Transcript Lesson 3 - Physical Education, Health, and Dance

Lesson
3
Allergies, Asthma, Diabetes, and Arthritis
An allergy to pollen, called hay fever, is one of the most
common chronic diseases in the United States.
Experts estimate that 35 million people suffer from hay fever.
Lesson
3
Lesson Objectives
In this lesson, you will learn to:
• Describe the characteristics, symptoms, causes, and
treatments of noncommunicable diseases
• Examine and implement health maintenance to prevent
or manage noncommunicable diseases
• Develop strategies related to the prevention and
management of noncommunicable diseases
Lesson
3
Allergies
Causes of Allergies
• Allergies are among the common causes of illness and
disability in the United States, affecting 40 to 50 million
people.
• Pollen, foods, dust, mold spores, chemicals, insect venom,
and medicines are some of the more common allergens,
substances that cause allergies.
• Antigens on the surface of allergens bind to special
immune cells in the linings of the nasal passages, which
then release histamines.
Lesson
3
Allergies
Symptoms of Allergies
• Histamines produce sneezing, itchy eyes, runny nose, and
other such symptoms.
• Severe symptoms include hives, itching or swelling of a
stung area or the mouth, and difficulty breathing or
swallowing.
• Other severe symptoms might be a raspy voice, swelling of
the tongue, and a sharp drop in blood pressure, which can
cause dizziness.
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3
Allergies
Diagnosing Allergies
Three common methods are used to identify the source of an
allergic reaction:
1. Blood test
2. Food elimination diet
3. Skin test
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Allergies
Treating Allergies
• Sometimes allergy treatment can be as simple as avoiding
the allergen.
• When avoidance is not possible, medicines, including
antihistamines, may be suggested.
• People with severe allergies may also receive
immunotherapy.
• For food allergies, one method of treatment is avoiding
the food that causes the allergic reaction.
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3
Causes of Asthma
• More than 17 million people in the United
States have asthma, and each year more
than 5,000 Americans die of this disease.
• The bronchial tubes of people with asthma
are sensitive to certain substances called
triggers.
• Common asthma triggers include air
pollution, pet dander, and tobacco smoke,
as well as microscopic mold, pollen, and
dust mites.
Asthma
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3
Asthma
Managing Asthma
People with asthma can lead normal, active lives with proper
management that includes the following strategies:
• Monitor the condition. Recognize the warning signs of an
attack.
• Manage the environment. Reduce asthma triggers in the
environment.
• Manage stress. Stress can trigger an asthma attack.
• Take medication. Medications can be used to relieve
symptoms, prevent flare-ups, and make air passages less
sensitive to asthma triggers.
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3
Diabetes
What Is Diabetes?
• Each year approximately 1 million new cases of diabetes
are diagnosed. There is no cure for diabetes.
• In a person with diabetes, the pancreas produces too
little or no insulin, a hormone that helps glucose enter the
body’s cells.
• For the cells in the body to function, they need a constant
source of energy—glucose—from foods. If glucose is not
converted to energy, it builds up in the blood, and cells do
not get the glucose they need to function.
Lesson
3
Diabetes
Controlling Diabetes
• The only way to diagnose diabetes is through a blood test.
• Early detection of diabetes can prevent serious side effects,
such as blindness.
• Diabetes is the main cause of kidney failure, limb
amputations, and blindness in adults, as well as a major
cause of heart disease and stroke.
• If diagnosed, the disease can be successfully managed with
medication, a healthful diet, and regular moderate exercise.
Lesson
Diabetes
3
Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes, which accounts for 5 to 10
percent of all diabetes cases, appears suddenly
and progresses quickly. It is also known as an
autoimmune disease.
The body does not produce insulin, and glucose
builds up in the blood, starving cells of the
energy they need.
People with type 1 diabetes must take daily
doses of insulin.
Lesson
3
Arthritis
What Is Arthritis?
• Arthritis is one of the most common medical problems in
the world and the number one cause of disability in the
United States.
• Arthritis is more common in older people, but it can affect
anyone, including children and teens.
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3
Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
• Osteoarthritis is one of the most common types of arthritis.
• Cartilage is the strong, flexible tissue that provides
cushioning at the joints. In osteoarthritis, the cartilage
becomes pitted and frayed. In time it may wear away
completely, and bones may rub against each other.
• Although osteoarthritis affects primarily the weight-bearing
joints of the knees and hips, it can affect any joint—including
those in the fingers, lower back, and feet.
Lesson
3
Arthritis
Strategies to Reduce the Risk of Osteoarthritis
• Controlling weight: Maintaining an appropriate weight
reduces stress on joints by lessening wear and tear on
cartilage.
• Preventing sports injuries: Warming up before
exercising, adding strength training to your physical
activities, and using appropriate equipment help avoid
joint injuries and damage to ligaments and cartilage.
• Protecting against Lyme disease: Lyme disease is
spread by the bite of infected deer ticks.
Lesson
3
Arthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis affects about 2.5 million people in the
United States.
• Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is the most common form of
arthritis in children.
• Like type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis is caused by an
autoimmune disease for which there is no cure.
• The effects of this disease are usually symmetrical—both
sides of the body develop the same symptoms at the same
time and in the same pattern.
Lesson
3
Arthritis
Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is crucial. With the
use of medication, in many cases the effects of the
disease can be controlled.
• Treatment methods focus on relieving pain, reducing
inflammation and swelling, and keeping the joints moving
as normally as possible.
• A combination of exercise, rest, joint protection, and
physical and occupational therapy also can help manage
the disease.
Lesson
3
Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. Chemicals that can stimulate
mucus and fluid production in an
area are called
______________.
1. allergies
2. antihistamines
3. triggers
4. histamines
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
A. 4. histamines
Chemicals that can stimulate mucus and fluid production
in an area are called histamines.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
3
Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. ______________ is a specific
reaction of the immune system to
a foreign and frequently harmless
substance.
1. An allergy
2. Osteoarthritis
3. Asthma
4. Diabetes
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
A. 1. an allergy
An allergy is a specific reaction of the immune system to
a foreign and frequently harmless substance.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
3
Quick Review
Q. Asthma is an inflammatory condition in which the
small airways in the lungs become narrow, causing
difficulty in breathing. Which of the following are the
strategies for managing?
1. take medication and stay indoors.
2. monitor the condition, take medication, manage
stress and the environment.
3. monitor the condition, lead an organic lifestyle, take
aspirin.
4. manage stress and anxiety, limit physical activity.
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
A. 2. monitor the condition, take medication, manage
stress and the environment.
Asthma is an inflammatory condition in which the small
airways in the lungs become narrow, causing difficulty in
breathing. Strategies for managing asthma are
monitoring the condition, taking medication, managing
stress and the environment.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
3
Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. It important for individuals and family
members with diabetes to take
responsibility for establishing and
implementing health maintenance.
True
False
Lesson
A.
3
Quick Review - Answer
True. It important for individuals and family members
with diabetes to take responsibility for establishing and
implementing health maintenance.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
3
End of Lesson 3
Click Home to view the Main menu.
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
A. Correct! Chemicals that can stimulate mucus and fluid
production in an area are called histamines.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try
again, or click Next to view the correct answer.
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
A. Correct! An allergy is a specific reaction of the immune
system to a foreign and frequently harmless substance.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try
again, or click Next to view the correct answer.
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
A. Correct! Asthma is an inflammatory condition in which
the small airways in the lungs become narrow, causing
difficulty in breathing. Strategies for managing asthma
are the following: monitor the condition, take
medication, manage stress and the environment.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try
again, or click Next to view the correct answer.
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
A. Correct! It important for individuals and family
members with diabetes to take responsibility for
establishing and implementing health maintenance.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try
again, or click Next to view the correct answer.
Lesson
Diabetes
3
Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
In type 2 diabetes, the body is unable to make
enough insulin or to use insulin properly.
Treatment of type 2 diabetes includes weight
management and regular physical activity.
Individuals with this disease must carefully
monitor their diet in order to control their
blood-sugar levels.
Lesson
3
Allergies
Causes of Allergies
• Allergies are among the common causes of illness and
disability in the United States, affecting 40 to 50 million
An allergy is a
people.
specific reaction of
thedust,
immune
• Pollen, foods,
moldsystem
spores, chemicals, insect venom,
to aare
foreign
and medicines
someand
of the more common allergens,
substances frequently
that causeharmless
allergies.
substance.
• Antigens on the surface of allergens bind to special
immune cells in the linings of the nasal passages, which
then release histamines.
Lesson
3
Allergies
Causes of Allergies
• Allergies are among the common causes of illness and
disability in the United States, affecting 40 to 50 million
people.
• Pollen, foods, dust, mold spores,
chemicals, insect venom,
Histamines
and medicines are someare
of the
more common
allergens,
chemicals
that
substances that cause allergies.
can stimulate
mucus and fluid
• Antigens on the surface of allergens bind to special
production in an
immune cells in the linings of the nasal passages, which
area.
then release histamines.
Lesson
3
Causes of Asthma
• More than 17 million people in the United
States have asthma, and each year more
than 5,000 Americans die of this disease.
• The bronchial
tubes of
with asthma
Asthma
is people
an
are sensitive
to certain
substances called
inflammatory
condition
triggers.in which the trachea,
bronchi, and
• Common asthma triggers include air
bronchioles become
pollution, pet dander, and tobacco smoke,
narrowed, causing
as well as microscopic mold, pollen, and
difficulty in breathing.
dust mites.
Asthma
Lesson
3
Diabetes
What Is Diabetes?
• Each year approximately 1 million new cases of diabetes
are diagnosed. There is no cure for diabetes.
Diabetes is a
• In a person with diabetes, the
pancreas
produces too
chronic
disease
little or no insulin, a hormonethat
thataffects
helps the
glucose enter the
body’s cells.
way body cells
convert food into
• For the cells in the body to function, they need a constant
energy.
source of energy—glucose—from foods. If glucose is not
converted to energy, it builds up in the blood, and cells do
not get the glucose they need to function.
Lesson
Diabetes
3
Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
An 5
autoimmune
Type 1 diabetes, which accounts for
to 10
is suddenly
a condition in
percent of all diabetes cases,disease
appears
the immune
and progresses quickly. It is which
also known
as an
system mistakenly
autoimmune disease.
attacks itself, targeting
The body does not produce insulin, and glucose
the cells, tissues, and
builds up in the blood, starving cells of the
organs of a person’s own
energy they need.
body.
People with type 1 diabetes must take daily
doses of insulin.
Lesson
3
Arthritis
What Is Arthritis?
• Arthritis is one of the most common medical problems in
the world and the number one cause of disability in the
United States. Arthritis is a
group of more than
• Arthritis is more
common diseases
in older people, but it can affect
100 different
anyone, including
children
that cause
painand
andteens.
loss of movement in
the joints.
Lesson
3
Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
• Osteoarthritis is one of the most common types of arthritis.
• Cartilage is the strong, flexible tissue that provides
cushioningOsteoarthritis
at the joints. is
In osteoarthritis, the cartilage
a disease
thefrayed. In time it may wear away
becomes
pitted of
and
joints in
which
completely,
and
bones may rub against each other.
cartilage breaks
down.
• Although
osteoarthritis affects primarily the weight-bearing
joints of the knees and hips, it can affect any joint—including
those in the fingers, lower back, and feet.
Lesson
3
Arthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis affects about 2.5 million people in the
United States.
Rheumatoid
• Juvenile rheumatoid
arthritis is the most common form of
arthritis is a disease
arthritis in children.
characterized by the
debilitating
destruction
• Like type 1 diabetes,
rheumatoid
arthritis is caused by an
the joints
due tothere is no cure.
autoimmuneof
disease
for which
inflammation.
• The effects of this disease are usually symmetrical—both
sides of the body develop the same symptoms at the same
time and in the same pattern.