Transcript Ape-Men and the Gospel

THE BIGGEST LIE
EVER TOLD
THE FIRST THING JESUS
THOUGHT OF TO TELL US ABOUT
THE LAST DAYS:
3 And as he sat upon the mount of Olives, the
disciples came unto him privately, saying, Tell
us, when shall these things be? and what shall
be the sign of thy coming, and of the end of the
world?
4 And Jesus answered and said unto them,
Take heed that no man deceive you.
Matt 24:3-4 (KJV)
The view from
the Mount of
Olives
What will happen just before
Jesus comes back?
... that day shall not come, except there come a
falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed,
the son of perdition; 4 Who opposeth and exalteth
himself above all that is called God, or that is
worshipped; so that he as God sitteth in the temple
of God, shewing himself that he is God.
2 Thess 2:3-4 (KJV)
In the 1900 years since this was written, no
one has ever sat in the temple claiming
to be God. It is still in the future.
When the Temple is rebuilt, it will
be somewhere in here.
How is the “Man of sin” going to
get people to follow him?
... Even him, whose coming is after the working of
Satan with all power and signs and lying wonders,
10 And with all deceivableness of unrighteousness
in them that perish; because they received not the
love of the truth, that they might be saved. 11 And for
this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that
they should believe a lie: 12 That they all might be
damned who believed not the truth, but had pleasure
in unrighteousness.
2 Thess 2:9-12 (KJV)
What lie could be so strong that
people refuse to love the truth and
believe it instead? And what could
this “strong delusion” be?
THE FIRST LIE EVER RECORDED
(Genesis chapter 3)
Stage 1: “Hath God said?”
Is this really the word of God?
Stage 2: “Ye shall not surely die.”
The Word of God is not reliable anyway.
Stage 3: “Ye shall be as gods.”
You don’t need God; mankind is going to
keep getting better and better!
SATAN’S TACTICS: STILL THE SAME
Stage 1: Is the Bible really the word of God?
After all, it’s changed so much that you don’t
even know if it’s what was originally written.
Stage 2: The Bible is not reliable anyway.
It’s full of mistakes and contradictions.
Stage 3: You don’t need God:
mankind is evolving!
Evolution is proven scientific fact.
WHICH PART OF GOD’S
WORD IS UNDER THE
GREATEST ATTACK?
“In the beginning God created.”
DOES EVOLUTION MATTER?
Reports across America indicate that a high
percentage of Christian students – some say
over 70% -- abandon the Christian faith within
their first year of college.
The most common reason: they cannot respond
to evolutionary claims that contradict their faith,
so they conclude Christianity is all a lie!
How many Christian youths are “ready always to
give an answer to every man that asketh you a
reason of the hope that is in you” (1 Pet. 3:15)?
THE FASTEST-GROWING
RELIGION IN AMERICA:
“NO RELIGION!”
A 2009 survey by Trinity College shows
that those who call themselves
Christians have decreased to 76%,
while “No religion” has increased to 15%.
The biggest drop has been in
churches that have abandoned the Bible.
Why such a decrease in many churches?
This know also, that in the last days perilous times
shall come. For men shall be lovers of their own
selves… Having a form of godliness,
but denying the power thereof…
Now as Jannes and Jambres withstood Moses, so do
these also resist the truth: men of corrupt minds,
reprobate concerning the faith. (2 Tim 3:1-8)
Is there a “form of godliness” in the
shrinking churches?
Of course! They are churches!
BUT HOW POWERUL IS THEIR GOD?
As of 3/27/09, almost 12,000 American MINISTERS
have signed the “Clergy Letter Project”
stating that they believe in evolution.
1,049 congregations held “Darwin Day” in February.
Their God either:
1. Doesn’t care if he tells the truth
about how everything began,
2. Lied about it on purpose, or
3. Was not intelligent enough to tell the truth
until Darwin did it for him.
Having a form of godliness but denying its power!
WHAT WE ARE CONSTANTLY TOLD:
EVOLUTION IS SCIENCE
CREATION IS NOTHING BUT
RELIGION - THE BIBLE IS
WRONG!
IS IT DIFFICULT TO KNOW THAT
THERE IS A CREATOR?
Romans 1:18 - 23
For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all
ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in
unrighteousness;
Because that which may be known of God is manifest in them; for
God hath shewed it unto them.
For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are
clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even
his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse:
Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God,
neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and
their foolish heart was darkened.
Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools,
And changed the glory of the uncorruptible God into an image
made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and fourfooted beasts,
and creeping things.
WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO “KNOW” SOMETHING?
1. Personal Experience
through the five senses.
I know a bee sting hurts;
I know how to ride a bike.
3. Logic.
I know 2 million + 2 million =
4 million, even though I’ve
never counted that high.
I know I have a brain, even
though I’ve never seen it.
2. Reliance on Authority.
I know the sun is 93
million miles away;
Jesus loves me, this I know,
for the Bible tells me so.
4. Feeling or Intuition.
I know she’s the one for
me; I know God has
called me to the ministry.
THE PREHISTORIC PAST
1. No living person has personal experience.
2. There are no eyewitness accounts except the
Bible, which is unacceptable to skeptics.
SO HOW DO WE “KNOW” ABOUT THE
BEGINNING? Through LOGIC ONLY.
HOW ABOUT
APE-MEN?
The Biblical Origin of Humans:
The first man’s body was made miraculously from the dust of the
earth. The first woman was made miraculously
from part of his body.
If Adam had not sinned, he and Eve would have lived forever.
Theistic Evolution:
(also known as “progressive creation”)
The first humans were a pair of highly evolved apelike creatures
into whom God placed souls. They came from biological parents
who were slightly less advanced than they were.
Since death had been here for billions of years, they had nothing
to do with bringing it into the world.
From birth, they were destined to die.
Atheistic Evolution:
Humans evolved by chance.
There is no such thing as an eternal soul or spirit.
But what about people who claim to
believe in both God and evolution?
It’s not the God of the Bible!
Their idea of God is that he started the
universe billions of years ago, then go out
of the way and let everything run by
evolution.
SO WHAT’S WRONG WITH THAT?
EVOLUTION
Death and struggle
led to the existence of man.
CREATION
Man was the direct cause of death and struggle.
If God used evolution, the Bible is false but if the Bible is true, evolution is false.
THE CLEAREST STATEMENT OF THE GOSPEL:
Moreover, brethren, I declare unto you the gospel which I
preached unto you, which also ye have received, and
wherein ye stand; By which also ye are saved, if ye keep in
memory what I preached unto you, unless ye have believed
in vain.
For I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received,
how that Christ died for our sins according to the
scriptures;
And that he was buried, and that he rose again the third day
according to the scriptures:
And that he was seen of Cephas, then of the twelve:
After that, he was seen of above five hundred brethren at
once; of whom the greater part remain unto this present,
but some are fallen asleep. After that, he was seen of
James; then of all the apostles. And last of all he was seen
of me also, as of one born out of due time. (1 Cor. 15:1-8)
Paul’s Defense of The Gospel
(1 Cor. 15)
Some denied the Future resurrection (v. 12) the Promise of the Gospel.
Paul’s reply (v. 17-19) - this removes our Present hope - the
Power of the Gospel.
Paul’s explanation for why Jesus had to die (v. 21-22, 45): The
fall of Adam in the Past shows the
Purpose of the Gospel.
For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the
dead. For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive. (v.
21-22)
And so it is written, The first man Adam was made a living soul; the last
Adam was made a quickening spirit. (v. 45)
If death was here before man sinned, then Adam was a myth. If the
First Adam was a myth, then what do you need a Last Adam for?
Jesus died because of something that never happened!
NO DEATH BEFORE ADAM
Gen. 1:29-30 - And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb
bearing seed, which [is] upon the face of all the earth, and every tree,
in the which [is] the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for
meat. And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and
to every thing that creepeth upon the earth, wherein [there is] life, [I
have given] every green herb for meat: and it was so.
Gen. 3:17 - And unto Adam he said, Because thou hast hearkened unto
the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I
commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat of it: cursed [is] the
ground for thy sake...
Rom. 8:19-22 - For the earnest expectation of the creature waiteth for the
manifestation of the sons of God. For the creature was made subject
to vanity, not willingly, but by reason of him who hath subjected [the
same] in hope, Because the creature itself also shall be delivered
from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the
children of God. For we know that the whole creation groaneth and
travaileth in pain together until now.
NO DEATH BEFORE ADAM
Isa. 11:6-8 - The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall
lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling
together; and a little child shall lead them. And the cow and the bear
shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together: and the lion shall
eat straw like the ox. And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the
asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice’ den.
Rom. 5:12-15 - Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and
death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have
sinned... Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over
them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam’s transgression,
who is the figure of him that was to come... For if through the offence
of one many be dead, much more the grace of God, and the gift by
grace, [which is] by one man, Jesus Christ, hath abounded unto many.
1 Cor. 15:21-22, 45 - For since by man [came] death, by man [came] also
the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ
shall all be made alive. And so it is written, The first man Adam was
made a living soul; the last Adam [was made] a quickening spirit.
AN ATHEIST ON THE
MEANING OF EVOLUTION
Christianity has fought evolution because... evolution
destroys utterly and finally the very reason Jesus’
earthly life was supposedly made necessary. Destroy
Adam and Eve and the original sin, and in the rubble
you will find the sorry remains of the son of god. (sic)
...It becomes clear now that the whole justification of
Jesus’ life and death is predicated on the existence of
Adam and the forbidden fruit he and Eve ate. Without
the original sin, who needs to be redeemed? Without
Adam’s fall into a life of constant sin terminated by
death, what purpose is there to Christianity? None.
G. Richard Bozarth, “The Meaning of Evolution,”
The American Atheist, Sept. 1978, p. 30
THE PREHISTORIC PAST
1. No living person has personal experience.
2. There are no eyewitness accounts except the
Bible, which is unacceptable to skeptics.
SO HOW DO WE “KNOW” ABOUT THE
BEGINNING? Through LOGIC ONLY.
Logical Implications of Creation and Evolution Concerning Fossil Apes and Humans:
1. If we evolved from some apelike ancestors,
it would have taken millions of years. We
should find a great many fossils of the
transitional steps (ape-men).
2. If humans were created as humans and
apes were created as apes, we should find
a complete lack of ape-men in the fossil
record.
PRIMATE FOSSILS: FEW AND FAR BETWEEN.
All the fossils of alleged human ancestors known today
“would barely cover a billiard table.”
(J. Reader, New Scientist, March 26, 1981)
“...all the physical evidence we have for human evolution
can still be placed, with room to spare, inside a single coffin.”
(L. Watson, Science Digest, May 1982)
WHY SO FEW PRIMATE FOSSILS?
EVOLUTION -- They just weren’t in the right place at the right time.
CREATION -- The Flood produced most of the fossil record, so the
creatures that were most mobile and intelligent (such as primates)
would have been least likely to be buried and fossilized.
Some primates may have been buried in LOCAL floods soon after
the global flood (ca. 4500-4000 B.C.), but humans had not yet
spread out from Babel!
PRIMATE CLASSIFICATION
Order Primates
Suborder
Prosimii
Lemurs/
Lorises
Suborder
Anthropoideia
Tarsiers
Platyrrhines
Catarrhines
Old World
Monkeys – (baboons,
mandrills,macaques, etc.)
Apes
(New World
Monkeys – Capuchin,
squirrel monkey,
howler, etc.)
Humans
OUR EVOLUTIONARY “FAMILY TREE”
Chimpanzee Gorilla
Man
Orangutan
??? Common ancestor
of African apes
Gibbon
??? Common ancestor of Asian apes
????? Common ancestor of
African apes and man
??? Common ancestor of hominoids
Old World Monkeys
New World Monkeys
??? Common ancestor of higher primates
Lemurs/Lorises
Tarsiers
??? Common ancestor of all primates
??? Transition from insectivores
??? Insectivore ancestor
Question marks represent unknown forms.
YEARS SINCE CREATION (Massoretic Text)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
1656
Death of Adam
Death of Noah
Earth divided
THE FLOOD
ADAM - 930 years -----------------------------------SETH - 912 yrs ----------------------------- d. 1042
ENOSH - 905 yrs -------------------------- d. 1140
KENAN - 910 yrs -------------------------- d. 1235
MAHALALEL - 895 yrs ----------------- d. 1290
JARED - 962 yrs --------------------------------- d. 1422
ENOCH, 365 yrs
Tower of Babel
(walked with God)
METHUSALEH --------------- 969 yrs, d. 1656 (between 1757
LAMECH - 777 yrs --------------- d. 1652
and 1996)
NOAH - 950 yrs ------------------------------- d. 2006
SHEM - 600 yrs -------- d. 2157
Arpachshad, 438 --d. 2096
Shelah, 433 -- d. 2126
Eber, 464 ------ d. 2187
Peleg, 239 -d. 1996
Reu, 239 ----d. 2026
Serug, 230 d. 2049
Nahor-147, d. 1997
Terah ----205, d. 2082
Abraham195, d. 2122
Isaac ---180, d. 2227
Jacob149, d. 2254
The Geologic (Evolutionary) Time Scale
ERA
PERIOD
EPOCH
Cenozoic
Quaternary
Holocene (Recent)
Pleistocene
Pliocene
Miocene
Oligocene
Eocene
Paleocene
Tertiary
Mesozoic
Cretaceous
Jurassic
Triassic
Paleozoic
Permian
Pennsylvanian
Mississippian
Devonian
Silurian
Ordovician
Cambrian
Archaeozoic Precambrian
(incl. Ediacaran or Vendian,
Approx. Beginning (Years Ago)
10,000
1.8 million
5.3 million
23.8 million
33.7 million
54.8 million
65 million
144 million
206 million
248 million
290 million
323 million
354 million
417 million
443 million
490 million
543 million
4.5 billion
650 million)
Source: Univ. of Calif. Museum of Paleontology
} CARBON} IFEROUS
DOES JESUS KNOW WHAT HAPPENED AT
THE BEGINNING OF THE WORLD?
John 1:1 - 3 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was
with God, and the Word was God. The same was in the
beginning with God. All things were made by him; and without
him was not any thing made that was made.
Col 1:13-17 ... his dear Son: In whom we have redemption
through his blood, even the forgiveness of sins: Who is the
image of the invisible God, the firstborn of every creature: For
by him were all things created, that are in heaven, and that are
in earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or
dominions, or principalities, or powers: all things were created
by him, and for him: And he is before all things, and by him all
things consist.
New Testament Clues for a Young Earth
J “But from the beginning of the creation God made them male and
female. For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother,
E
and cleave to his wife...” (Mark 10:6-7, quoting Gen. 2:24, the
S
creation of Eve and the origin of marriage).
U
He didn’t say “In the last one millionth of earth’s history.”
S
“... he [the devil] was a murderer from the beginning...” (Jn. 8:44)
He didn’t say “he became a murderer after millions of years.”
P
A
U
L
“... the mystery, which from the beginning of the world hath been hid
in God, who created all things by Jesus Christ: To the intent that
now unto the principalities and powers in heavenly [places]
might be known by the church the manifold wisdom of God...”
(Eph. 3:10).
Did God have to wait through 4.5 billion years of evolution before He could accomplish His purposes through the Church?
HOW LUCIFER BECAME THE DEVIL
How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! how art
thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations! For thou
hast said in thine heart, I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne
above the stars of God: I will sit also upon the mount of the congregation, in the sides of the north: I will ascend above the heights of the
clouds; I will be like the most High. (Isa. 14:12-14)
WHEN DID THIS HAPPEN?
Son of man, take up a lamentation upon the king of Tyrus, and say unto
him, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Thou sealest up the sum, full of wisdom,
and perfect in beauty. Thou hast been in Eden the garden of God; every
precious stone was thy covering, the sardius, topaz, and the diamond,
the beryl, the onyx, and the jasper, the sapphire, the emerald, and the
carbuncle, and gold: the workmanship of thy tabrets and of thy pipes
was prepared in thee in the day that thou wast created. Thou art the
anointed cherub that covereth... (Ezek 28:12-14)
Lucifer was still beautiful
when he first went into Eden!
REASONS PEOPLE BELIEVE
THE EARTH IS OLD:
1. Belief that it takes millions of years
to form a fossil.
2. Radiometric dating.
3. Geologic features (separation of continents, Grand Canyon, etc.) that are
supposed to have taken millions of
years to form.
IF THERE WAS A WORLDWIDE FLOOD,
WHAT WOULD WE EXPECT TO FIND?
Billions and billions of dead things buried in rock layers
laid down by water all over the whole earth, even on top of
the highest mountains.
WHAT DO WE ACTUALLY FIND?
Billions and billions of dead things buried in rock layers
laid down by water all over the whole earth, even on top of
the highest mountains!
HOW DO YOU MAKE A FOSSIL?
1. Bury something quickly so it doesn’t rot.
2. Make sure the right kind of minerals are in
the mud or water.
3. Apply lots of heat and pressure.
HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE?
CHICKEN BONES:
?
OIL:
?
You may have heard that it takes millions
of years to make a fossil. Wrong!
•
•
•
Chicken bones have been turned into mineralized
fossils in laboratories in 5 to 10 years.
Organic garbage (banana peels, etc.) has been
turned into crude oil, otherwise known as “fossil
fuel,” in as little as 20 minutes.
Spark plugs are often
Spark plugs from Durban harbor
used as fishing sinkers
in Durban, S. Africa.
The water has such a
high concentration of
minerals that they
become coated and
look like fossils in just
Courtesy of Joshua Gilbert
a few years!
THE FOUNDATION OF EVOLUTION:
Uniformitarianism.
This is the UNPROVABLE geological doctrine (a statement of FAITH)
that everything happens by slow, gradual, uniform processes.
(“The present is the key to the past.”)
There can never have been a worldwide flood.
The Bible warns us:
First of all you must understand this, that scoffers
will come in the last days with scoffing, following their
own passions and saying, “Where is the promise of his
coming? For ever since the fathers fell asleep, all things
have continued as they were from the beginning of
creation.
They deliberately ignore this fact, that by the word of
God heavens existed long ago, and an earth formed out
of water and by means of water, through which the world
that then existed was deluged with water and perished.
(2 Peter 3:3-7 RSV)
The Geologic (Evolutionary) Time Scale
ERA
PERIOD
EPOCH
Cenozoic
Quaternary
Holocene (Recent)
Pleistocene
Pliocene
Miocene
Oligocene
Eocene
Paleocene
Tertiary
Mesozoic
Cretaceous
Jurassic
Triassic
Paleozoic
Permian
Pennsylvanian
Mississippian
Devonian
Silurian
Ordovician
Cambrian
Archaeozoic Precambrian
(incl. Ediacaran or Vendian,
Approx. Beginning (Years Ago)
10,000
1.8 million
5.3 million
23.8 million
33.7 million
54.8 million
65 million
144 million
206 million
248 million
290 million
323 million
354 million
417 million
443 million
490 million
543 million
4.5 billion
650 million)
Source: Univ. of Calif. Museum of Paleontology
} CARBON} IFEROUS
LOWER MAMMAL ANCESTOR OF PRIMATES
UNKNOWN!
Because there is nothing else to offer in its place, the only
candidate is an insectivore called Tupaiia (a tree shrew).
Besides having major physical and anatomical differences from
primates, the tree shrew appears in the wrong layer of
the fossil record to be their ancestor.
The hypothetical ancestor of primates should have evolved millions
of years earlier than the primates themselves. However, tree shrews
first appear in the same geologic layer as primates (the Eocene).
According to evolution, this is millions of years too late.
ANCESTOR OF PROSIMIANS
UNKNOWN!
Lemurs, Lorises, and Tarsiers
all appear in the fossil record in Eocene
rocks (the same layer as tree shrews), suddenly and fully formed, with no known ancestry.
None of them have evolved since then.
Smilodectes, an Eocene lemur
Artist’s conception of Smilodectes
(Denver Museum of Natural History)
WHAT ABOUT DARWINIUS MASILLAE (“Ida”)?
One of the latest “missing links,” Darwinius masillae, was announced
in 2009 with a great deal of hype as absolute proof of evolution.
It is
nothing
It was
more than
first
the most
discovcomplete
ered in
lemur
1983.
skeleton
Why did
known so
they
far. It’s
wait so
not even
long?
the
Wikimedia Commons image
oldest!
Since this now “proves” evolution, that means
all the previous claims were lies!
Of course this one is absolutely true, right? (Until the next one!)
OUR EVOLUTIONARY “FAMILY TREE”
Chimpanzee Gorilla
Man
Orangutan
??? Common ancestor
of African apes
Gibbon
??? Common ancestor of Asian apes
????? Common ancestor of
African apes and man
??? Common ancestor of hominoids
Old World Monkeys
New World Monkeys
??? Common ancestor of higher primates
Lemurs/Lorises
Tarsiers
??? Common ancestor of all primates - UNKNOWN
??? Transition from insectivores - UNKNOWN
??? Insectivore ancestor - UNKNOWN
Question marks represent unknown forms.
The Geologic (Evolutionary) Time Scale
ERA
PERIOD
EPOCH
Cenozoic
Quaternary
Holocene (Recent)
Pleistocene
Pliocene
Miocene
Oligocene
Eocene
Paleocene
Tertiary
Mesozoic
Cretaceous
Jurassic
Triassic
Paleozoic
Permian
Pennsylvanian
Mississippian
Devonian
Silurian
Ordovician
Cambrian
Archaeozoic Precambrian
(incl. Ediacaran or Vendian,
Approx. Beginning (Years Ago)
10,000
1.8 million
5.3 million
23.8 million
33.7 million
54.8 million
65 million
144 million
206 million
248 million
290 million
323 million
354 million
417 million
443 million
490 million
543 million
4.5 billion
650 million)
Source: Univ. of Calif. Museum of Paleontology
} CARBON} IFEROUS
ANCESTOR OF MONKEYS
UNKNOWN!
OLD WORLD MONKEYS include:
Guenon monkeys,
mangabeys,
macaques,
rhesus monkeys,
drills, mandrills,
baboons, langurs,
proboscis monkeys,
guereza monkeys,
etc.
NEW WORLD MONKEYS
include:
Capuchins,
squirrel
monkeys,
spider monkeys,
howler monkeys,
marmosets,
etc.
The first monkeys appear suddenly and fully
formed in the Oligocene layer. Even the
“later” modern types appear in the fossil record suddenly with no known ancestors.
Skull of Aegyptopithecus,
believed to be an
Oligocene monkey
(Denver Museum)
OUR EVOLUTIONARY “FAMILY TREE”
Chimpanzee Gorilla
Man
Orangutan
??? Common ancestor
of African apes
Gibbon
??? Common ancestor of Asian apes
????? Common ancestor of
African apes and man
??? Common ancestor of hominoids
Old World Monkeys
New World Monkeys
??? Common ancestor of higher primates - UNKNOWN
Lemurs/Lorises
Tarsiers
??? Common ancestor of all primates - UNKNOWN
??? Transition from insectivores - UNKNOWN
??? Insectivore ancestor - UNKNOWN
Question marks represent unknown forms.
The Geologic (Evolutionary) Time Scale
ERA
PERIOD
EPOCH
Cenozoic
Quaternary
Holocene (Recent)
Pleistocene
Pliocene
Miocene
Oligocene
Eocene
Paleocene
Tertiary
Mesozoic
Cretaceous
Jurassic
Triassic
Paleozoic
Permian
Pennsylvanian
Mississippian
Devonian
Silurian
Ordovician
Cambrian
Archaeozoic Precambrian
(incl. Ediacaran or Vendian,
Approx. Beginning (Years Ago)
10,000
1.8 million
5.3 million
23.8 million
33.7 million
54.8 million
65 million
144 million
206 million
248 million
290 million
323 million
354 million
417 million
443 million
490 million
543 million
4.5 billion
650 million)
Source: Univ. of Calif. Museum of Paleontology
} CARBON} IFEROUS
ANCESTOR OF HOMINOIDS (APES AND MAN)
UNKNOWN!
AFRICAN APES
(gorillas and
chimpanzees)
appear in
the Miocene
fossil record
suddenly and fully
formed, with no known
ancestors leading up to them.
ASIAN APES
(orangutans and
gibbons) do
too. Orang
skulls are
identical to
a “12 million
year old”
Miocene fossil known as Sivapithecus.
They forgot to evolve!
OUR EVOLUTIONARY “FAMILY TREE”
Chimpanzee Gorilla
Man
Orangutan
??? Common ancestor
of African apes – UNKNOWN
Gibbon
??? Common ancestor of Asian apes
- UNKNOWN
????? Common ancestor of
African apes and man
??? Common ancestor of hominoids - UNKNOWN
Old World Monkeys
New World Monkeys
??? Common ancestor of higher primates - UNKNOWN
Lemurs/Lorises
Tarsiers
??? Common ancestor of all primates - UNKNOWN
??? Transition from insectivores - UNKNOWN
??? Insectivore ancestor - UNKNOWN
Question marks represent unknown forms.
WHY WOULD HUMANS EVOLVE FROM APES?
There would have to be a series of beneficial mutations in
DNA, each building on all the ones from previous generations.
There are about 3 billion base pairs in human DNA. Even
if it really were 98% similar to that of chimps, there would
still be 60 million genetic differences!
There would have had to be millions of beneficial
mutations in both the human and chimpanzee lines.
Though some mutations benefit individuals, we have
never seen a single one that helped the affected species,
or that added any genetic information.
WHY WOULD HUMANS EVOLVE FROM APES?
Suppose there really are only 60,000,000 genetic
differences between humans and chimps.
1. The wildest estimate for our common ancestry is about 10,000,000
years ago. This is an average of 6 beneficial mutations per year.
2. In order to be passed on, mutations must occur in breeding individuals. If the line evolving toward humans began breeding at age 10,
then each breeding individual would have to acquire an average of
60 beneficial mutations.
3. Some of the mutations would have to be identical in the males and
females; others would have to be complementary so that the
reproductive systems worked together.
4. The mutations would have to ALL be concentrated in the reproductive cells, not randomly distributed throughout the body.
5. The process could never miss a single generation, for about a
million generations!
WHY DID HUMANS EVOLVE SO MUCH?
• Most adult human brains are in the range of 1000 - 2000 cc. The
smallest ever known was about 750 cc. No ape brain ever known has
been anywhere near 750 cc.
• If we evolved by a few mutations in each generation, we should have
just a little more intelligence than we need to survive -- like chimpanzees, who know how to climb, use sticks to get insects, etc.
• Likewise, humans should be able to do things that help us survive such
as trapping animals, crossing streams, and perhaps even building
simple shelters.
• However, we have far more brain capacity than we need to simply survive. There is no reason evolution would give us the mental capacity to
design space probes or understand the detailed structure of atoms, the
fine structure constants of the universe, the dual nature of light, the
composition of distant stars, etc.
Why do we have so more brain capacity
than evolution should give us?
Candidates for Human Ancestors Through the Years
Rudapithecus
Ramapithecus
Dryopithecus
Oreopithecus
Limnopithecus
Kenyapithecus
Aegyptopithecus
Originally named from a few
bones or tooth fragments regarded as too apelike
after more evidence was
discovered.
Multiple species and genus
names assigned based on very
fragmentary evidence. Some
types given different names were
later reclassified as belonging to
the same species. All are nothing
more than apes.
WHAT IS A “SPECIES?”
To a biologist, a species
is a group whose members cannot breed with
any other group.
However, it is impossible to do breeding
experiments on extinct
animals. Researchers
have to simply guess
whether they belong to
different species, based
on how different the
specimens seem to be.
If you had only
bones to go by,
would you
guess that
Andre the
Giant (7 ft 4 in)
and Verne
Troyer (2 ft 8
in) were the
same species?
They are!
Pictures from andrethegiant.com
and rotttentomatoes.com
There is no way to be sure whether differences in extinct
creatures mean they belonged to different species, or
just showed normal variation within the same species.
Candidates for Human Ancestors Through the Years
“Nebraska Man”
Mistake
(Hesperopithecus)
Human
skull fragments
fragments
Human skull
(stained
(stained to
to look
look old)
old)
“Piltdown Man”
Filled in
in by
by
Filled
imagination
imagination
(Eoanthropus)
Fraud
Ape jaw
jaw
Ape
Artist’s conception of “Nebraska Man”
(Hesperopithecus haroldcookii) based on a
single tooth that actually belonged to a pig.
(Illustrated London News, June 24, 1922)
Fragments supposedly found in a gravel
pit in England; despite obvious file marks,
accepted as an ape-man for over 40 years
until the hoax was exposed.
(filed
(filed to
to fit
fit skull)
skull)
Cast of the Piltdown skull
at Sterkfontein
Candidates for Human Ancestors Through the Years
Proconsul
Miocene –
similar to a
small chimp
(Denver
Museum)
Sivapithecus
Miocene - skull
identical to
orangutan and
Ramapithecus
Photo by
Wikimedia
Commons
user Funk
Monk
Australopithecus (“Southern Ape,”a.k.a. Paranthropus / Zinjanthropus)
Appears suddenly, with no known ancestry. Regarded as an evolutionary dead
end – too committed in the direction of apes to be a human ancestor
The “Taung Child” – juvenile
Australopithecus africanus
(discovered 1924)
Paranthropus robustus female, discovered 1994 (also known as Australopithecus and Zinjanthropus)
“Littlefoot” – most complete
specimen of Australopithecus
known (discovered 1998)
Skull photos except Sivapithecus by the author- “Cradle of Humankind” museum, Sterkfontein, S. Africa
How Could These Belong to the Same Genus?
The “Taung Child” – juvenile
Australopithecus africanus
Paranthropus robustus
(also known as Australopithecus and Zinjanthropus)
Distorted skull of A. boisei
(Denver museum)
Like humans, apes experience drastic changes in their
faces and skulls as they mature. The specimen on the left
is believed to have died while very young, while the ones
on the right are thought to have been buried as adults.
Photos by the author- “Cradle of Humankind” museum and Denver Museum of Natural History
WHAT ABOUT “LUCY?”
(Australopithecus afarensis)
(Denver museum)
The changes are NOT based on new
discoveries. The light colored “bones” –
most of the display, including the feet -are plaster, based on imagination!
1988 photo of A. afarensis skeleton at Denver museum (9 year
old boy for size comparison)
Human feet are different
from hands; ape feet are
like hands. Right: foot of a
Hamadryas baboon.
No one has found a complete
foot of Australopithecus, but
the most complete one, from
“Littlefoot” in Sterkfontein
(see right), is typical of apes.
There is no evidence that
“Lucy” had human-type feet.
Photos by the author
The same
skeleton
in 2008.
Look how
much
more
complete
it seems,
even
showing
Lucy
walking
upright.
WHAT IF Australopithecus WALKED UPRIGHT?
The skull of Australopithecus is not at all like
humans.
Instead, it is extremely similar
to that of the bonobo, a type
of pygmy chimpanzee that
spends a fair amount of time
walking upright.
Australopithecus skull
Modern human skull
(Sterkfontein)
Professional scientists
recognize that
Australopithecus is not a
human ancestor, but an
extinct ape similar to a
chimpanzee.
Living Bonobo
(photo by Kabir Bakie – from
Wikimedia Commons)
Bonobo skull
ARDIPITHECUS RAMIDUS (“Ardi”)
Reannounced in Oct. 2009, but already known for more than 15 years.
It’s only a big deal
because it was
found in lower
(“older”) rocks
than previous
australopithecines. Not at all
human-like;
merely some sort
of extinct ape.
Based on
fragments spread
out over almost a
mile such as eight
teeth, part of the
base of a skull
found 550 m away,
and arm bone
fragments found
270 m away.
Originally classified as Australopithecus. Later renamed
Ardipithecus not because of newly discovered evidence
but because evolutionists needed a new “missing link”!
(image by Wikimedia Commons user FunkMonk)
Candidates for Human Ancestors Through the Years
Homo habilis (handy man”)
Photos by the author – Sterkfontein museum
First unearthed in 1959-60 at
the Olduvai Gorge in Kenya.
Placed in the human genus by
discoverer Louis Leakey not
because of anatomical
features but because the
bones were found with tools,
which only humans are known
to make.
Artist’s conception of habilis
Compare
H. habilis
to this
Australopithecus
skull
(Karoo
Natl. Park,
S. Africa)
However, thirteen years later Leakey found, in his words,
“bones virtually indistinguishable from those of modern
man” at a lower level. Thus, true humans must have
occupied the area before Australopithecus or H. habilis.
Many scientists recognize that H. Habilis was nothing
more than a variant of Australopithecus.
THE ONLY CANDIDATE LEFT:
Homo erectus (“upright man”)
Artist’s conception of “Java Man”
Java skullcap
First found in 1899 in the
banks of the Solo River
in Java, East Indies (Indonesia) and called Pithecanthropus
or “Java Man.” Unusually small
brain, but within the range of humans.
Undisputed Homo sapiens leg bones
Photo by the author –
Sterkfontein museum
found in the same place, so it’s not
older than humans. Later reclassified H. erectus.
WHAT IS A “SPECIES?”
To a biologist, a species
is a group whose members cannot breed with
any other group.
However, it is impossible to do breeding
experiments on extinct
animals. Researchers
have to simply guess
whether they belong to
different species, based
on how different the
specimens seem to be.
If you had only
bones to go by,
would you
guess that
Andre the
Giant (7 ft 4 in)
and Verne
Troyer (2 ft 8
in) were the
same species?
They are!
Pictures from andrethegiant.com
and rotttentomatoes.com
There is no way to be sure whether differences in extinct
creatures mean they belonged to different species, or
just showed normal variation within the same species.
THE ONLY CANDIDATE LEFT:
Homo erectus (“upright man”)
Photo by the author
“Peking Man”
skull, now
classified as H.
Erectus –
National
Museum, Xi’an,
China
H. erectus was next discovered in a cave in China in the
1920s and 1930s. At first it was called Sinanthropus or
“Peking man” – later recognized to be the same species
as “Java Man” and reclassified to its present status.
The skulls were small, but within human range. No
bones were found other than the skulls, which were all
bashed in. Undisputed human skeletons were later
found in the same cave. Many suspect cannibalism.
THE ONLY CANDIDATE LEFT:
Homo erectus (“upright man”)
H. erectus has also been found
in Kenya, Tanzania, Hungary,
and Australia.
Average skull size is low but
still within the human range.
Teeth similar to humans, not
apes.
Photos by the author –
Some creationists think it was
Sterkfontein museum
an unknown type of apelike
creature; however, most think it was an ethnic
group of H. sapiens. Whatever it was, everywhere H. erectus has been found, so have
modern type human skeletons. Rather than a
human ancestor, it was a contemporary.
Sterkfontein museum
Denver museum
ORIGIN OF RACES ACCORDING TO EVOLUTION
The full title of
Darwin’s book was
“The Origin of
Species by Means of
Natural Selection, or,
The Preservation of
Favoured Races in
the Struggle for
Life.”
All of us evolved
from the same ancestors, but some
races evolved farther
than others.
Hitler’s ideas on the
“Master Race” came
from the evolutionary writings of German scientists from
the 1800s such as
Ernst Haeckel; the
British exterminated Australian
aborigines because
they were considered a lower form
of life; American
Indians were
considered
savages, and so on.
Picture from “Our
Face From Fish to
Man” by William K.
Gregory, 1929. Guess
what race he belonged
to. (Hint: If a black
man was the author,
who would be on
top?)
Which is the most highly evolved race?
The one the evolutionists belong to!
WHO DECIDES IF A FOSSIL WAS Homo sapiens?
The authors of most evolutionary books and articles are
Europeans and Americans. They use their own ethnic
group as the defining example of Homo sapiens.
Photo by the author – Sterkfontein
However, some members of modern ethnic groups
around the world (e.g., the Quechua Indians of South
America and the Tamil and Khmer people of Asia)
have the facial characteristics typical of “Homo
erectus.” They are fully Homo sapiens –
they just don’t look like Europeans!
Artist’s conception
of “Java Man”
Modern Asians
H. erectus specimens were probably just people
that had non-European features.
Height
Physique
Cranial Volume
Evolutionary Date
Distribution
Skull form
Jaws/Teeth
Left - Homo ergaster
-- not a separate
species, but a different
name for many of the
African H. erectus
fossils (right)
Homo ergaster
Homo erectus
1.3 – 1.7 metres
Robust, but "human" skeleton
750 – 1250 cc
1.8 – 1.2 million years ago
Africa into Asia
Higher cranial vault, thinner cranial
bone, absence of sagittal keel and
certain cranial base characteristics
Robust jaw in larger individuals;
smaller teeth than H. habilis
1.3 – 1.7 metres
Robust, but "human" skeleton
750 – 1250 cc
1.8 – 0.1 million years ago
Africa, Asia and Indonesia (and Europe?)
Flat, thick skull with large occipital
and brow ridge
Robust jaw in larger individuals;
smaller teeth than H. habilis
Source: http://www.geocities.com/palaeoanthropology/Herectus.html
Photos by the author- Sterkfontein
Artist’s conception of H. ergaster
Candidates for Human Ancestors Through the Years
Homo heidelbergensis
-- considered archaic,
but accepted as true
Homo – perhaps a
variation of Neanderthal
H. heidelbergensis
H. neanderthalensis
Height
Physique
Cranial Volume
Known Date
Distribution
Skull form
Roughly 1.5 metres
Robust, but "human" skeleton
1100 – 1400 cc
400,000 – 100,000
Africa, Asia and Europe
Higher skull; face less protruding
Jaws/Teeth
Similar to H. erectus, but teeth
may be smaller
1.5 – 1.7 metres
As H. heidelbergensis, but adapted for cold
1200 – 1750 cc
150,000 – 30,000
Europe and Western Asia
Reduced brow ridge; thinner skull; large nose:
midface projection
Similar to H. heidelbergensis; teeth smaller
except for incisors; chin development in some
Source: http://www.geocities.com/palaeoanthropology/Herectus.html
Artist’s conception of Heidelbergensis
Photos by the author- Sterkfontein
Candidates for Human Ancestors Through the Years
HOW ABOUT NEANDERTHAL MAN?
Named for the Neander Valley in Europe. Some had skeletal deformities
characteristic of arthritis, rickets, or acromegaly, but most did not. On
average, Neanderthals were bigger than modern humans and had thicker
bones and bigger brains -- physically superior to modern man.
They buried their dead in what seem to be religious rituals.
Many regard them as a subspecies (separate race) of H. sapiens.
Left:
Neanderthal
skull at the
Sterkfontein
museum
Below Left: The
latest artist’s
conception of
Neanderthal (2007)
at Sterkfontein –
no longer apelike!
Right: Artist
Zdenek Burian’s
very apelike
conception of
Neanderthal
(1960).
Below right: his
conception of a
Neanderthal
burial
WEREN’T NEANDERTHALS CAVE-MEN?
What does it take to be a cave man?
You have to be a man and live in a cave.
Unusual living arrangements have
nothing to do with evolution.
Some of the people of Israel lived in
caves (Judges 6:2, 1 Sam. 13:6, Job 30:6 et al.).
Some still do. That doesn’t mean
they are ape-men!
ISN’T NEANDERTHAL DNA MUCH
DIFFERENT FROM H.Sapiens?
Recent reports have hinted that Neanderthal may have
been a subspecies of H. sapiens. However, these are
based on a single bone sample from Croatia,
supposedly over 30,000 years old.
1. Mitochondrial DNA: Out of about 16,500 base pairs, researchers were able to analyze only one 379 unit sequence. DNA breaks down in a matter of a few thousand
years, so it is difficult to obtain a good quality sample.
2. Nuclear DNA: Of the parts able to be analyzed, there was
over a 99% similarity to H. sapiens.
1. Ward & Stringer, “A molecular handle on the Neanderthals,” Nature 388
2. Green et al., “Analysis of one million base pairs of Neanderthal DNA,” Nature 444
Noonan et al., “Sequencing and analysis of Neanderthal genomic DNA,” Science, 314
CRO-MAGNON MAN
Named for a cave at Cro-Magnon, France,
where the fossils were first located.
Burian’s conception of Cro-Magnon Man in his tent village
Physically superior to modern humans; regarded as true man.
Sophisticated in culture. Elaborate cave art, tools, etc.
CRO-MAGNON MAN
Cave
painting at
Lascaux,
France showing a man
and three
boys. Note
clothing on
all four and
shoes on at
least three.
CroMagnons
are known
for cave art
of animals
and nature
scenes.
Sometimes they
painted
themselves.
(Denver
Museum)
Detail of boys (above) and
of man with bow (right)
HOW ABOUT “FLORES MAN?”
Every few years the news media report that the “missing
link” between apes and man has finally been found.
(But wait – that’s what you said last time. Were you lying then?)
The latest
candidate is
from Flores,
Indonesia;
nicknamed
“Hobbit”
because the
specimens
were less than
four feet tall.
Now recognized as
fully
human.
Nothing
more
exotic than
a group of
pygmies.
OUR EVOLUTIONARY “FAMILY TREE”
Chimpanzee Gorilla
Man
??? Common ancestor
of African apes – UNKNOWN
Orangutan
Gibbon
??? Common ancestor of Asian apes
- UNKNOWN
????? Common ancestor of
African apes and man - UNKNOWN
??? Common ancestor of hominoids - UNKNOWN
Old World Monkeys
New World Monkeys
??? Common ancestor of higher primates - UNKNOWN
Lemurs/Lorises
Tarsiers
??? Common ancestor of all primates - UNKNOWN
??? Transition from insectivores - UNKNOWN
??? Insectivore ancestor - UNKNOWN
Question marks represent unknown forms.
Logical Implications of Creation and Evolution Concerning Fossil Apes and Humans:
1. If we evolved from some apelike ancestors,
it would have taken millions of years. We
should find a great many fossils of the
transitional steps (ape-men).
2. If humans were created as humans and
apes were created as apes, we should find
a complete lack of ape-men in the fossil
record.
WHAT DO FOSSILS TELL
US ABOUT EVOLUTION?
There are fossil apes, there are fossil men,
but there are no fossil (or living) Ape-Men.
Logically, we should conclude that
evolution didn’t happen
with humans!
THE BEST EXPLANATION FOR THE
ORIGIN OF HUMANS:
“Let us make man in Our image.”
ORIGIN OF RACES ACCORDING TO EVOLUTION
The full title of
Darwin’s book was
“The Origin of
Species by Means of
Natural Selection, or,
The Preservation of
Favoured Races in
the Struggle for
Life.”
All of us evolved
from the same ancestors, but some
races evolved farther
than others.
Hitler’s ideas on the
“Master Race” came
from the evolutionary writings of German scientists from
the 1800s such as
Ernst Haeckel; the
British exterminated Australian
aborigines because
they were considered a lower form
of life; American
Indians were
considered
savages, and so on.
Picture from “Our
Face From Fish to
Man” by William K.
Gregory, 1929. Guess
what race he belonged
to. (Hint: If a black
man was the author,
who would be on
top?)
Which is the most highly evolved race?
The one the evolutionists belong to!
ORIGIN OF RACES ACCORDING TO GENESIS
1. All of us came from
Noah’s sons and their wives.
2. Until Babel people were freely interbreeding so their genes were not sorted out.
There would have been no sharply defined groups.
SOURCE OF SKIN COLORS
Possible combinations of dominant (dark skin) alleles from two parents, each with all
six possible alleles AaBbCc. Across: mother’s contribution. Vertical: father.
Each square shows the number of dark skin alleles received by an individual child.
Gametes
ABC
ABc
AbC
Abc
aBC
aBc
abC
abc
ABC
6
AABBCC
5
AABBCc
5
AABbCC
4
AABbCc
5
AaBBCC
4
AaBBCc
4
AaBbCC
3
AaBbCc
ABc
AbC
5
5
AABBCc AABbCC
4
4
AABBcc AABbCc
4
4
AABbCc AAbbCC
3
3
AABbcc AAbbCc
4
4
AaBBCc AaBbCC
3
3
AaBBcc AaBbCc
3
3
AaBbCc AabbCC
2
2
AaBbcc
AabbCc
Abc
4
AABbCc
3
AABbcc
3
AAbbCc
2
Aabbcc
3
AaBbCc
2
AaBbcc
2
AabbCc
1
Aabbcc
aBC
5
AaBBCC
4
AaBBCc
4
AaBbCC
3
AaBbCc
4
aaBBCC
3
aaBBCc
3
aaBbCC
2
aaBbCc
aBc
4
AaBBCc
3
AaBBcc
3
AaBbCc
2
AaBbcc
3
aaBBCc
2
aaBBcc
2
aaBbCc
1
aaBbcc
abC
4
AaBbCC
3
AaBbCc
3
AabbCC
2
AabbCc
3
aaBbCC
2
aaBbCc
2
aabbCC
1
aabbCc
abc
3
AaBbCc
2
AaBbcc
2
AabbCc
1
Aabbcc
2
aaBbCc
1
aaBbcc
1
aabbCc
0
aabbcc
One pair of parents could have seven different shades of offspring based on the number
of dark skin genes they pass on (from zero to six).
Source: www.sciencecases.org
ORIGIN OF RACES ACCORDING TO GENESIS
1. All of us came from
Noah’s sons and their wives.
2. Until Babel people were freely interbreeding so their genes were not sorted out.
There would have been no sharply defined groups.
3. At Babel God decided which people would speak
which languages, perhaps according to their genes.
From then on they were no longer interbreeding.
Clearly defined groups could develop quickly.
4. Natural selection did not cause the grouping, but would have reinforced it.
5. The “races” are just large extended
families within the human race. They
are a visual reminder that God will
not allow mankind to unite in
rebellion against Him.
The Devil’s First Lie to Himself:
I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the
stars of God: I will sit also upon the mount of the
congregation, in the sides of the north: I will ascend
above the heights of the clouds; I will be like the
most High… Isa. 14:13-14 (I don’t need God!)
His First Lie to Us:
Ye shall not surely die: For God doth know that in the day ye
eat thereof, then your eyes shall be opened, and ye shall be
as gods… Gen 3:4-5 (You don’t need God!)
His Modern Lie:
You are a product of evolution. You don’t need God!
THE BIGGEST LIE
EVER TOLD:
“Ye shall be as gods.”
Don’t fall for the devil’s
deception – evolution is NOT
true. You shall NOT be as gods!
The middle verse of the whole Bible:
It is better to trust in the LORD than to
put confidence in man. (Ps. 118:8)
If you have to make a choice between the word
of God and the word of scientists, trust God!
God is God; you are not.
You will never evolve and stop needing Him.
Accept it. He calls you to trust Him, surrender
your life to Him, and be saved.
For more information, contact:
David Prentice (M.Ed., M.A.S.T.)
www.originsresource.org
email: [email protected]