Transcript Blood & Disorders (continued)

10
The Blood
Lesson 10.1: The Function and
Composition of the Blood
Lesson 10.2: Blood Types
Lesson 10.3: Blood Disorders and
Diseases
Chapter 10: The Blood
Lesson 10.1
The Function and
Composition of Blood
The Function and Composition of Blood
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the function of blood
the formed elements
physical properties of blood
plasma
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The Function and Composition of Blood
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manufacturing blood cells
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
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Functions of the Blood
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The Formed Elements
• solid portion of blood
• red blood cells
– carry oxygen
• white blood cells
– immune response
• platelets
– clot
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Physical Properties of Blood
• blood volume
– 4–5 liters of blood
• taste
– salty
• color
– bright red from artery
– dull red from vein
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Plasma
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liquid portion of blood
90% water
8% plasma proteins
2% mixture of
electrolytes, nutrients,
ions, respiratory
gases, hormones,
waste products
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The Composition of Blood
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Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–4 below: plasma, platelets,
bright red, red blood cell.
1. liquid portion of blood
2. carry oxygen
3. clot
4. arterial blood
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Manufacturing Blood Cells
• hematopoiesis
– making new blood cells
– stem cells make blood cells in
• red bone marrow
• lymphatic tissue
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Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
• shape and size
– disk-shaped
– 7–8 micrometers in diameter
• hemoglobin
– binds with oxygen
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Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
• erythropoiesis
– the process of making red blood cells
• recycling
– red blood cells live 120 days
– phagocytosis–RBCs recycled
– hemolysis–RBCs broken open
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White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
• neutrophils
– first responders
• eosinophils
– allergic reactions
• basophils
– produce histamine
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White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
• lymphocytes
– T cells
– B cells
– form antibodies
• monocytes
– become macrophages
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Characteristics of White Blood Cells
• granulocytes
– neutrophils
• perform phagocytosis
• kill bacteria and fungi
– eosinophils
• destroy parasitic worms
• control allergic responses
– basophils
• release histamine
• active in allergic reactions
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Characteristics of White Blood Cells
• agranulocytes
– lymphocytes
• B cells produce antibodies
• T cells and NK cells fight
cancerous tumors and viruses
– monocytes
• perform phagocytosis
• live longer than neutrophils
• morph into macrophages and
remove dead cell debris and
attack microorganisms
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Platelets (Thrombocytes)
• hemostasis
– stops bleeding
• steps of hemostasis
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vessel wall injury and constriction
platelet aggregation
platelet plug formation and coagulation
blood clot formation and retraction
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The Process of Hemostasis
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Review and Assessment
Fill in the blanks with: basophils, hemostasis,
hemoglobin, or T cell.
1. _______________ is a type of lymphocyte.
2. _______________ produce histamine.
3. _______________ binds with oxygen.
4. _______________ stops bleeding.
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Chapter 10: The Blood
Lesson 10.2
Blood Types
Blood Types
• blood types
• the Rh classification system
• complete blood count
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Blood Types
• A, B, AB, and O
• antigens and antibodies
– antigen
• on surface of RBC, identify self and non-self
– antibody
• in blood plasma, mark foreign cells
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Blood Types
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Blood Transfusions
• agglutination
– clumping of RBCs
• universal recipient
– blood type AB
• universal donor
– blood type O
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The Rh Classification System
• Rh-positive individuals
– have Rh factor antigen on RBCs
• Rh-negative individuals
– do not have Rh factor antigen on RBCs
• Rh factor complications
– erythroblastosis fetalis
– RhoGAM
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Complete Blood Count
• detects blood disorders or diseases
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Review and Assessment
True or False?
1. Blood type O is the universal donor.
2. Agglutination is the clumping of RBCs.
3. Antigens are in blood plasma.
4. Antibodies are on the surface of RBCs.
5. Rh factor is positive or negative.
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Chapter 10: The Blood
Lesson 10.3
Blood Disorders
and Diseases
Blood Disorders and Diseases
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anemia
jaundice
hemophilia
polycythemia
leukemia
multiple myeloma
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Anemia
• decrease in number of RBCs
• insufficient amount of hemoglobin
• acquired anemia
– deficient diet, parasitic worms, disease
• inherited anemia
– genetic makeup
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Acquired Anemias
• iron-deficient anemia
– insufficient dietary intake of iron
– bleeding from intestinal worms
– pregnancy
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Acquired Anemias
• aplastic anemia
– damage to stem cells in bone marrow
– causes
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toxins
radiation therapy or chemotherapy
infectious disease
heredity
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Acquired Anemias
• pernicious anemia
– intestines can not absorb vitamin B12
• anemias caused by chronic disease
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rheumatoid arthritis
kidney disease
chronic infections
cancer
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Inherited Anemias
• sickle cell anemia
– RBCs have
abnormal shape
– crises–painful
episodes
• Cooley’s anemia
– cannot produce
fully formed
hemoglobin
– cannot make
enough RBCs
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Jaundice
• yellow-colored skin and
whites of the eyes
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excess bilirubin
from breakdown of RBCs
possible liver damage
newborns
photobank.kiev.ua/Shutterstock.com
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Blood Disorders
• hemophilia
– inherited
– blood does not clot
• polycythemia
– overproduction of RBCs
– causes thick blood
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Leukemia
• cancer of the blood
• acute lymphocytic
leukemia
– over production of
lymphocytes
• acute myeloid
leukemia
– too many myeloblasts
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Leukemia
• chronic lymphocytic leukemia
– high level of lymphocytes
• chronic myeloid leukemia
– too many granulocytes
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Multiple Myeloma
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plasma cell cancer in bone marrow
may damage bone
treatable
incurable
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Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–4 below: jaundice,
leukemia, anemia, hemophilia.
1. cancer of the blood
2. blood does not clot
3. yellow colored skin
4. decrease in number of RBCs
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