelvis with four protrusions characteristic
of Order Saurischia.
Order Ornithischia (the other
major
type of
dinosaur) had
a “birdtype”
pelvis
with three protrusions.
Since this order is not
considered to be the ancestor of
birds, evolutionists believe the
bird-type pelvis had to evolve
independently two separate times
-- once in Saurischia, and again in
true birds.
There is no explanation for how
either group could have walked
while their pelvis was mutating.
Were Dinosaurs Ferocious Hunters?
The teeth of T.
rex were up to
about 7 inches
long. Only
about half of
the tooth was
embedded in
the jaw. If it bit
a large animal,
there would be
a great deal of
leverage pulling against the
roots of its
teeth.
A T. rex foolish enough to
bite a large
dinosaur that
was trying to
get away
would
probably
have lost
some teeth. If
T. rex ate
meat at all, it
was probably
small or dead
animals.
Photo by the author
How Fast Could a T. rex Run?
A 1991 analysis
of T. rex leg
bones in
Scientific
American
shows that
based on
known bone
measurements,
a large T. rex
could not have
run faster than
about 15 miles
per hour
without
breaking its
legs!
Any time you
take a step, you
put a certain
amount of
impact on your
leg bones. The
heavier you are
and the faster
you move, the
more the stress
due to the
impact.
Photo by the author
WHAT KILLED OFF THE DINOSAURS?
EVOLUTION:
Asteroid impact, or
Volcanos, or
Global cooling, or
Extinction of plants that served
as natural laxatives (death by
constipation!), or Disease?
CREATION:
The Flood.
Could Dinosaurs or Other Large Reptiles
be Mentioned in the Bible?
15 Behold now behemoth, which I made with thee; he eateth grass
as an ox. 16 Lo now, his strength is in his loins, and his force is in
the navel of his belly. 17 He moveth his tail like a cedar: the sinews
of his stones are wrapped together. 18 His bones are as strong
pieces of brass; his bones are like bars of iron. 19 He is the chief of
the ways of God: he that made him can make his sword to approach
unto him. 20 Surely the mountains bring him forth food, where all
the beasts of the field play. 21 He lieth under the shady trees, in the
covert of the reed, and fens. 22 The shady trees cover him with their
shadow; the willows of the brook compass him about. 23 Behold,
he drinketh up a river, and hasteth not: he trusteth that he can draw
up Jordan into his mouth. 24 He taketh it with his eyes: his nose
pierceth through snares.
Job 40:15-24 (KJV)
BEHEMOTH WAS NO ELEPHANT.
An elephant has a tail like a rope, not a cedar tree.
Could Dinosaurs or Other Large Reptiles
be Mentioned in the Bible?
1 Canst thou draw out leviathan with an hook? or his tongue with a cord
which thou lettest down? 2 Canst thou put an hook into his nose? or bore his
jaw through with a thorn? 3 Will he make many supplications unto thee? will
he speak soft words unto thee? 4 Will he make a covenant with thee? wilt
thou take him for a servant for ever? 5 Wilt thou play with him as with a bird?
or wilt thou bind him for thy maidens? 6 Shall the companions make a
banquet of him? shall they part him among the merchants? 7 Canst thou fill
his skin with barbed irons? or his head with fish spears? 8 Lay thine hand
upon him, remember the battle, do no more. 9 Behold, the hope of him is in
vain: shall not one be cast down even at the sight of him? 10 None is so
fierce that dare stir him up: who then is able to stand before me?
15 His scales are his pride, shut up together as with a close seal. 16 One is
so near to another, that no air can come between them. 17 They are joined
one to another, they stick together, that they cannot be sundered. 18 By his
neesings a light doth shine, and his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning.
19 Out of his mouth go burning lamps, and sparks of fire leap out. 20 Out of
his nostrils goeth smoke, as out of a seething pot or caldron. 21 His breath
kindleth coals, and a flame goeth out of his mouth.
Job 41:1-10, 15-21 (KJV)
Could Dinosaurs or Other Large Reptiles
be Mentioned in the Bible?
Nine times the Old Testament mentions the “Unicorn”
(Hebrew re’ēm). When the Hebrew text was translated
into the Greek Septuagint, the translators chose the
Greek word “monocera,” meaning “one horn.”
Here’s a one-horned creature!
Monoclonius (WIKImedia image)
HAVE HUMANS EVER SEEN LIVING DINOSAURS?
Most probably drowned in Noah’s Flood.
However, there have been reports of
“dragons” throughout recorded history.
The Book of Job describes Behemoth and
Leviathan; ancient Chinese, Roman, and
Irish legends tell of dragons.
There have also been reports of dinosaurs
(Mokele M’bembe) in central Africa as
recently as 2003, and flying reptiles around
the world within the last 10 years!
Want to see a picture of a dinosaur made
by somebody that must have seen it?
Dinosaurs were discovered in the 1800s. We recently concluded
they had stripes and fat bodies and did not drag their tails.
Photo by the author
Mosaic floor at Zippori in North Israel – ca. 300 A.D. – a striped, fat
bodied reptile with its tail raised. Sure looks like some sort of dinosaur!
Other than the lack of a frill at the back of the skull, there is
not much difference between the Zippori mosaic and
ceratopsian dinosaurs such as this one.
Artist’s conception of the two-horned dinosaur Zuniceratops
by Arthur Weasley (Wikimedia Commons)
It has a crested head, and something coming
out of its mouth. Could it be fire?
Photo by the author
Same mosaic floor in Zippori. What in the world
is this creature?
HAVE HUMANS EVER BEEN WITH DINOSAURS?
Paluxy River track on the “Taylor Trail” in Glenrose,
Texas – courtesy of Don Patton. 5-toed human footprint
is preserved inside a much larger 3-toed dinosaur print.
HAVE HUMANS EVER SEEN LIVING DINOSAURS?
Carving at Ta Promh Temple in the jungle of Cambodia, dating to the late 1100s
--seems to be an unknown dinosaur
similar to Stegosaurus
Desert carving in Arizona
Carvings over a thousand years old
in Mexico
Pictures on left courtesy of Dr. Don Patton
Ruins of Ta
Most carProhm Temvings near
ple. If they
the dinosaur
look familiar
show recogit’s because
they were
nizable creaused in the
tures. Just
movie “Lara
above is a
Croft: Tomb
Raider.”
deer. Below
is some type These are realof upright
istic carvings.
animal
that also
SOMEBODY MUST
has a row
of plates
HAVE SEEN A
A wild boar typical
on its back.
of the area.
DINOSAUR.
This carving (the
next one down) is
not a mythical
creature. It looks
odd until you
compare it to
some monkeys
and baboons in
the world today.
Okay, People Have Seen Dinosaurs. But What
Should We Learn From Them About God?
1 Then Job answered the LORD, and said,
2 I know that thou canst do every thing, and that no
thought can be withholden from thee.
3 Who is he that hideth counsel without knowledge?
therefore have I uttered that I understood not; things
too wonderful for me, which I knew not.
4 Hear, I beseech thee, and I will speak: I will demand
of thee, and declare thou unto me.
5 I have heard of thee by the hearing of the ear: but
now mine eye seeth thee.
6 Wherefore I abhor myself, and repent in dust and
ashes.
(Job 42:1 - 6 )
WHAT DO
DINOSAURS
HAVE TO
DO WITH
THE
GOSPEL?
They were
created to
show the
power and
majesty of
God, and
to lead us
to humbly
repent
before
Him!
Have YOU
ever done
that?
For copies of all materials, go to
www.originsresource.org.
Email: [email protected]