Transcript The Reflectoquant ® System

RQflex® - the pocket laboratory for quantitative
on-site measurements in agriculture and horticulture
21-02-2003
The Reflectoquant® System
1. The instruments
RQflex® and RQflex® plus
2. The tests
Reflectoquant® test strips
Reflectoquant® plus test kits
3. The barcode
contains all information to
operate the instrument
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The Reflectoquant® System
The instruments
RQflex® - the basic instrument
quantitative evaluation of
Reflectoquant® test strips.
RQflex® plus - with an
additional benefit
quantitative evaluation of
Reflectoquant® test strips and
Reflectoquant® plus test kits
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The Reflectoquant® System
Principle of reflectometry
I0
I
diffuse
reflectance
Kubelka-Munk equation
Emitted light is absorbed by the coloured paper.
The analyte concentration can be calculated from the
amount of absorbed light.
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The Reflectoquant® System
Double beam optics for increased accuracy
The double optic system and
the two reaction zones on the
test strip allow a simultaneous
double measurement in one
operational step.
The barcode controlled
software calculates the mean
which is displayed.
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The Reflectoquant® System
Memory and documentation
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Storage of 5 different methods simultaneously
Storage of 50 measurement results
Data transfer to PC with RQdata interface and software for
documentation
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The Reflectoquant® System
RQdata print-out
RQflex Memory
Date: 28.07.1999
User: Martina Unger-Heumann
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Meth.No.
Date
Time
Value
Unit
Method
1
26.06.
26.06.
26.06.
26.06.
27.06.
27.06.
8:00
8:02
8:03
10:47
13:22
13:23
45
42
44
153
95
97
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
Nitrate
Nitrate
Nitrate
Nitrate
Nitrate
Nitrate
2
26.06.
26.06.
27.06.
27.06.
8:15
8:18
11:31
11:35
0.57
0.63
1.15
1.10
g/l
g/l
g/l
g/l
Potassium
Potassium
Potassium
Potassium
3
06.06.
06.06.
06.06.
06.06.
06.06.
14:15
14:17
14:19
14:25
14:28
15
17
19
43
44
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
Phosphate
Phosphate
Phosphate
Phosphate
Phosphate
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The Reflectoquant® System
The Reflectoquant® tests
The product range includes
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50 different Reflectoquant® test strips
from Aluminium to Urea
6 different Reflectoquant® plus test kits
from Chlorine to Phosphate
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The Reflectoquant® System
The Reflectoquant® test strips
The Reflectoquant® test strips are chemical microchips on
a few mm2
The reaction zones are impregated with traces of all
necessary chemicals, e.g. dyes, buffers, reducing agents,
etc.
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The Reflectoquant® System
The main features of test strips and test kits
The Reflectoquant® test strips are very easy to use:
dip - wait - measure.
They detect analyte concentrations down to 1 - 10 mg/l.
The Reflectoquant® plus test kits provide high sensitivity
down to 10 - 50 µg/l, but are less convenient than a strip.
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The Reflectoquant® System
The barcode
contains
• information about the parameter
• lot-specific calibration data
• factors for wavelength control
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The Reflectoquant® System
Proven accuracy
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The Reflectoquant technology uses a 10 point calibration
More than 750 measurement data are used to produce the
calibration data on the barcode.
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The Reflectoquant® System
Quality assurance test record
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The Reflectoquant® System
Application in Agriculture and Horticulture
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Determination of nutrients in soil
Determination of nutrients in plant sap
Analysis of hydroponic solutions
Analysis of fertilizer
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The Reflectoquant® System
Sample preparation for agricultural applications
Precondition # 1: Need a liquid sample
Sample preparation:
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extract sample
squeeze sap
dilute sample
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The Reflectoquant® System
Sample preparation for soil analysis
Weigh soil
sample into
a beaker
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Filter through
Homogenize
a filter paper
soil sample
with extraction
solution
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Dip the test strip
into the solution
and start the
measurement with
RQflex®
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The Reflectoquant® System
Measurement procedure Reflectoquant® Nitrate
1
2
Press ON/OFF, select TEST and press
START; reaction time is displayed
3
5 sec before reaction time ends
insert strip into strip adapter
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Dip test strip into sample solution and
at the same time press START again
4
Read off result from the display
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The Reflectoquant® System
RQflex
Nitrate in soil from hops field [mg/kg]
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Dr. B. Lehmann
University of Munich
Dept. of Agriculture
n = 27
r = 0.993
y = 0.95x + 2.34
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
German standard method
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The Reflectoquant® System
Detailed application notes available
Nitrate in Soil Samples
Method: Reflectometric determination after reduction
to nitrite and reaction with Griess reagent
reagents
Reagents:
Reflectoquant® Nitrate Test, Cat.No. 1.16971.0001 or 1.16995.0001
Reflectometer RQflex®, Cat.No. 1.16970.0001
Calcium chloride dihydrate, Cat.No. 1.02382.0500
sample
preparation
Sample preparation:
Homogenise ca. 100 g (exactly weighed) of soil sample with 100 ml of 0.01M CaCl 2
solution by shaking for 30 minutes. Filter through nitrate-free filter paper.
measurement
procedure
Analysis:
Press the reflectometer START key and simultaneously dip the analytical test strip into
the sample (15 - 30°C) for ca. 2 seconds, ensuring that both reaction zones are
immersed. Remove all excess liquid from the strip.
Wait 60 seconds and then measure the strip in the reflectometer. The value [mg/l] will
be stored automatically. (Please refer to the RQflex® operating instructions and the
package insert of the Reflectoquant® Nitrate Test).
Calculation:
Nitrate content [mg/kg]
=
Measured value [mg/l] x Vol. CaCl2 sol.[ml]
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Weight of sample [g]
Conversion to kg nitrate-N/hectare (layer of soil):
calculation
kg nitrate-N/ha
=
A x BF x 3 x D x 0.226
where:
A = Measured value
BF = Factor for wetness of soil and extraction
= 1.41 at an extraction ratio of 1:1 and 83% dry mass
3 = For a 30 cm thick layer of soil
D = Soil density (1.5 kg/dm3)
0.226 = Conversion factor NO3 into NO3-N
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comparison
data
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The Reflectoquant® System
Measurement procedure Reflectoquant® Phosphate
1
2
Press ON/OFF, select TEST and press
START; reaction time is displayed
4
3
Dip test strip into sample solution and
at the same time press START again
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Take 5 ml sample and add 10 drops of
reagent PO4-1
5 sec before reaction time ends
insert strip into strip adapter
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5
Read
result
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The Reflectoquant® System
RQflex
Phosphate in soil [mg/100 g P2O5]
60
Prof.Dr. R. Gromes
University of Osnabrück
Dept. of Agriculture
50
40
30
n = 20
r = 0.991
y = 1.11x - 2.15
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
German standard method
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The Reflectoquant® System
Sample preparation for plant sap analysis
Squeeze plant
sample through
a garlic press
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Take 0.1 ml plant sap and
dilute it in an appropriate
ratio with deionized water
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Dip the test strip
into the solution
and start the
measurement with
RQflex®
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The Reflectoquant® System
Nitrate in sap from different plants [mg/l]
RQflex
cabbage
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
spinach
M. Takebe, T. Yoneyama
National Agriculture
Research Center
Tsukuba, Japan
n = 24
r = 0.996
y = 1.01x + 0.1
0
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cucumber
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
Ion Chromatography
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The Reflectoquant® System
Potassium in plant sap
Potassium in Plant Sap
Method: Reflectometric determination after reaction
with dipicrylamine
reagents
Reagents:
Reflectoquant® Potassium Test, Cat.No. 1.16992.0001
Reflectometer RQflex® plus or RQflex®, Cat.No. 1.16955.0001 or 1.16970.0001
Sample preparation:
Use an appropriate method to extract the sap from the plant to be analysed (e.g. a juice
extractor). Dilute the sap 1:10 with deionized water (1 part plant sap to 9 parts water)
and mix thoroughly.
measurement
procedure
sample
preparation
Analysis:
Immerse both reaction zones of the analytical test strip in the diluted sample solution
(15 - 30ºC) for approx. 2 seconds. Vigorously shake off excess liquid from the test strip.
Press the reflectometer START button and at the same time place the analytical test
strip in the minitube containing reagent K-1.
After the end of the waiting time (60 seconds), immediately remove the test strip, shake
off excess liquid and then measure the strip in the reflectometer. The value [g/l] will be
stored automatically. (Please refer to the RQflex® operating instructions and the
package insert of the Reflectoquant® Potassium Test).
Calculation:
Potassium content [g/l] = Measured value [g/l] x 10
Results:
calculation
Sample
Sap of beet leaves
Sap of maize leaves
Reflectoquant
[g/l]]
6,9
4,0
NB:
If the potassium content is below 2,5 g/l it is recommended to dilute the sap 1:500 and
to use the Reflectoquant® plus Potassium Test, Cat.No. 1.17945.0001, and the
reflectometer RQflex® plus for the analysis. In this case the displayed result has to be
multiplied by 500.
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typical
results
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The Reflectoquant® System
Sample preparation for hydroponic solutions
Mostly no sample preparation necessary.
In some cases a dilution step is necessary.
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The Reflectoquant® System
RQflex
Calcium in hydroponic solutions [mg/l]
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
n = 13
r = 0.984
y = 0.97x + 3.95
0
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20
40
60
80
100
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120
140
160
180
AAS
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The Reflectoquant® System
Sample preparation for natural fertilizer
(comparable to soil analysis)
Weigh fertilizer
sample into
a beaker
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Homogenize
sample with
extraction
solution
Filter through
a filter paper
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Dip the test strip
into the solution
and start the
measurement with
RQflex®
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The Reflectoquant® System
RQflex
Ammonium in natural fertilizer [g/kg NH4-N]
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
n = 17
r = 0.937
y = 0.95x + 0,17
0
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1
2
3
4
5
6
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7
8
9
10
Kjeldahl distillation
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The Reflectoquant® System
Comparison of costs and time
(standard method vs. Reflectoquant® system)
Standard method
Reflectoquant® system
Result
after 2-4 weeks
after 1 day
Costs
20 USD/sample
approx. 7 USD/sample
large scale trial with 651 soil samples
Coefficient of correlation: r = 0.92
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The Reflectoquant® System
Centralized vs. decentralized analyses
Sampling
Transport to lab
Preservation and
intermediate storage
Sample preparation
Sample preparation
Analysis in lab
Fast analysis on-site
Recommendation for
application of fertilizer
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The Reflectoquant® System
Your benefits
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Fast results allow to take immediate decisions
Convincing price/performance ratio saves your money
Easy handling requires minimum training even for less skilled persons
Detailed application notes provide support and solve analytical
problems
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The Reflectoquant® System
Award
At the International Agricultural Trade Show
INTERSIMA 94
in Paris the RQflex® won the
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The Reflectoquant® System
Recommendation
RQflex® and Reflectoquant® Nitrate Test are
SPAD - recommended in Japan
SPAD is a governmental project on Soil and Plant Analyzer Development.
The project is organized by the Japanese Association for Agriculture
Industry.
Goal is the practical application of instruments and methods for the
analysis of soil and plants.
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