Transcript CS1100 Intro. to Computers - oz.plymouth.edu

CS1100 Intro. to Computers
• Mr. Bailey
• Office:
• Office Hours:
• Phone:
Memorial 109
Tue. & Thu. 12:30 – 2:00
535-2535
• Lecture – One day a week
• Lab – Alternate days - Memorial 213
http://oz.plymouth.edu/~bailey
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Lecture
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Lab
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CS1100 Intro. to Computers
• Course Content
• Exams - One every 5 weeks
• Labs – One per week after lecture
• Grading
– Exams - 40%
– Labs - 40% (Late labs will lose 10% per week)
– Research Paper 10%
– Project 10%
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You will need...
Storage device
(or your “M:” drive)
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Course Content
• History of Computers
• Hardware
• Software
– Windows 7
– Word Processing
– Spreadsheets
• The Internet
• Impact of computers on our lives
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Keep Your Work
• Please keep all of your graded labs and
exams until you get your final grade.
• If I have not given you credit for
completed work, I will correct your
grade.
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How NOT to Take Notes
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Introduction to Information
Technology
The Computer as a Mind Tool
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Information Technology
• What is it?
– Definition: Information Technology (IT)
describes any technology that helps to
produce, manipulate, store, communicate,
and/or disseminate information
– Computer technology
– Communications technology
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Infotech in Entertainment
& the Arts
• Videogames
• Downloading
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Movies
Music
Term papers????
Ethical/legal questions
• Many movies use computer animation
• Digital editing
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Internet, World Wide Web, &
Cyberspace
• Internet
– The worldwide computer network
– Links thousands of smaller networks
– Originally developed to share only text and
numeric data
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What is a “Computer”
• Originally a Person who worked with
numbers
• Now a Machine
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Stonehenge
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Abacus
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Types of Computers
• Electronic
• Mechanical
• Analog
• Digital
General-purpose
Special-purpose
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“Computer”
• An electronic, general-purpose, digital
computer
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The First Electronic Digital Computer
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wGIteTE9glQ&NR=1
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Electronic Components of a
Computer
Transistor
Vacuum Tube
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Integrated Circuit
(chip)
Hand-held Computer
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A Brief History of Computers
1946
1960
1970
1980
Vacuum Tubes
IBM PC
1990
Transistors
Integrated Circuits
ENIAC
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Technology
• More progress in last 50 years than in the
preceding 10,000
• Computers partly responsible
• Computer - tool of many uses
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5 Computer Types
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Supercomputers
– Priced from $1 million to $350 million
– High-capacity machines with thousands of processors
– Multi-user systems
Mainframe Computers
Workstations
Microcomputers
Microcontrollers
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5 Computer Types
• Supercomputers
• Mainframe Computers
– Until late 1960’s, the only computer available
– Cost $5,000 - $5 million
– Multi-user systems; accessed using a terminal
– Terminals only have a keyboard and monitor; can’t be used
alone
• Workstations
• Microcomputers
• Microcontrollers
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5 Computer Types
• Supercomputers
• Mainframe Computers
• Workstations
– Introduced in early 1980s
– Expensive, powerful personal computers
– Used for scientific, mathematical, engineering, computer-aided
design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
– A less-expensive alternative to mainframes
• Microcomputers
• Microcontrollers
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5 Computer Types
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Supercomputers
Mainframe Computers
Workstations
Microcomputers
– Personal computers that cost $500 to $5000
– Used either stand-alone or in a network
– Types include: desktop, tower, notebooks, or Personal Digital
Assistants (PDAs)
Microcontrollers
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5 Computer Types
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Supercomputers
Discussion Question: Now,
Mainframe Computers
how many of you would say
you have NOT used a
Workstations
computer today?
Microcomputers
Microcontrollers
– Also called embedded computers
– Tiny, specialized microprocessors inside appliances and
automobiles
– They are in: microwaves, programmable ovens, blood-pressure
monitors, air bag sensors, vibration sensors, MP3 players, digital
cameras, e-pliances, keyboards, car engine controllers, etc.
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Why become computer savvy?
• Know what computers can do for you
• Know the limitations of computers
• Know how computers can harm you
• Know how to solve computer problems
• Know when & how to get help
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Common Computer Uses...
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Supermarket Checkout
Automobiles
CD Player
Microwave Ovens
Video Games
Home Computers
Check Processing
And Many More...
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Importance of Computers
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Speed
Accuracy
Consistency
Reliability
Storage Capacity
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Computers help to:
• Make us more productive
• Make better decisions
• Reduce costs
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The “Revolution”
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Stone Age
Bronze Age
Industrial Revolution
Information Age
Information Society
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The Information Age
• Information:
• Has value
• Is bought and sold
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Computers and Information
• Computers make:
• Data collection easier
• Production of information easier, faster,
better
• Information available in more useable
forms
• Help us be more effective
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DATA and INFORMATION
• DATA - Raw, unprocessed facts, not
very useful in their current form
• INFORMATION - The result of
processing the DATA - more useful
to us
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How Computers Work
• Processes data into information
• Uses hardware & software
• Operates by performing:
– Input
– Processing
– Storage
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- Output
- Communications
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Data Becomes Information
DATA
INPUT
PROCESSING
OUTPUT
INFORMATION
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Data Becomes Information
DATA
INPUT
PROCESSING
OUTPUT
STORAGE
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INFORMATION
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Basic Concepts of Computers
• Minimal configurations
of a typical computer
include:
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input units
output units
storage
central processing unit
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Data Becomes Information
• Example
• Supermarket Checkout
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Bar Code Reader
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Data Becomes Information
DATA
INPUT
PROCESSING
OUTPUT
STORAGE
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INFORMATION
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Basic Concepts of Computers
• Computer Hardware
• The electronics and associated mechanical
parts of the computer.
• Computer Software
• Consists of instructions that control the
hardware and cause the desired process to
happen
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The System Unit
Power Supply
Hard Drives
or
CD-ROM
Drives
System Board
Floppy Drive
Expansion Card
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Bar Code
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The Keyboard
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Ergonomic Keyboard
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Care of the Keyboard
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Telephone Keypad
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Monitors
Type
(CRT or LCD)
Size
Resolution
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Pixels
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"Touch" Screen
Restaurants
Hotels
Transportation
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Special Terminals
 ATM’s
 POS’s
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Restaurants
Specialized Keyboard
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Hamburger
Cheeseburger
Fish
Sandwich
French
Fries
Onion
Rings
Salad
Coke
Pepsi
Shake
The CPU (Central Processing
Unit)
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The “Chip” or IC
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Computer Storage (Media)
• 3 1/2" Diskette
• CD ROM
• Flash drives
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“Floppy” Disk Drive
Floppy Disk Drive
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Hard Disk Drive
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Compact Disk (CD)
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Bits and Bytes
BIT stands for Binary Digit
 A BIT is the smallest unit of
storage

• It is either ON (1) or OFF (0)
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A BYTE consists of eight BITs
1 0
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0 1 1 0 0 1
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Storage Hardware
• Storage capacity
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Byte – 1 character
Kilobyte – 1000 characters
Megabyte – 1 million characters
Gigabyte – 1 billion characters
Terabyte – 1 trillion characters
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Computer Lab
MINICOMPUTER
INTERNET
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Misuse of Computer Technology
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