Transcript tamil cultural influences

TAMIL
CULTURAL
INFLUENCES
IN MALAYSIA
BSED I – F
Group I
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE
TAMILS
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They occupied the South Indian State of Tamil Nadu –
Southern tip of India { referred to as river with a sweet
water, not salty}
They are part of the large Dravidian group – a major
component of the populations of India
Is the oldest of all the languages under the Dravidian
family
They were the most important trading peoples of maritime
Asia
 3 Kinds of Craft
► Light coasting boats
► Larger vessel
► Ocean-going vessel – The trade relations of Tamil merchants had with
the ports of Malaya led to emergence of Indianized kingdoms –
Gangga Negara, Old Kedah, Srivijaya 1500 years ago
3 THEORIES REGARDING
THE TRANSMISSION OF
INDIAN CULTURE TO
SOUTHEAST ASIA MALAYSIA
I. THE KSHATRIYA or ARISTOCRAT
THEORY
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States that the Indian Emperors colonized Southeast Asia
There was no much proof of any Indian king as having had direct
political control over any regime in Southeast Asia
The Indianized countries of Southeast Asia were never political
dependencies of India, but rather CULTURAL COLONIES
II. THE BRAHMIN or SACERDOTE
THEORY
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States that the Indian culture was spread through the religious
activities of the Brahman priest who entered the region as spiritual
leaders
There are archeological evidences such as inscriptions and icons shiva
and different deities – coming from the Tamil country
III. THE VAISYA or
TRADERS/PROLETARIAT THEORY
► States
that the spread of Indian culture was
through the efforts of the traders
► Of
the 3 theories , only the Brahmin theory
has been accepted by a vast numbers of
historians
INSCRIPTION IN MALAY PENINSULA
► Takuapa
inscription
► Tambralinga inscription
► Tanjore inscription
► Borneo inscription
► Kedah inscription
► Ligor inscription
TAKUAPA INSCRIPTION
► It
is short inscription indicating that an artificial
lake Avani-naranam was dug by Nangur-udaiyan [
a military fief in Nangur, famous for his abilities as
a warrior], the lake was place under the protection
of the members of the Manikkiramam [ a
merchant guild ] living in a military camp
TAMBRALINGA INSCRIPTION
► There
is a bronze image of ganesha bearing
in a tamil inscription “ MAJAPISIDESA “
TANJORE INSCRIPTION
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In the ancient city of Tanjore in Tamil Nadu are inscription
dating from 1030 AD which mentions the victory of
Rajendra Chola I over Southeastern countries
In other inscription dated 1070 AD, the king of Kamboja
[Java] sent a chariot to the Chola king to seek his help and
save his kingdom
THE VICTORY OF RAJENDRA CHOLAN I AND
OTHER TANJORE INSCRIPTIONS
BORNEO INSCRIPTION
► In
Kutei island of Borneo, 7 inscriptions
have been found. They all relate to the
Kundungan clan’s rule over Borneo, his
princely family migrated from Tamil Nadu to
Borneo to established a kingdom
► All thes inscrptions are both written in
Sanskrit and Tamil
KEDAH INSCRIPTION
An inscribed stone bar, rectangular in shape , bears the yedharma formula in South Indian characters of the fourth
century AD.Proclaiming the buddhist character of the
shrine [ Pallava inscription]
► An inscription in Sanskrit left by Kulothunka Cholan I,it
shows the commercial contacts the Chola empire had with
Malaya
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LIGOR INSCRIPTION
► Refers
to the trade relationship between the
Tamil country and Malaya
TAMIL ISLAMIC MANUSCRIPT
►A
manuscript which shows that Tamils were
active in spreading Islam in Malaya. This
ancient folio dated 1192 “ WARUSHAM
SHA’BAN MASAM 4 TIRAM “, a prayer
booklet containing 15 pages, written in 2
idioms – Tamil and Malay
TAMIL INFLUENCES IN MALAYSIA
► Name
of places
► Language
► Religion
► Culture
NAME OF THE PLACES
► Malaya
and Malayu/Melayu
 Is a combination of 2 Tamil words, Malay or
Malai [hill] and ‘ur’ meaning hilltown
 The word Malaysia means “Mountains of Asia”
Pattani
 Northern part of Malaysia, Pattani in Tamil
means pea
Manigramam
 Gem- like town, Trading center of Tamil
Tondi
► Occurs
in the Tamil epic Silappdikaram
► There are 3 Tondi, one in Chera empire, the
other one is Pandayan empire and the third
Tondi in the Malay peninsula
Takkolam
►A
Tamil word for “piper cubeba”
Kedah or Kadaram
► West
coast of Malaysia
► Known as kadaram in tamil. Kadaramkondan “conqueror of Kadaram’’
Northern part of Malay peninsula
► Mayirudinggam
► Mappappalam
► Mewilimbwnggam
► Madamalingam
TAMIL WORDS in MALAY
TAMIL
akka
kadai
kappal
katikam
muthirai
nagaram
purva
raja
suniyam
MALAY
kakak
kedai
kapal
ketika
mutiara
negara
purba
raja
Sunyi
ENGLISH
elder sister
shop
ship
minute
pearl
country
ancient
king
empty/silence
RELIGION
► Hinduism
► Buddhism
► Islam
HINDUISM
► I.
Shivism
 Oldest of the 4 sect of Hinduism
 Believe in Shiva as the supreme god
► II.
Vishnu
 Believes in Rama and Krishna as supreme god
BUDDHISM
► Believes
in Siddhartha Gautama – the
awakened one
ISLAM
► Believes
to Allah as the one true god and
Mohammad as his last prophet
CULTURE
► Customs
► Festivals
CULTURE
► Marriage
Customs
FESTIVALS
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Thaipusam
 a religious festival dedicated to the Tamil deity Murugan
3 theories
KSHATRIYA
BRAHMIN
VAISYA
INSCRIPTIONS
TAKUAPA
BORNEO
TAMBRALINGA
TANJORE
KEDAH
LIGOR
INFLUENCES
NAME OF PLACES
LANGUAGES
RELIGION
Hinduism-Buddhism-Islam
CULTURE
Customs-Festivals