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The UK is very small compared with many other countries in the world. Most of
England consists of rolling lowland terrain, divided from more mountainous terrain in
the northwest, north and southwest by the Tees-Exe line. Lower ranges include the
limestone hills of the Isle of Purbeck, Cotswolds and Lincolnshire Wolds, and the chalk
downs of the Southern England Chalk Formation. The main rivers and estuaries are the
Thames, Severn and the Humber Estuary. There are only nine other countries with more
people, and London is the world's seventh biggest city. Near Dover, the Channel Tunnel
links the United Kingdom with France. The main areas of highland are in Scotland,
Wales and Cumbria. Scotland's geography is varied, with lowlands in the south and east
and highlands in the north and west, including Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in the
British Isles at 1,343 metres. There are many long and deep-sea arms, firths, and lochs.
Scotland has nearly eight hundred islands, mainly west and north of the mainland,
notably the Hebrides, Orkney Islands and Shetland Islands. The capital city is
Edinburgh, the centre of which is a World Heritage Site. The largest city is Glasgow. In
total, it is estimated that the UK includes around one thousand islands. Wales is mostly
mountainous, the highest peak being Snowdon at 1,085 metres above sea level. North of
the mainland is the island of Anglesey. The largest and capital city is Cardiff in South
Wales; it has been the Welsh capital city since 1955. The greatest concentration of
people live in the south, in the cities of Swansea and Newport, as well as Cardiff, and
the South Wales Valleys. The largest town in North Wales is Wrexham.
Northumberland
Holy Island
Tyne and Wear
Yorkshire
Shropshire
Warwick
Cambridge
Stratford upon Avon
Gloucester
Devon
Cornwall
Isles of Scilly
Dover
Brighton
Isle of Wight
Next
The four capitals of the United Kingdom's constituent countries are
London (England), Edinburgh (Scotland), Cardiff (Wales) and Belfast (Northern
Ireland). London is by far the UK's largest city, with a population of more than
seven million. Birmingham is next with around 970,000, followed by Glasgow,
with a population of around 590,000. There are many different statistics and
debates on which cities are the UK's largest, due to differences between the
administrative boundaries and metropolitan areas of cities, and because of
merging of settlements into conurbations. After London, the West Midlands
conurbation (which contains the cities of Birmingham and Wolverhampton) is
the second largest urban area with around 2.28 million, followed by the Greater
Manchester Urban Area (which contains the cities of Manchester and Salford)
with 2.24 million.
At the April 2001 UK Census, the United Kingdom's population
was 58,789,194,
the third-largest in the European Union (behind
Germany and France) and
the twenty-first largest in the world.
This
had been estimated up to
59,834,300 by the Office for
National Statistics in 2004. Two years later it
had increased to 60.2 million, largely from net immigration, but also because of a
rising
birth rate and increasing life expectancy. The UK's overall
population density is one of the highest in the world. About a
quarter of the
population lives in England's prosperous south-east
and is predominantly urban
and suburban, with an estimated 7,517,700 in the capital of London.
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Dover is a major channel port in the
English county of Kent. At the 2001
census, the town of Dover proper had a
population of 28,156 inhabitants, while
the population of the whole urban area
of Dover, as calculated by the Office for
National
Statistics,
was
39,078
inhabitants.The
town
is
the
administrative centre of the Dover
district.
Dover is famous for its white cliffs,
which are made of chalk. The cliffs gave
Britain its nickname of Albion, meaning
"white". The town's name derives from
the Brythonic Dubrās ("the waters").
Its closeness to continental Europe it is
only 34 kilometres (21 miles) from the
French port of Calais – makes Dover one
of the United Kingdom's busiest crossChannel ports, with 18 million
passengers passing through each year.
The white cliffs of Dover, immortalized in popular song and verse, are
cliffs which form part of the British coastline facing the Strait of Dover
and France. The cliffs are part of the North Downs formation. The cliff
face, which reaches up to 350 feet high, owes its striking façade to its
composition of chalk (pure white lime) accentuated by streaks of black
flint. The cliffs spread east and west from the town of Dover in the county
of Kent, an ancient and still important English port.
The cliffs have great symbolic
value for Britain because they face
towards Continental Europe across the
narrowest part of the English Channel,
where invasions have historically
threatened and against which the cliffs
form a symbolic guard. Because crossing
at Dover was the primary route to the
continent before air travel, the white line
of cliffs also formed the first (or last) sight
of the UK for travellers.
On a clear day, the cliffs
are easily visible from the
French coast.
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The
city
of
Cambridge is an old
English university town and
the administrative centre of
the
county
of
Cambridgeshire.
It
lies
approximately 50 miles
(80 km) north-northeast of
London and is surrounded
by a number of smaller
towns and villages. It is also
at the heart of the hightechnology centre known as
Silicon Fen.
Cambridge is best known for the
University of Cambridge, which includes
the renowned Cavendish Laboratory,
King's College Chapel, and the Cambridge
University Library. The Cambridge skyline
is dominated by the last two, along with the
chimney of Addenbrooke's Hospital in the
far south of the city and St John's College
Chapel tower in the north. According to the
2001 census, the City's population was
108,863 (including 22,153 students).
However, the population of the urban area,
which
includes
parts
of
South
Cambridgeshire district is estimated to be
130,000.
The University of Cambridge is
rich in history - its famous Colleges and
University buildings attract visitors
from all over the world. But the
University's museums and collections
also hold many treasures which
give an exciting insight into some
of the scholarly activities, both
past and present, of the
University's
academics
and
students.
The University of Cambridge
is one of the oldest universities in
the world and one of the largest in
the United Kingdom. Its reputation
for
outstanding
academic
achievement is known world-wide
and
reflects
the
intellectual
achievement of its students, as well
as the world-class original research
carried out by the staff of the
University and the Colleges.
Many of the University's
customs and unusual terminology
can be traced to roots in the early
years of the University's long
history, and this booklet looks to the
past to find the origins of much that
is distinctive in the University of
today.
The University of Cambridge
has more Nobel Prize winners than
any other institution.
In 1209, students escaping from hostile townspeople in Oxford fled to Cambridge and
formed a University there. The oldest college that still exists, Peterhouse, was founded in
1284. One of the most impressive buildings in Cambridge, King's College Chapel, was begun
in 1446 by King Henry VI. The project was completed in 1515 during the reign of King
Henry VIII.
Cambridge University Press originated with a printing licence issued in 1534.
Hobson's Conduit, the first project to bring clean drinking water to the town centre, was built
in 1610 (by the Hobson of Hobson's choice). Parts of it survive today. Addenbrooke's
Hospital was founded in 1766. The railway and station were built in 1845. According to
legend, the University dictated their location: well away from the centre of town, so that the
possibility of quick access to London would not distract students from their work. However,
there is no basis for this in fact.
Despite having a University, Cambridge was not granted its city charter until 1951.
Cambridge does not have a cathedral, which was traditionally a pre-requisite for city status.
Drawing on its links with the University, the Cambridge area today is sometimes
referred to as Silicon Fen, due to the growth of high tech businesses and technology
incubators that have sprung up in the series of science parks and other developments in and
around the city. Such companies include Acorn Computers and Sinclair. The University was
joined by the larger part of Anglia Ruskin University, and the educational reputation has led
to other bodies (such as the Open University in East Anglia) basing themselves in the city.
The University has a large number of museums that are open to the public.
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Brighton is located on the south coast of
England, and together with its immediate
neighbour Hove forms the city of Brighton and
Hove. Brighton is one of the largest and most
famous seaside resorts in the United Kingdom.
With origins dating before the
Domesday Book (1086), the ancient settlement
of Brighthelmston emerged as an important
health resort during the 18th century and a
popular destination for day-trippers after the
arrival of the railway in 1841. Brighton
experienced rapid population growth reaching
a peak of over 160,000 by 1961. Modern
Brighton forms part of a conurbation stretching
along the coast, known as the Brighton urban
area by the Office for National Statistics, with
a population of around 480,000. Brighton is a
popular tourist resort with numerous hotels,
restaurants and entertainment facilities, which
additionally serve a substantial business
conference industry. The modern city of
Brighton and Hove is also an important
educational centre with two universities and
many English language schools.
A major tourist attraction is the
pebble beach, which has a variety of
bars, restaurants, night clubs and
amusement arcades. Together with the
attractions further inland, these
contribute
to
Brighton
being
sometimes referred to as "London-bythe-sea"; it certainly offers one of the
most accessible tourist beaches from
London.
Brighton beach has a designated
official nudist area (south of the
easterly part of Kemptown). This is
unusual in that very few naturist
beaches in the United Kingdom are
located within urban areas.
Brighton is associated with
notable popular music artists including
The Levellers, The Kooks and Fatboy
Slim. There are over 365 pubs and
many nightclubs. There are also many
live music venues including the large
Brighton Centre and the Concorde II'.
Brighton hosts a number of conferences
including those held annually by major
political parties, often based around the
Brighton Centre, Grand Hotel and Metropole
Hotel.
A wide range of sport and leisure clubs,
in particular cycling and motoring clubs,
annually hold London to Brighton events,
culminating in a display on the Madeira Drive
section of the seafront, which is closed to
traffic for this purpose on many Sundays
throughout the summer months.
Each May the city of Brighton and Hove
hosts an arts festival. This includes organised
processions such as the Children's Parade,
outdoor
spectaculars
often
involving
pyrotechnics, and theatre, music and visual arts
in venues throughout the city, some of which
are brought into this use exclusively for the
festival. The earliest feature of the festival,
"Open Houses", are homes of artists and
craftspeople, opened up to the public as
galleries and usually selling the work of the
inhabitant and their friends.
Brighton has a number of museums including the Cityrun Brighton Museum and Art Gallery, the Booth Museum of
Natural History, the Brighton Fishing Museum and the Brighton
Toy and Model Museum. There are many privately run galleries,
including some in the arches on the seafront. A widespread
practice is to display and sell art in cafés, and even bars.
Churchill Square is an indoor shopping centre with a
floor space of 470,000 sq ft (43,663 m²) and includes 85 shops, 5
restaurants and 1,600 car parking spaces. It was originally built in
the 1960s as an open-air pedestrianised shopping centre, but was
completely rebuilt in 1998. Further mainstream retail areas
include Western Road and London Road.
Brighton has a high density of businesses involved in
media in general, particularly digital or "new media" companies,
and since the 1990s has sometimes been referred to as "Silicon
Beach".
The University of Brighton,
the former Brighton Polytechnic, has
a student population of 20,017 of
which 80% are undergraduates. The
University is located on several
separate sites in Brighton, with
additional buildings in Falmer and
Eastbourne.
The University of Sussex is a
"plate glass university" based on a
campus between Stanmer Park and
Falmer, four miles from the city
centre. It has a student population of
10,563 of
which
70%
are
undergraduates.
A wide range of nonuniversity courses for students aged
over 16, mainly in vocational
education subjects, is provided at the
further education college, City
College Brighton & Hove.
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Devon is a large county in South West
England, bordered by Cornwall to the west,
Dorset and Somerset to the east. It is unique
among English counties, in that it has two
separated coastlines. Both parts of the Devon
coastline are part of the South West Coast Path.
Although Devon is now the formal and
generally accepted name, for many centuries the
county had been called "Devon" or
"Devonshire", according to personal taste, and
the latter remains in common usage. The name
Devonshire still features in some names and
titles (such as the Duke of Devonshire - although
this title is not actually linked to Devon, the
family estates being based in Derbyshire. The
Earl of Devon was more closely linked with
Devon), and is still to be seen on occasional
signposts in the county and elsewhere.
The Dorset and East
Devon Coast, otherwise known as the
Jurassic Coast, is a UNESCO World
Heritage Site. Geologically, Devon,
along with its neighbour Cornwall is
known as the "Cornubian massif".
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Cornwall (Cornish: Kernow) is a county in South West England, United Kingdom on
the peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar.
The administrative centre and only city is Truro, although historical capitals have been
Launceston and Bodmin. Cornwall covers an area of 1,376 square miles (3,563 km²),
including the Isles of Scilly, located 28 miles (45 km) offshore. Cornwall has a population of
513,528, with a population density of 144 people/km², or 373/mile².
Tourism forms a significant part of the local economy; however, Cornwall is one of the
poorest areas in the United Kingdom with the lowest per capita contribution to the national
economy.
Cornwall is the historic homeland of the Cornish people and also is considered one of
the six historic "Celtic nations" by many residents. Some inhabitants question the present
constitutional status of Cornwall, referring to it not as a county, but as a Duchy separate from
England.
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The Isles of Scilly (Cornish:
Ynysek Syllan) form an archipelago of
islands off the southwesternmost tip of
England. Traditionally administered as
part of the county of Cornwall, the
islands now have their own Council of
the Isles of Scilly. They are also
designated the Isles of Scilly Area of
Outstanding Natural Beauty.
The islands are correctly referred to as the
Isles of Scilly, or simply as Scilly; the terms "Scillies"
and "Scilly Isles" are considered incorrect by locals.
The Isles of Scilly form an archipelago of six inhabited
islands and numerous other small rocky islets (around
140 in total) lying 45 km (28 miles) off Land's End – the
most southwesterly point of England.
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Island
St. Mary's (main island)
Population
(Census
2001)
Area
km²
Main town
1,666
6.29
Hugh Town
Tresco
180
2.97
New Grimsby
St. Martin's (with White Island)
142
2.37
Higher Town
St. Agnes
67
1.48
Saint Agnes
Gugh
3
Bryher (with Gweal)
92
1.32
Bryher
Samson
-
0.38
Annet
-
0.21
St. Helen's
-
0.20
Teän
-
0.16
Great Ganilly
-
0.13
Others
-
0.50
Isles of Scilly
2,153 16.03
Hugh Town
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The Isle of Wight is
an English island and county, off the southern
English coast, to the south of the county of
Hampshire. It is part of the United Kingdom.
Popular from Victorian times as a
holiday resort, the Isle of Wight is known for
its natural beauty and as home to the Royal
Yacht Squadron at Cowes, a town that hosts a
world famous annual regatta. Colloquially, it
is known as "The Island" by its residents. It
possesses a rich history including its own
brief status as a vassal kingdom in the
fifteenth century, home to poet Alfred Lord
Tennyson and Queen Victoria's much loved
summer residence and final home Osborne
House. Its maritime history encompasses boat
building and sail making through to the
manufacture of flying boats and the world's
first hovercraft. Its space history includes the
launch of the Black Arrow and Black Knight
space rockets.
It is home to the Isle of Wight
Festival, which, in 1970, was one of the
largest rock music events ever held, with
estimates reaching 600,000 attendees,
overtaking the record set at Woodstock a
year earlier. The Isle of Wight Festival was
revived in 2002 to critical acclaim,
headliners in 2006 were Coldplay, Foo
Fighters and The Prodigy. The island is also
one of the richest fossil locations for
dinosaurs in Europe.
In 686 AD, it
became the last part of the
British Isles to convert to
Christianity, almost a century
after the rest of Great Britain.
The island is the smallest
ceremonial county in England (when
not including Bristol or the City of
London) at 380 km², just beating the
revived Rutland at 382 km². With just
one Member of Parliament and
132,731 permanent residents in the
2001 census, it is also the most
populated Parliamentary constituency
in the United Kingdom.
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Ironbridge is a settlement beside the River
Severn, at the heart of the Ironbridge Gorge in
Shropshire, England. It lies in the parish of The
Gorge, in the borough of Telford and Wrekin.
The village grew up beside, and takes its
name from the famous Iron Bridge, a 30 metre
(100 foot) cast iron bridge that was built across
the river there in 1779.
The area around Ironbridge is described as
the "Birthplace of the Industrial Revolution"
because it includes Coalbrookdale and Broseley,
where Abraham Darby I perfected the technique
of smelting iron with coke, allowing much
cheaper production of iron. The grandson of the
first Abraham Darby, Abraham Darby III, built
the famous bridge to link the two areas in 1779.
Soon afterwards the ancient Madeley market was
relocated to the new purpose built Square and
Georgian Butter Cross and the former dispersed
settlement of Madeley Wood gained a planned
urban focus as Ironbridge, the commercial and
administrative centre of the Coalbrookdale
coalfield. The Iron Bridge proprietors also built
the Tontine Hotel to accommodate visitors to the
new Bridge and the industrial sights of the Gorge.
On the hillside above the river are situated, the
stone-built 16th century hunting Lodge at Lincoln
Hill, many 17th and 18th century workers
cottages, some imposing Georgian houses built by
ironmasters and mine and barge owners, and
many early Victorian villas built from the various
coloured bricks and tiles of the locality.
The Ironbridge
By the 19th century, Ironbridge had had many well-known visitors including Benjamin
Disraeli, but by the mid-20th century the village was in decline. In 1986 though, Ironbridge became
part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site (which covers the wider Ironbridge Gorge area) and has
become a tourist attraction. Most industries in Ironbridge are now tourist related; however, the
Merrythought teddy bear company (established in 1931) was still manufacturing in Ironbridge until
December 2006, when the factory was closed.
An annual Coracle Regatta is held in August on the River Severn at Ironbridge, along with
many other events throughout the year.
The Severn Valley is a rural area of mid-western England,
through which the River Severn runs and the Severn Valley
Railway steam heritage line operates, starting at its northernmost
point in Bridgnorth Shropshire and running south for 25km (15
miles) to Bewdley Worcestershire and the Wyre Forest.
The area is about 40km (25 miles) due west of Birmingham
in the Midlands.
There is also use of this term to apply to areas around the
River Severn as far south as as Gloucester, and as far north as
Ironbridge. To the north of Bridgnorth, the area around the river
becomes much steeper and is known as Ironbridge Gorge. From
Bewdley south to Gloucester, the riverside has a much larger flood
plain and loses its distinctive "valley" hillsides. To the south of
Gloucester, it becomes the Severn Estuary.
There are riverside footpaths
throughout almost the entire length of the
Severn Valley on both sides, including
the Severn Way long distance footpath,
making it a popular haunt for anglers and
ramblers, often combining a leisurely
walk with a return trip on the Severn
Valley Railway. A number of traditional
pubs cater for the tourist trade.
At the centre of the area, between
Highley and Alveley, is the Severn Valley Country Park,
with level-access and wide flat footpaths for wheelchair
users, plus conveniences and a small visitors' centre.
During summer, it is sometimes
possible to ford the river at almost any point along the
Severn Valley, but due to the deep, fast-flowing and often
non-visible river channels, it can be dangerous to do so
without specific local knowledge.
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At the Heart of England,
Warwick has a wealth of specialist
independent shops, restaurants, pubs and
accommodation. There is also a vibrant
cultural scene with three internationally
renowned annual festivals ranging from
the Spoken Word, Classical and
Contemporary Music to a Folk Festival
and the World Famous Victorian Evening,
held in late November or early December.
Warwick Chamber of Trade helps to
promote the town for visitors, residents
and businesses.
The town is also famous for the
impressive Warwick Castle, the
construction of which began in 1068,
which attracts huge numbers of tourists
from around the world. The town centre
is also known for its historic
architecture, and contains a mixture of
Tudor and 17th-century buildings.
Warwick Castle overlooking the River
Avon, lies in the town of Warwick of the
English county of Warwickshire. It is
traditionally associated with the earldom of
Warwick, one of the oldest in England.
In the year 1264, the castle was seized
by the forces of Simon de Montfort, who
consequently imprisoned the current Earl,
William Mauduit, and his countess at
Kenilworth (who were supporters of the king
and loyals to the barons) until a ransom was
paid.
After
the
death
of
William
Mauduit, the title and
castle were passed to
William de Beauchamp.
Following the death of
William de Beauchamp,
Warwick
Castle
subsequently
passed
through
seven
generations
of
the
Beauchamp family, who
over the next 180 years
were responsible for the
majority of the additions
made to Warwick Castle.
After
the
death of the last
direct-line
Beauchamp,
Anne,
the title of Earl of
Warwick, as well as
the castle, passed to
Richard Neville ("the
Kingmaker"),
who
married the sister of
the
last
Earl
(Warwick
was
unusual in that the
earldom could be
inherited through the
female line). Warwick
Castle then passed
from Neville to his
son-in-law
(and
brother of Edward IV
of England), George
Plantagenet,
and
shortly before the
Duke's death, to his
son, Edward.
After
passing through the
hands of 20 more Earls
(and
three
more
creations of the title),
Warwick Castle has
now become a member
of the Treasure Houses
of England, a heritage
consortium founded in
the early 1970s by ten
of the foremost stately
homes in England still
in private ownership
with the aim of
marketing
and
promoting themselves
as tourist venues. In
1978, Warwick Castle
was sold to the
Tussauds Group, a
large visitor attraction
business. The Tussauds
Group have performed
extensive restorations
to the castle and
grounds in addition to
opening its gates to the
public.
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Gloucester is the county town of Gloucestershire. In 2003 the city proper had a population of
110,207. It is located on the eastern bank of the River Severn 114 miles west-north-west of London. It is
sheltered by the Cotswolds to the east, while the Forest of Dean and the Malvernh Hills rise prominently
to the west and north-west, respectively.
Gloucester is a port, linked via the Gloucester and Sharpness Canal to the Severn Estuary,
allowing larger ships to reach the docks than would be possible on the tidal reaches of the river itself.
Gloucester Cathedral
Gloucester Cathedral, in the north of the city near the river, originates in the foundation
of an abbey dedicated to Saint Peter in 681. It is the burial place of King Edward II of England,
Walter de Lacy and was recently used in scenes for the Harry Potter films.
Attached to the
deanery is the Norman
prior's chapel. In St
Mary's Square outside the
Abbey
gate,
Bishop
Hooper
suffered
martyrdom under Queen
Mary I in 1555.
Attached to the deanery is
the Norman prior's chapel.
In St Mary's Square
outside the Abbey gate,
Bishop Hooper suffered
martyrdom under Queen
Mary I in 1555.
Churches
There may be many churches
now, but in the past there were also
many dissenting chapels. Four of the
churches that are of special interest are:
St Mary de Lode, this has a
Norman tower and chancel and a
monument of Bishop Hooper. It was
built on the site of an Ancient Roman
temple which became the first Christian
church to be in Britain
St Mary de Crypt, is a cruciform
structure of the 12th century. It has later
additions, such as the beautiful and lofty
tower
The St Michael church was said
to have been connected with the St Peter
ancient abbey
The St Nicholas church that was
originally from the Norman erection
possessed a tower and other objects
since then
In the neighbourhood where St
Mary de Crypt is there are slight remains
of
Greyfriars
and
Blackfriars
monasteries, and also of the city wall.
Under the Fleece and Saracen's Head
inns early vaulted cellars still remain.
Schools
There are three endowed schools: The King's School, refounded by Henry VIII of England as
part of the cathedral establishment; the school of St Mary de Crypt, founded by Dame Joan Cooke in
the same reign (1539); and Sir Thomas Rich's Blue Coat Hospital for boys (1666). At the Crypt school
the famous preacher George Whitefield (1714-1770) was educated, and he preached his first sermon
in the church.
Modern buildings
Noteworthy modern buildings include the museum and school of art and science, the county
gaol (on the site of a Saxon and Norman castle), the Shire Hall and the Whitefield memorial church. A
park in the south of the city contains a spa, a chalybeate spring having been discovered in 1814. West
of this, across the canal, are the remains (a gateway and some walls) of Llanthony Priory, a cell of the
mother abbey in the vale of Ewyas, Monmouthshire, which in the reign of Edward IV became the
secondary establishment.
King's Square is at the heart of the city centre and occupies what was once a cattle market and
bus station. Officially opened in 1972, it was the centrepiece of a radical redesign of the city, The
Jellicoe Plan, which was first proposed in 1961. Many of the features of the redevelopment have since
been dismantled; the brutalist concrete fountains in the middle of the square have gone and the
overhead roadways which linked three multi storey car parks around the centre have been either
closed or dismantled. The present main bus station received a Civic Trust Award in 1963 but is now
tatty and unwelcoming. An indoor market opened in Eastgate Street in 1968, followed shortly
afterwards by the Eastgate Shopping Centre.
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Stratford-upon-Avon is a town on the
River Avon in south Warwickshire, England. In
2001 the town had a population of 23,676.
The town is the birthplace and deathbed
of William Shakespeare and because of its
Shakespearian connections the area is a popular
tourist destination, receiving about three million
visitors a year from all over the world. But what
is claimed to be Shakespeare's birthplace is not
in fact his origin of birth; he was born in the
house next door which was mistakenly
demolished.
The local district is
named after the town, but the
district is called Stratford-on-Avon,
whereas the town is officially
called
Stratford-upon-Avon.
Locally, the town is known as
Stratford for short, and as such can
be confused with the Stratford in
the London Borough of Newham.
The town is located on the Avon, on the banks of
which stands the Royal Shakespeare Theatre, home of the
Royal Shakespeare Company. The RSC also runs two
smaller theatres, the Swan, which is modelled on an
Elizabethan theatre, and The Other Place, a black box
theatre. There is currently also the temporary Courtyard
Theatre, opened in July 2006, which will become the home
of the RSC while the RST is being refurbished, beginning
in mid-2007. Early in 2006 The Other Place temporarily
ceased to exist because the space it occupied is being used
as the Courtyard Theatre's foyer space, cloakroom, bar
areas, dressing room and rehearsal space. The Other Place
will be reinstated after the RST refurbishment is complete
and the Courtyard Theatre is dismantled.
Other tourist attractions within the town include the
Shakespeare Birthplace Trust and two contemporary
buildings, Hall's Croft (the one-time home of Shakespeare's
daughter, Susannah) and New Place, which stands on the
site of an earlier house originally owned by the playwright
himself. Also within the town is Holy Trinity Church,
where Shakespeare was baptised and is buried.
Near to the town are several other properties
associated with Shakespeare: Anne Hathaway's Cottage at
Shottery, the former home of Shakespeare's wife, Mary
Arden's House, the former home of his mother, and farms
and buildings at Snitterfield, the former home of his father.
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For more than 2000 years Yorkshire has
dared to be different. Once a kingdom in its
own right, the region has never lost that sense
of being special. The drama of its landscapes,
the raw power of its history ad the vigour of its
culture mark his as a place where ‘ordinary’
just won’t do.
The Yorkshire Dales offers a priceless gift
and a landscape to be carefully enjoyed for
generations to come. The beauty of the Dales is
well known. It is an area of many moods. It can be
described as wild, expansive, tranquil, charming
and, at times, even awesome. However you wish to
describe it, the Dales unquestionably includes some
of the finest upland scenery in the country, making
it the perfect place to enjoy, whatever the season.
The most popular trademark of the
area is the network of dry stone walls, marking
ancient field boundaries. Although this is a
dying art, expert wallers still hold contests in
the Dales, attracting visitors from miles
around.
Timeless
landscapes
beckon the visitor to sample. From
Arkengarthdale in the north to Wharfedale in
the south, majestic scenery is the setting for
picturesque villages, bustling market towns,
caves, castles and rivers.
York is one of the most intriguing
cities in England. A city layered with
history, beauty and variety. Superbly
preserved, York has witnessed more than
2000 years of vibrant history.
Attractions in York:
Castle Museum - England's most popular
museum of everyday life including
reconstructed streets and period rooms,
costume and jewellery, arms and armour,
craft workshops;
Let 21st century technology transport you
back to Viking Age York at JORVIK
Clifford's Tower - Once the central
stronghold of York Castle, the tower has
much more turbulent origins. It was at the
heart of William the Conqueror's fearsome
Harrying of the North campaign after his
1066 invasion. For centuries after, the
King's Tower played a key role in the
control of England surviving flood, fire
and siege. The ruin still bears the name of
the medieval aristocratic traitor who was
hung from the walls - uncover the story
behind this and other great events in York
as you take in the majestic views over the
North's first city.
York Dungeon - wander
through the terrifying
Castle Howard - home to
the Howard family since 1699,
Castle Howard is so much more
than just a magnificent 18th
Century house with extensive
collections
and
breathtaking
parkland and gardens. Welcoming
around 200,000 visitors a year,
Castle Howard provides a range of
activities to suit both groups and
individuals.
Newby Hall & Garden - one of
England's renowned Adam houses, an
exceptional example of 18thC interior
decoration. Contents include unique Gobelins
tapestry room, classical statuary and fine
Chippendale furniture. With 25 acres of
award-winning gardens, exciting adventure
garden for children, miniature railway,
woodland discovery walk, contemporary
sculpture park, garden restaurant and plant
centre. Collection of chamberpots, replica
collection of Crown Jewels plus national
collection of genus cornus.
Duncombe Park - the only stately home in the North York
Moors National Park, 60 years a school, now restored to a magnificent
family home by Lord and Lady Feversham. The original 18thC house
was remodelled after a serious fire in the late 19thC. Grand interiors
and fine family pictures. Unique 35-acre, 18thC landscaped garden
with terraces, lawns, superb trees, temples and fine views, a 400-acre
park with waymarked country walks. Exhibitions and events. Parkland
centre, licensed tearoom, playground, nature reserve and orienteering.
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This is a stunning region of country walks and strolls along a
picturesque coast. An historic area of castles and magnificent gardens
with heritage around every corner. A friendly county of family hotels,
country pubs and charming cottages
NORTHUMBERLAND
NATIONAL PARK
Northumberland National
Park is an area of wild moorland,
spectacular views and open spaces,
located close to the English and
Scottish border between the city of
Newcastle and the border town of
Carlisle. At its southern end, it
encompasses the Hadrian's Wall
World Heritage Site - a stone wall
built by the Roman Emperor
Hadrian in AD122. The route of
the Wall, in many parts well
preserved, is closely followed by
the Hadrian's Wall Path National
Trail, linking many Roman forts,
museums and visitor attractions.
Another long distance trail, the
Pennine Way also follows sections
of the Hadrian's Wall. There are
also two National Cycle Routes in
the Hadrian's Wall Corridor, and
many rides are possible using quiet
roads and lanes.
NORTHUMBERLAND
Unwind in wide, wide spaces
and on long, long beaches; explore
grand castles and charming market
towns, hear echoes of Roman
legionaries and the silence of green
forests.
Northumberland's peaceful
nature belies a turbulent past: there
more castles here than anywhere else
in England. Some are still lived in,
such as Alnwick, familiar as Harry
Potter's Hogwarts School, while
others are romantic ruins. Much of the
1900-year-old Hadrian's Wall still
stands, and its route is now a World
Heritage Site and National Trail.
Walkers and picnickers can
enjoy Areas of Outstanding Natural
Beauty at the North Pennines and
Northumberland Coast, and the rolling
Cheviot Hills in the Northumberland
National Park. You can also sit in a
Skyspace and get lost in a maze, two
of the fascinating sculptures around
Kielder Water and Forest.
HADRIAN’S WALL
The peaceful byways of Hadrian's Wall
Country are ideal for exploring the beautiful
northern countryside. And when you visit, you
will know that the emphasis is on the country.
From the Scottish border in the North the area
contains the widest range of different landscapes
that anyone could wish to explore.
The ridge of the Great
Whin Sill forms crags and cliffs,
which acted as a natural defence in
Roman times. Today they provide a
vantage point over looking the rolling
hills of the Northumberland National
Park, and further afield across the
Tyne valley to the moors of the North
Pennines. Hadrian's Wall Country is
steeped in history and will reveal a
wealth of things to see, and numerous
attractions to visit en route. Castles,
gardens, visitor centres and museums
all now nestle in the country the
Romans left behind.
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Newcastle upon Tyne (most usually
shortened to Newcastle) is a city in north-east
England. Situated inside the metropolitan county
of Tyne and Wear. Newcastle is situated on the
north bank of the River Tyne, and was founded in
Roman times under the name Pons Aelius.
County Durham, Land of the Prince
Bishops is a short drive from Newcastle and
Teesside Airports and North Shields Ferry
Terminal. Located on the London – Edinburgh
railway and motorway routes. The County’s
fascinating heritage and outstanding scenery
make it an ideal holiday destinatin.
Once the Prince Bishops of Durham
ruled this land like Kings. Their magnificent
Norman cathedral and castle dominate the
skyline of historic Durhan city. In their shadow,
twisting medieval streets and wooded
riverbanks delight the visitor to this ancient city
best explored on foot. New facilities in Durhan
include the Gala Theatre and Visitor Centre.
County Durham’s impressive castles
were built to defend England’s North Country.
Auckland, Durham, Raby and Barnard Castles
are all open to the public and Lumley Castle is a
luxurious hotel famous for its Elizabethan
banquets.
The Durham Dales from part of the
North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural
Beauty. Wooded valleys, meandering rivers,
waterfalls, high moorland, spectacular views
and attractive stone built villages captivate the
visitors. Barnard Castle, a traditional market
town, is full of character and home to the
spectacular Bowes Museum, a treasure house of
paintings and decorative arts.
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Lindisfarne,
Also called Holy Island, is a tidal island off the
north-east coast of England, which is connected to the
mainland of Northumberland by a causeway and is cut off
twice a day by tides.
Lindisfarne Castle
Sited atop the volcanic mound known as Beblowe
Craig, Lindisfarne Castle is one of the most distinct and
picturesque features of the Island and can be seen for many
miles around.
Lindisfarne Priori - following the Norman conquest and the ensuing religious
changes the famous Benedictine Priory was built during the late 11th century. Contrary to
popular belief it appears not to have been built on the site of the Irish monastery founded
by St.Aidan. Indeed there may be evidence that the new landlords went to a great deal of
trouble to remove all traces of the old order. Nevertheless, the Priory was undoubtedly,
even for its time, a great feat of civil engineering. There are many unique features for the
visitor to discover and it is certainly well worth spending some time in the associated
museum. While you are there, do look around the Parish Church which does have
connections with the ancient 7th century monastery as well as traces of Saxon architecture.
So as you can see, England is worth visiting, not only for language
courses or job, but also for sightseeing. And I don't mean only London or Liverpool,
but also not as well known areas like Ironbridge, Yorkshire, Devon etc.
Wykonanie:
Bartoszczyk Krystian – materiały
Bielicka Malwina – grafika/dtp/skład - visual, materiały
Ciesielski Michał – układ, audio, materiały
Fałkowska Anna – materiały
Godyń Katarzyna – materiały
Kubacka Ewelina – materiały
Zawitowska Katarzyna - materiały
Once again?