Transcript 位于意大利罗马的「波格赛美术馆」


位于意大利罗马的「波格赛美术馆」（Galleria Borghese），在艺术史上占
有一席之地，也是旅人们必须造访的一个美术重镇。
十七世纪时，教宗保禄五世（公元1605至1621年在位）的外甥红衣主教
Scipione Borghese收集了相当多的画作、雕塑和古董都存放于他位于波格赛
公园的别墅中
后来Borghese的别墅收归国有，就成立了「波格赛美术馆」。
美术馆总共两层，20间房间规模不大，却收藏着令人无法忽视的作品，一楼
主要包括公元1至3世纪的古典文物，包括在1834年，在Torrenova所发现
Borghese的庄园中著名的公元320-30之间的马赛克格斗士，古典和新古典雕
塑如装扮成维纳斯的宝琳娜‧波格塞Venus Victrix，她的装饰的计划包括在
第一个房间的错视画法天花板湿壁画，或由西西里岛的艺术家马里亚诺‧罗
西Mariano Rossi利用透视法的优点设计的画廊，使它看起来有立体感。
其他著名作品有山羊阿尔曼与年幼的邱比特和牧神（1615），以及阿波罗和
达芙妮（1622年至1625年）还有戴维（1623），都被认为是巴洛克式的雕塑
作品，此外，贝尼尼有三尊半身像在画廊，包括教宗保禄五世Paul V（公元
1618至20年）的两尊半身像、他的第一个赞助人枢机主教Scipione Borghese
（1632）的肖像！
Villa Borghese Park
The Galleria Borghese is situated in a park about 2 km from the centre of the city, Rome.
The gallery
The main entrance
The gallery is not big but housed in an opulent palaces. It is the most exclusive gallery in Rome. To see the collection,
visitors have to make a reservation before hand, in one of the 2-hour slots offered by the gallery.
The Building
Pope Paul V (1605-21)
Cardinal Scipione Borghese
The Emperor Room
The building was built for as the personal home of Cardinal Scipione Borghese, between 1613 and 1615. Scipione
Borghese was also the nephew of the pope Paul V. He was also a patron of Bernini. The gallery underwent an
extensive 14 years restoration in 1983 and reopened in 1997.
The Building
The Egyptian Room
The building was built as a showpiece gallery of the cardinal. The gallery is known for its collection of Bernini, Raphael
and Caravaggio masterpieces.
Ancient Greek Sculpture
Peplofora. Early 5C BC.
Possibly Greek Original
Artemis. 4C BC. Original
Ancient Greek Sculpture
The Sleeping Hermaphrodite,
original Greek, 150 BC.
The Sleeping Hermaphrodite was a 1C Roman copy of the 150 BC original sculpture by Polycles. The first
Hermaphrodite sculpture belonged to the gallery was sold to the Louvre. This current Hermaphrodite was found in
1781 and reworked by Pacetti.
Ancient Greek Sculpture
Hercules, original
Greek, 4C BC.
Dancing Satyr, original
Greek, 4C BC.
Ancient Roman Sculpture
Satyr on a Dolphin, original
Greek, 1C BC.
Iris (Egyptian godess),
Roman 2C.
In 1807, many pieces of art works were sold to Napoleon and they are now exhibit as the ‘Borghese collection’ in the
Louvre, Paris.
Raffaello – woman with Unicorn
Raphael probably did not finish the painting.
Another artist completed the portrait by
changing its pose and the size of the sleeves.
He also added a small dog and the windowsill.
Soon after, the dog was changed into a
unicorn.
In 17C the woman was changed into St
Catherine with addition of her wheel. In the
1935 restoration the 17C changes were
removed .
Woman with a Unicorn. 1505-06. Sanzio Raffaello.
Raffaello – Deposition of Christ
The painting was cleaned in
2005 and revealed the
magnificent vivid colours.
The painting was painted by
Raphael before he moved to
Rome. It was originally
placed in the church of S
Francesco al Prato in
Perugia.
The Deposition of Christ. 1507. Sanzio Raffaello.
Dosso Dossi – Melissa or Circe
The painting refers to a
romantic epic poem by
Ludovico Ariosto. It told
the
story
of
an
enchantress, Circe, who
imprisoned her lovers
within trees (see miniscule
figures of men on the tree,
top left), rocks and
animals. The lady who sat
in a magic circle was
probably Melissa, who
liberated the victims from
the spell.
The empty
armour was a reference to
the trapped knight of
Astolpho.
Note the fantasy and
opulent use of colours in
the painting and
fine
landscape
in
the
background.
Melissa or Circe, c1530. by D. Dossi.
Correggio - Danae
Danae. 1531-32. Correggio. He was responsible for some of the most vigorous and sensuous works of the 16C.
Lotto - Portrait of a Man
Portrait of a Man. 1535. Lotto.Born
in Venice, his work is always crisp
and clear. His works show the
influence of the Venetian painters
and the influence of German
painters, in his landscape.
Caravaggio – Il Bacchino Malato
Aeneas’ Flight from Troy. 1598. Barocci. Bernini must had seen this before he worked on the Aeneas
and Anchises sculpture.
Caravaggio – Il Bacchino Malato
Caravaggio
Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi is
the most important Baroque painter.
His revolutionary technique used
dramatic dark background, selective
illuminations and strong lighting
contrasts.
Many painters were
influenced by his styles, including
Artemisia
Gentileschi,
Ribera,
Honthorst, Georges de La Tour,
Rembrandt and Velazquez.
Self-Portrait as the Sick Bacchus. c1593.
Caravaggio
Caravaggio – Boy with Basket of Fruit
Caravaggio’s style is described
as ‘chiaroscuro’. The fruits in
his paintings were often overripe and starting to decay.
The leaves were wilting and
colours were fading.
Boy with a Basket of Fruit.
c1594. Caravaggio.
Caravaggio – Boy with Basket of Fruit
Caravaggio – Saint Jerome
St Jerome. 1605-06. Caravaggio.This was painted at the height of his career. Note the light
streams off the bald head of the saint.
Caravaggio – Madonna of the Palafrenieri
It is a very unusual painting of the
Madonna and child. It was
commissioned as an altarpiece in
the St Peter Basilica.
The painting shows the Virgin, with
the help of her son, trampled on a
snake, the source of the original sin.
This is an allegory of the Catholics
church (represented by the Virgin)
crashing the opposition, on the
dispute between the Catholics and
the Protestants on the original sin.
St Anne (on the right), the mother
of the Virgin was given the rough
treatment by Caravaggio.
Madonna of the Palafrenieri.
1605-06. Caravaggio.
Caravaggio – David with the Head of Goliath
Self-portrait, the head of
Caravaggio, who was wanted
by the police for murder.
Caravaggio is saying “here is
my head”.
David with the Head of Goliath.
1609-10. Caravaggio.
Domenichino – The Hunt of Diana
The Hunt of Diana. 1616. Domenichino.The painting was forcefully bought by the Scipione Borghese from the rebellious
artist Domenichino. It depicts a an archery contest, in a festive atmosphere amongst Diana’s nymphs. The
exquisite colour was part of the Veneto school ‘s style.
Domenichino – The Hunt of Diana
A colourful and a youthful Persian Sybil,
with a viola and a music book. In antiquity
sybils sang their prophecies, accompanied
with music. Domenichino was also an
expert in music.
Sybil. c1616. Domenichino.
Bernini
Bernini
It is impossible for any tourist to visit Rome without coming across
art works by Gian Lorenzo Bernini. He was a very successful artist in
the early 17C. He was the leading sculptor, a painter, play write, a
prominent architect and a stage designer.
Several of his
masterpieces are on display in the gallery. Below are some of his
works in Rome.
Bernini c1630-35
Bernini c1623
Bernini – Aeneas and Anchises
Aeneas fleeing from the burning city of Troy
carrying his elderly father, while his son
carries the sacred fire.Aeneas and Anchises.
1618-1620.
Bernini – Aeneas and Anchises
Many scholars saw the influence of Bernini’s father on the
sculpture. Some even suggested it was his father’s work.
Bernini – Rape of Proserpine
Proserpine was carried by Pluto into the
underworld.Rape of Proserpine. 1621-22.
Bernini – Rape of Proserpine
Marble softened in the hand of Bernini.
Bernini – Rape of Proserpine
Bernini – Apollo and Daphne
Life-size marble sculpture (1622-26) by Bernini.Apollo insulted Cupid, who shot him with the gold arrow of love. Knowing
Apollo was in love with Daphne, Cupid shot her with the lead arrow of hate. The sculpture showed the moment when
Apollo touched her. Sensing Apollo’s touch and the danger she turned herself into a tree to escape from Apollo.
Bernini – Apollo and Daphne
The Apollo and Daphne was one of
the four sculptures commissioned
by Cardinal Borghese.
Bernini – Apollo and Daphne
Daphne’s foot is turning
into roots.
Bernini – David
David. 1623-24. Life-size marble.
Bernini’s David is very dynamic and
compared well with previous wellknown examples of sculpture of David.
Bernini – David
Note the biting lips, the
hatred and other emotions
on His face.
Bernini – David
Bernini was very skilful in conveying
movements in his David sculpture.
Note the tension on his leg.
Canova - Pauline
Madonna and Child.
c1650. Sassoferrato.
Canova - Pauline
Pauline was Napoleon’s sister, who married one of the Borghese
Princes.Pauline Bonaparte as Venus Victrix, 1805-1808. Antonio Canova.
Canova - Pauline
By portrait Pauline in nude with an apple in her
hand, Canova elevated her to be a goddess. The
apple is a reference to the Judgement of Paris,
about beauty.
Galleria Borghese
In 1605, two months after his ascent to the papal throne, Paul V appointed his nephew Scipione Cardinal. Shortly
after he gave him the ‘vineyard’ outside Porta Pinciana, where Scipione fulfilled his artistic dream by building a villa.
Scipione Borghese was an early patron of Bernini and an enthusiastic collector of works by Caravaggio. As a result,
the gallery has a very large collection of Bernini and Caravaggio’s masterpieces. The gallery was re-opened in 1997,
after a 14 years restoration.