Transcript Marine and Coastal Ecotourism Destination

MARINE AND COASTAL ECOTOURISM
DESTINATION TOWARDS
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN
TOURISM:
PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES
By
Ir. Firmansyah Rahim, MM.
Director General of Tourism Destination Development
Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy
Republic of Indonesia
CEBU, 21-22 February 2014
WORLD ECOTOURISM CONFERENCE
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Structure of Presentation
Marine and Coastal
Ecotourism
Destination
Policy, Regulation &
Guidelines
1
2
3
Challenges for the
Future: Linking to
Ecotourism and
Sustainable Tourism4
Best Practice and
Lesson Learned
2
1
Marine and Coastal
Ecotourism
Destination
3
“Indonesia is the largest Archipelago
and has the Fourth highest population in
the world”
more than
17,100 islands
6000 of them uninhabited
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With a land area of 1.9million km
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and 3,1million km of Sea
8 World Heritage Cultural Sites
More than 300 diverse ethnics
742 languanges and dialects
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Marine Tourism Map
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Coral Triangle
Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI) established in Indonesia, 2007 and follow by CTI Summit in
Manado, 2009. Covering six countries: East Timor, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea,
Philipphines, Solomon Islands.
Indonesia as a centre of Coral Triangle
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Development Foundation
INTERNATIONAL
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
LOCAL
GOVERNMENT
1. UNESCO:
- UNWTO 1999, agreement to
promote cultural preservation
through sustainable tourism
Universal Declaration on Cultural
Diversity of 2001,
2. Charter For Sustainable Tourism
1995
3. The Hue Declaration on Cultural
Tourism and Poverty Alleviation
2004;
4. ICOMOS 1999 International Cultural
Tourism Charter
5. WTO Tourism Code Of Conduct
6. ICOMOS Charter on the Protection
and Management of Underwater
Cultural Heritage (1996)
- Law No 10/2009 on tourism
- law No. 5/1992 on cultural heritage
object
- law No.23/1997 on natural environment
management
- law No 32/2004 on local government
- Indonesia president decree No. 16/2005
on culture and tourism development
policy
- law No. 17/1985 on UNCLOS 1982;
- law No. 6/ 1996 on indonesian waters;
- law no 27 on 2007 on coastal region and
small islands management
- Marine and fisheries minister regulation
no 16/ 2008 on coastal region and small
islands management planning
1. LOCAL REGULATION
- Tourism
- Business
- Investment
- Organizing
- Commitee
2. TOURISM
DESTINATION
DEVELOPMENT
MASTERPLAN
1. - Local wisdom and
cultural values
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Concept Development Framework
Sustainable
Development
EXISTING
Ecotourism Concept
Climate
Change
Convension
Tourism
Culture Heritage
Trend
Strategic Isues
MARINE TOURISM
PROGRAMME
MARINE TOURISM
DEVELOPMENT
Common Vision
Lack of understanding
Economic Orientation
Abundant amount of
illegal action
EXPECTED
Marine Coastal
Ecotourism
Destination
Nature oriented
Marine attraction and resources
utilization
Accomodate various
interests
Not accomodating
various interest
Marine and
Coastal
Development
Concept
Minimum amount of
illegal action
Strategic Values
Interpretation
Economic
Recreation
Ecology
Education
Socially accepted,
Undiscriminative,
People centered, Culturally
appropriate, Environmentally
sound
Social/culture
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Stakeholders
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
TOURISTS
• Facilitation
• National Policy
• Research and Development
• Promotion
• International cooperation
• Pilot Project
• Financial donation
• Sustainability support
• campaign/promotion
RELATED SECTORS
• Facilities
• Infrastucture
• Supporting facilities
RESEARCH CENTER
• Product/Tourism Package Development
• Services and quality Improvement
• Market
• Human Resources Improvement
COASTAL
SUB MARINE
MARINE
COMMUNITY/NGO
MARINE & TOURISM INDUSTRY
• Supporting facility
• Tourism product and package diversification
• Partnership development
• Tourism package promotion
MANAGEMENT
• assistance
• Financial Access
• Advocation
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
• Provide infrastructure
• program and education facilitation
• Local government policy
•Research and development
•promotion
•Regional cooperation
•Pilot Project
• Signage information
• Activity facilitation
• Preserving environment
• Information center
• Services and business cooperation
• employment
• Human resources training
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Development Strategy for Marine and
Coastal Destination
• Products based on uniqueness: (a) Sea Sports (Scuba Diving
and Snorkling, Surfing Fishing), (b) Interaction with animals
(Observe sea mammals and birds) (c) Sailing (Yachting, Sea
Kayaking) and (d) Beach Tourism (Sunbathing, Enjoying the
Scenery, and visit fishing villages).
• The involvement of the local communities
• Provide welfare benefits and environmental conservation
• Upholding local wisdom and culture of marine
• Development of locality-laden accessibility and ease of
service quality
• Promotion of responsible
• Safety and comfort
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Development
Orientation
Development
Principles
NATURAL AND
SUSTAIANABLE
MARINE
ECOLOGY
MANAGEMENT
IMRPOVING
LOCAL
COMMUNITY
WELLFARE
LOCAL
COMMUNITY
INVOLVEMENT
MARINE
TOURISM
PRODUCT
DEVELOPMENT
• Ecological, Regional marine environment can be
part of the ecosystem surrounding environment.
• Social and Cultural Rights, Region marine
environment, the local community into a livelihood
• Education, Values ​contained in the marine
environment can serve as a medium of science
education, conservation and preservation of natural
environment maritime culture.
• Commercial, natural environment and cultural
diversity in the marine area provide value and
economic benefits for local communities.
• Recreation, The appeal of history, culture,
technology, flora and fauna contained in the region
and the surrounding marine and satisfying
experience for visitors.
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Cruise Lines
Capacity
: 1000 – 6000 people
Services
: Full Package
Facilities
: Resort
Category
: Commercial
Scale
: Large Industry
•
2000-3000 passenger capacity will
produce 1000 Ton of solid, liquid and
Toxic Waste
•
Requires a port with international
standards
•
Destination income is very small
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Yachting
Capacity
: 15 – 50 People
Services
: Self Supporting
Facility
: Acomodation
Category
: Non/Commercial
Scale
: Individual
•
Largely private owned
•
Geared towards sailing for hobby and
recreation
•
Doesn’t requires port
•
Medium destination income
•
Divided into motor and sail yacht
catagory
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Liveaboard
capacity
: 10 – 25 People
services
: Diving package
Facility
: Acommodation and diving
tools
category
: commercial
Scale
: Medium sized Industry
•
Doesn’t requires port
•
Local community involvement is low
•
Destination income is low
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Ferry
capacity
: 100 – 500 people
Services
: Regular Transport
Facility
: Economy and vip
category
: Commercial
Scale
: Small to medium sized industry
•
Requires pioneer standards port
•
Community involvement on traditional
level
•
Cleanliness, safety and comfort is not
adequate
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Diving
• Indonesia is part of Coral Triangle
with more than 500 species of
corals.
• Small islands is a dominant
feature of the Coral Triangle and
thousands of kilometers coastal
areas that formed a huge
potencies of marine tourism
industry
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Sailing Activities
• Back to Down Under Rally, August –
October (Annually)
Passage Tarakan to Papua
• Wonderful Sail2Indonesia, July – October
(Annually)
Passage Saumlaki to Batam
• Darwin Ambon Race, July (Annually)
Passage Darwin to Ambon
• Sail Maluku, July – September (Annually)
Passage Darwin to Ambon and Beyond
• Sail Indonesia, July – October (Annually)
Passage Kupang to Batam
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Policy, Regulations,
and Guidelines
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Policy, Regulation, Guidelines, & Awards
(1)
POLICY AND REGULATION
Law No.10/2009 on Tourism : It underlines the importance of sustainable tourism development
for Indonesia
• Green Job and Green Tourism : setting-up a national tripartite task force on green jobs,
training/information program addressing the particular needs of the social partners (employers
and trade unions), study on the environment-employment-economy linkages in Indonesia in
response towards global climate change (started in 2011)
• National Park and Protected Area : Of the 50 national parks, 6 are World Heritage Sites, 6 are
part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves and 3 are wetlands of international
importance under the Ramsar convention. A total of 9 parks are largely marine. (started in
1980)
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Policy, Regulation, Guidelines, & Awards
(2)
• Energy Efficiency and Low Carbon Destination : as part of the commitment an environmental-friendly
approach with regards to a measurably neutral/zero carbon practices through adaptation and mitigation
of climate change’s actions for all affected cross-sectors in the destination
• Responsible Tourism : providing more rewarding holiday experiences for our guests whilst enabling local
communities to enjoy a better quality of life and conserving the natural environment.
• Development of Park and Garden : in 2011 Indonesia started to design a guideline o how to develop park
and garden as public recreational center
• Green Homestay Development : started in 20 ... A guidelines on how to develop homestay as “micro
small medium enterprises”
• The Adoption of Green Hotel Standard : an environmentally friendly and adopts energy conservation
measures relate to environmentally policy, green product, community empowerment, waste
management, energy efficiency (started in 2007)
• Regulation on Yacht : Presidential Decree no. 79/2011, on foreign yacht visit to Indonesia
• Marine and Coastal Destinations Development Guidelines, Incorporation with Ministry Marine and
Fishery Decree Nbr. 41/ 2000.
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Policy, Regulation, Guidelines, & Awards
(3)
• Community Based Ecotourism: means of development whereby the social, environmental and
economic needs of local communities are met through the offering of a tourism product, this
program is actively developed in Komodo Island, Kayan Mentarang, Tanjung Putting, Sentarum
Lake and Desa Pekraman (Bali). The objectives are:
- To design and implement community-based eco tourism program that are consistent with
local environment and culture;
- To develop the capacity of villagers to critically analyze their conditions and to plan, act and
evaluate the development (ecotourism) in their village;
- To increase the villagers economic opportunities;
- To preserve the environmental landscape and culture of the village;
- To attract tourists to indigenously created and owned community-based ecotourism program
• Eco-Guide Standard : in 2009 Indonesia set up the standard for ECOGUIDE in order to increase
professionalism and quality of guide as well as the ecotourism
• Conference on Sustainable Development in Tourism and the establishment of United Nations
Sustainable Solutions Network (UN SDSN) Southeast Asia Hubs (started in 2013) and
corporation with Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC)
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AWARD
•
•
•
•
Trihita Karana: is an initiative base on local philosophy about harmony which implement at the
promoting sustainability development become tools to prevent the impact of tourism
development for nature and culture in Bali (2000)
Citra Pesona Wisata Award by Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy: is an award event
held by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Republic of Indonesia in 2010 to the tourism
actors which have adopted the principles of sustainable tourism / green tourism
Earth Check: Indonesia is part of Earth Check a certified sustainable travel and tourism
operators; with more than 1300 clients in over 70 countries.
Green Hotel Award: Green Hotel Award : Green Hotel Award is an appreciation and recognition
of tourism stakeholders for adopting the ASEAN Green Hotel Standards into their services
(started in 2007)
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Best Practice and
Lesson Learned
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Local Government Initiative
• Bali Green Province
Initiated on 22 February 2010, Bali Green Province is the commitment of
provincial government of Bali with district and city government; private
sector, NGO, academics, and local community groups. It aims to achieve
Bali as a clean, healthy, comfortable, beautiful, and sustainable
destination.
• BGP has developed 3 core programs, which are: Green Economy, Green
Culture, and Bali Clean and Green
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Local Goverment Initiative & NGO
ACEH GREEN POLICY
• Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Strategy as
part of Aceh’s 2011 Operational Framework for
REDD+
• Implementation Logging Moratorium: a policy to
protect forests through a logging moratorium; it
has saved about 500 thousand hectares of forest
in active concessions (HPHs). Actually, the
government of Aceh has saved from deforestation
464,110 cubic meters of timber/year
• Aceh Spatial Plan : a sustainable development
vision should be referred to in the planning and
implementation of Aceh future development
• Stakeholder Engagement: a forest protection
system which involves communities through
activities and establishment local institutions
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Join Venture Initiative
Ministry of Tourism & Creative Economy, NGO, UNWTO
Pangandaran
• As a major tourism destination in West Java, Pangandaran faces both opportunities and
threats from tourism. Continuous degradation of natural resources and cultural values are
the cost it has to pay.
• Supported by UNWTO and MTCE; local community of Pangandaran and local government of
Ciamis have initiated tourism planning which combine environmental consideration and
biodiversity conservation to tourism development. Local community groups have started
adaptation initiatives by developing coral adoption tours for tourists. UNWTO and MTCE will
continue its support until 2012 in developing mitigation measures in Energy Efficiency
program; together with local hotel, tour operators, and business.
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Join Venture Initiative
Adopt a Tree
Community Groups
+ Media +
Government
Tree Adoption Program
Green Radio and Gede Pangrango NP
•
This adaptation initiative was started by Green Radio (an Indonesian radio station 89.2FM) that focuses on
green issues together with Gede Pangrango National Park.
•
It resulted in the planting of 6.000 trees, the improvement of soil quality, and the provision of alternative
production opportunities for local farmers. The Radio started its broadcasting on 28 February 2008.
Currently it has about 200.000 listeners mainly made up of environmentally-concerned younger adults
aged between 25 and 35.
Coral Adoption Program
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Private Sector Initiative
Environmentally-friendly Hotel
At the moment they are quite many environmentally
friendly hotels operating in Indonesia. It ranges from
international chain hotels who have received
international awards; local chain lodges, and also
small lodges.
Gran Melia Jakarta
• Received GREEN GLOBE 21 Benchmarked Certificate (2004)
under the new GREEN GLOBE 21 Certification program. It
has a series of mitigation measures, covering its energy and
water consumption, waste production and disposal; as well
as implementing an integrated environmental and social
policy. (pic: Gran Melia Hotel, Jakarta)
Lodges Indonesia
• Ecolodge - local chain hotel is deeply committed to the
conservation of this rich biodiversity area. All five lodges try
to implement modest mitigation measures; while also
contributing to adaptation initiative by putting a percentage
of revenue to developing and supporting a range of
conservation projects in the surrounding areas. Similar
initiatives are also tried by other lodges, i.e. Sambodja. (pic:
Sarinbuana Ecolodge, Bali)
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Tangkahan , North Sumatera
•
Tangkahan Tourism Foundation is a foundation founded by the local people in both the Namo
sialang and Sei serdang village, Langkat-North Sumatera. This foundation was formed in April
20, 2001,through the deliberation of the two villages at the Kuala Buluh public hall.
•
The mission of the Tangkahan Tourism Foundation are :
 to plant and to manage the Tangkahan area and transforming the area to become an
ecotourism destination, which has the biological diversity conservation value.
 The local people are expected to take good advantage in optimizing the availability of
local potential, for the best of themselves.
•
Activities: elephant riding, caving, forest trekking, river cruising,
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Menjangan Jungle & Beach Resort
•
Menjangan Resort is a model nature based tourism development that is contributing to the restoration and protection of both
forest and marine habitat in Bali Barat National Park. 3 conservation programs: Bali Starling Program (endemic bird), Endemic
tree planting, Habitat Management Program
•
3 Layer System is a sustainable, productive production system that combines agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry, enables
continuous provision of firewood and livestock fodder even during the long dry season in West Bali, thus improving selfsufficiency of farmers
•
Bina Cinta Alam Program is an environmental education program for pupils in local elementary schools - teach importance of
conserving nature and how their behavior can affect the environment
•
BOKASHI COMPOSTING : Committed to ecological sustainability of the resort, to make use of 25 horse manure to produce an
organic fertilizer
 mix horse manure with other organic ingredients and ferment it with microorganism - allows fast fermentation and quick
production of fertilizer.
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Challenges for the
Future (Linking to
Ecotourism and
Sustainable Tourism)
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The Importance of Ecotourism for
Indonesia
• to generate jobs and revenue, thus
providing an incentive for
preserving natural areas,
• to raise public awareness of the
many products and services
provided by natural ecosystems
and biological resources and
respect for traditional knowledge
and practices
• Ecotourism has the potential to
reconcile economic and
environmental concerns and give a
practical meaning to sustainable
development
Ecotourism in Indonesia
defined as activities of
responsible travelling in intact
areas or in areas which are
named according to the role of
nature, the purpose of such
activities being to enjoy
natural beauty, involves
education, understanding, and
supports conservation, as well
as increases the income of the
local communities.
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Marine and Coastal Destinations Linking
to Sustainable Tourism Concept
– Optimal usage of
environmental resources
– Respect Socio-cultural
authenticity of host
communities
– Ensure viable, long term
operations, providing
socio-economic benefits
to all stakeholders
– Involvement/participation
of all relevant
stakeholders as well as
strong political leadership
– Constant monitoring on
impacts
– High level of tourist
satisfaction
Quality of Life
- integration in the community
- economic feasibility
- minimal social impact
Quality of Experience
Quality of Human resources
- uniqueness
- curiosity
- imagination
- integrity
- carrying capacity
- preservation
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4 Principles of
Sustainable Tourism Development
Economic
Viable
Eviromentally
Sustainable
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
Socially and
Culturally
Acceptable
Technology
Appropriate
Source : United Nations Evironment Programme on Tourism
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Community Based Development for
Marine and Coastal Destinations
Community Based Development
Planing/
Planning
Implementation/
Management
Positioning the
community as an
active role in the
subject of the
development of
planning process
Active role in the
implementation
and development of
programs and
management
Economic impact
for the local
community
The role and position
of the community in
obtaining significant
value of benefits
(economic and sociocultural)
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Good Tourism Governance Model Through
Destination Management Organization (DMO)
and Destination Governance (DG)
• Participatory
• Enforcement And Compliance With
Statutory Law
• Transparency
• Responsiveness
• Orientation On Consensus (Forum)
• Fair
• Effective And Efficient
• Accountability And Responsibility
• Strategic Vision
• Scale, Complexity Management, and
Synergy
• Public Private Partnership
Good Tourism Governance
Goverment
Bussines
Civil
Society
Tourism Management
(Destination
Management)
Managing and Adjusting
Resource Access Included
Managers
Tourism Quality
Improvement
• Visit
• Length of Stay
• Expenditure
• Multiplier Effect
Academician/
University
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Green Tourism and Ecotourism
Linking to the Framework of Sustainable Tourism,
Sustainable Tourism and Quality Tourism
Green
Tourism
and
Ecotourism
is Sustainable
Tourism, Responsible
Tourism, Quality
Tourism
”...Tourism which takes into account the needs of
the environment, local residents, businesses, and
visitors; now and in the future”.
environmentally friendly tourist, businesses,
communities
related to physical environment, socio cultural
environment, economical environment
tourists’ satisfaction, communities’s satisfaction,
environmental satisfaction
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Challenges in Developing Marine
and Coastal Destination
• Integrated infrastructure development, management, and strategy of marketing for
ecotourism destination
• The Procedure of CAIT (Clearance Approval for Indonesian Territory)
• The mechanism of CIQP (Customs, Immigration, Quarantine, Port) process, especially in
length of stay (at least 6 months).
• Domestic/national investors in developing ecosites, marine and coastal resources
• Security image and management of marine resources.
• Environmental concerns to shipping / shipping and oil spills , excessive utilization (overexploitation).
• The competence of human resources, knowledge management, networking and
interpretation as well as value chain in tourism
• Standards, Monitoring and Evaluation: Growth of “Green” Certification
• Cluster development and promotion strategy for Southeast Asia and Asia Ecotourism Corridor
• Agenda of poverty alleviation linking to concept of "Pro-poor tourism (PPT) development and
Community Based Tourism”
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