Transcript 6_2 Classification of the Elementsx

Standard: 1c
Articles: 160
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-53)
Practice Problems: 162(7-9)
Homework
Cornell Notes: 6.2
Section Assessment: 162 (10-13)
Labs: 170
1
Section 6.2 Classification of the Elements
Explain why elements in the
same group have similar
properties.
Identify the four blocks of
the periodic table based on
their electron
configuration.
Section 6-2
valence electron: electron
in an atom's outermost
orbitals; determines the
chemical properties of an
atom
Elements are organized into different blocks in
the periodic table according to their electron
configurations.
Organizing the Elements by Electron Configuration
Section 6-2
Recall electrons in the highest principal energy
level are called valence electrons.
All group 1 elements have one valence
electron.
Organizing the Elements by Electron Configuration (cont.)
Section 6-2
The energy level of an element’s valence electrons
indicates the period on the periodic table in which
it is found.
The number of valence electrons for elements in groups
13-18 is ten less than their group number.
Organizing the Elements by Electron Configuration (cont.)
Section 6-2
The s-, p-, d-, and f-Block Elements
Section 6-2
The shape of the periodic table becomes clear if it
is divided into blocks representing the atom’s
energy sublevel being filled with valence
electrons.
The s-, p-, d-, and f-Block Elements (cont.)
Section 6-2
s-block elements consist of group 1 and 2,
and the element helium.
Group 1 elements have a partially filled s
orbital with one electron.
Group 2 elements have a completely filled s
orbital with two electrons.
The s-, p-, d-, and f-Block Elements (cont.)
Section 6-2
After the s-orbital is filled, valence electrons
occupy the p-orbital.
Groups 13-18 contain elements with completely
or partially filled p orbitals.
The s-, p-, d-, and f-Block Elements (cont.)
Section 6-2
The d-block contains the transition metals
and is the largest block.
There are exceptions, but d-block elements
usually have filled outermost s orbital, and
filled or partially filled d orbital.
The five d orbitals can hold 10 electrons, so the
d-block spans ten groups on the periodic
table.
The s-, p-, d-, and f-Block Elements (cont.)
Section 6-2
The f-block contains the inner transition
metals.
f-block elements have filled or partially filled
outermost s orbitals and filled or partially filled
4f and 5f orbitals.
The 7 f orbitals hold 14 electrons, and the inner
transition metals span 14 groups.
Standard: 1c
Articles: 160
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
Practice Problems: 162(7-9)
Homework
Cornell Notes: 6.2
Section Assessment: 162 (10-13)
Labs: 170
11
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
41. Why do the elements chlorine and iodine
have similar chemical properties? (6.2)
They have the same valence electron
configuration (s2p5 ).
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
42. How are the numbers of valence electrons
of the group A elements related to the group
number? (6.2)
The number of valence electrons equals the
group number for group A elements.
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
43. How is the energy level of an atom’s
valence electrons related to the period it is in
on the periodic table? (6.2)
The energy level of an atom’s valence
electrons equals its period number.
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
44. How many valence electrons do
each of the noble gases have? (6.2)
All noble gases have eight valence
electrons, except for helium, which has
two.
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
45. What are the four blocks of the periodic
table? (6.2)
s-, p-, d-, and f-block
46. In general, what electron configuration has
the greatest stability? (6.2)
2
6
ns np ,
where n is the energy level
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
47. Determine the group, period, and block
in which each of the following elements is
located on the periodic table. (6.2)
2
1
a.[Kr]5s 4d
the group, period, and block
s
2
1
a.[Kr]5s 4d
Period
Grou
p
3B
[Kr]
=36
p
d
f
18
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-53)
47.
a.Group:3B,
period 5,
d-block
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
47. Determine the group, period, and block
in which each of the following elements is
located on the periodic table. (6.2)
b.
2
10
3
[Ar]4s 3d 4p
the group, period, and block
[Ar] =18 [18+2+10+3=33
2
10
3
[Ar]4s 3d 4p
Period
s
d
f
Grou
p
5A
p
21
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
47.
b. Group-5A,
period 4,
p-block
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
47. Determine the group, period, and block
in which each of the following elements is
located on the periodic table. (6.2)
c.
2
6
[He]2s 2p
the group, period, and block
[He] =2
[2+2+6=1
0
2
6
[He]2s 2p
Period
s
p
d
f
Grou
p
8A
24
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
47.
c. Group-8A,
period 2,
p-block
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
47. Determine the group, period, and block
in which each of the following elements is
located on the periodic table. (6.2)
d.
2
1
[Ne]3s 3p
the group, period, and block
[10+2+1=13
2
1
[Ne]3s 3p
[Ne]
=10
Period
s
d
f
Grou
p
3A
p
27
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
47.
d. Group-3A,
period 3,
p-block
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
48. Categorize each of the elements in
problem 47 as a representative element or a
transition metal. (6.2)
Representative or transition
[36+2+1=39
[Kr] =36
2
1
a.[Kr]5s 4d
Representative or transition
30
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
48. Categorize each of the as a
representative element or a transition metal.
(6.2)
2
1
a.[Kr]5s 4d
transition element
Representative or transition
[18+2+10+3=33
[Ar] =18
2
10
3
[Ar]4s 3d 4p
Representative or transition
32
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
48.
b.
2
10
3
[Ar]4s 3d 4p
representative element
Representative or transition
[2+2+6=1
0
[He] =2
2
6
[He]2s 2p
Representative or transition
34
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
48.
c.
2
6
[He]2s 2p
representative element
Representative or transition
[10+2+1=13
2
1
[Ne]3s 3p
[Ne]
=10
Representative or transition
36
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
48.
d.
2
1
[Ne]3s 3p
representative element
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
49. Explain how an atom’s valence electron
configuration determines its place on the
periodic table. (6.2)
Elements in a given column have the
same number of valence electrons. The
energy level of an atom’s valence
electrons determines its period.
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
50. Write the electron configuration for the
element fitting each of the following
descriptions. (6.2)
the metal in group 5A
5d
6s
4f
Noble gas=Xe
6p
40
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
50.
a. the metal in group 5A
Bi:
2
14
10
3
[Xe]6s 4f 5d 6p
b. the halogen in period 3 Noble
gas=Ne
3s
3
p
42
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
50.
b. the halogen in period 3
Cl:
2
5
[Ne]3s 3p
2s
c. the alkali metal in period 2
44
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
50.
c. the alkali metal in period 2
Li :
1
[He]2s
transition metal that is a liquid at room temperature
5d
6s
Noble gas=Xe
4f
46
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
50.
d. the transition metal that is a liquid at room
temperature
Hg:
2
14
10
[Xe]6s 4f 5d
Standard: 1c
Articles: 160
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-53)
Cornell Notes: 6.2
Section Assessment: 162 (10-13)
Labs: 170
Practice Problems: 162(7-9)
48
Practice Problems: 162(7-9)
7. Without using the periodic table,
determine the group, period, and block of an
atom with the following electron
configurations.
a. [Ne]3s2
b. [He]2s2
c. [Kr]5s24d105p5
7. Electron
configuration
Group
Period
2
a.[Ne]3s
2A
3
Block
s
7. Electron
configuration
b.
2
[He]2s
Group
Period
2A
2
Block
s
7. Electron
configuration
c. [Kr]5s24d105p5
Group
7A
Period
5
Block
p
Practice Problems: 162(7-9)
8. Write the electron configuration of the element
fitting each of the following descriptions.
a. The group 2A element in the fourth period
b. The noble gas in the fifth period
c. The group 2B element in the fourth period
d. The group 6A element in the second period
Practice Problems: 162(7-9)
8. Write the electron configuration of the element
fitting each of the following descriptions.
a. The group 2A element in the fourth period
2
[Ar]4s
Practice Problems: 162(7-9)
8. Write the electron configuration of the element
fitting each of the following descriptions.
b. The noble gas in the fifth period
[Xe]
Practice Problems: 162(7-9)
8. Write the electron configuration of the element
fitting each of the following descriptions.
c. The group 2B element in the fourth period
2
10
[Ar]4s 3d
Practice Problems: 162(7-9)
8. Write the electron configuration of the element
fitting each of the following descriptions.
d. The group 6A element in the second period
2
4
[He]2s 2p
Practice Problems: 162(7-9)
9. What are the symbols for the elements with
the following valence electron configurations?
a. s2d1
Sc, Y, La, Ac
b. s2p3
b. N, P, As, Sb, Bi
c. s2p6
c. Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn