Transcript Add -EST

Grammar:
COMPARISON
Three Types of Comparisons
1.Comparative
2.Superlative
3.Equal form
Comparative Adjectives
 When we talk about two things, we can "compare" them. We can see if they are the
same or different. Perhaps they are the same in some ways and different in other ways.
We can use comparative adjectives to describe the differences.
 We use comparative adjectives when talking about 2 things (not 3 or 10 or
1,000,000 things, only 2 things).
 Often, the comparative adjective is followed by "than".
E.g: John is 1m80. He is tall. But Chris is 1m85. He is taller than John.
America is big. But Russia is bigger.
Short Adjectives: Adj-ER + than
Long Adjectives: more + Adj + than
Superlative Adjectives
 A superlative adjective describes the extreme quality of one thing
in a group of things.
 We use a superlative adjective to describe one thing in a group of
three or more things.
E.g: John is 1m75. David is 1m80. Chris is 1m85. Chris is the tallest.
Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
Rome is the most beautiful country in the world.
When we compare one thing with itself, we do not use "the":
E.g: England is coldest in winter. (not the coldest)
My boss is most generous when we get a big order. (not the most
generous)
Short Adjs: the + Adj-EST
Long Adjs: the most +Adj
Formation of Comparative and
Superlative Adjectives
Only one syllable, ending in E
Ex: wide, fine, cute
Only one syllable, with the
spelling consonant + single
vowel + consonant
Ex: fat, big, sad
Only one syllable, with more
than one vowel or more than
one consonant at the end
Ex: clean, new, cheap
Two syllables, ending in Y
Ex: dirty, easy, happy
Two syllables ending in -ER
Ex: clever
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
Add -R: wider,
finer, cuter
Add -ST: widest,
finest, cutest
Double the
consonant, and
add -ER: fatter,
bigger, sadder
Double
the consonant,
and add -EST:
fattest, biggest,
saddest
Add -ER: cleaner,
newer, cheaper
Add -EST:
cleanest, newest,
cheapest
Change Y to I,
then add -ER:
dirtier, easier,
happier
Change Y to I,
then add -EST:
dirtiest, easiest,
happiest
Add -ER:
cleverer
Add –EST:
cleverest
Two syllables, ending in –LE
Ex: simple
Two syllables, ending in –OW
Ex: narrow
One consonant, but –Y is not
changed into –I
Ex: shy
Two syllables or more, not
ending in Y
Ex: important, expensive,
comfortable
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
Add -R: simpler
Add -ST: simplest
Double the
consonant, and
add -ER:
narrower
Double
the consonant,
and add -EST:
narrowest
Add -ER: shyer
Add -EST: shyest
Use MORE: more
important,
more expensive,
more comfortable
Use MOST: most
important,
most expensive,
most comfortable
Irregular adjectives
good
bad / ill
little (amount)
little (size)
much / many
far (distance + time)
far (distance)
late (time)
late (order)
near (place)
near (order)
old (people and things)
old (people)
better
worse
best
worst
less
smaller
more
least
smallest
most
further
farther
furthest
farthest
later
latter
nearer
latest
last
nearest
older
elder
next
oldest
eldest
Special adjectives
common
likely
pleasant
polite
simple
stupid
subtle
sure
commoner/ more commonest/ the most
common
common
likelier/ more
likely
pleasanter/ more
pleasant
politer/ more
polite
simpler/ more
simple
stupider/ more
stupid
subtler/ more
subtle
surer/ more sure
likeliest/ most likely
pleasantest/ most
pleasant
politest/ most polite
most
stupidest/ most stupid
subtlest/ most subtle
surest/ most sure
as… as
S + V + as + {adj/ adv} + as + {noun/ pronoun}
E.g: My book is as interesting as yours.
His car runs as fast as a race car.
John sings as well as his sister.
Their house is as big as that one.
His job is not as difficult as mine.
They are as lucky as we are.
… number of times + as + adj/adv + as + …
Examples:
Jimmy’s toy cars are twice as many as mine.
My sister can run three times as fast as my
brother.
Notice:
- We CAN’T use “SO” instead of “AS” in this case