Transcript Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries

Bone, Joint, and
Muscle Injuries
Module 5
Bone, Joint, and Muscle
Injuries
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Skeletal system
Fractures
Dislocation
Sprain and strains
Bone, Joint, and Muscle
Injuries
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
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The Skeletal System
Bone, Joint, and Muscle
Injuries
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Function
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Body framework
Support muscles, blood vessels, and nerves
Protects vital organs such as heart, lungs, and the
brain
Bone, Joint, and Muscle
Injuries
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Fracture
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Category
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Break or crack in a bone
Closed fracture
 Skin is not broken
Open fracture
 Bone is exposed at the
surface of skin
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Fracture
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Types
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Simple fracture
 Bone is broken
Compound fracture
 Bone and tissue
damage
Complicated fracture
 Broken bone damage
organ
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Fracture
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Signs and symptoms
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Deformity, swelling and bruise on the fractured
site
Pain, and difficulty in moving
Shortening, bending, or limb twisted
Coarse grating heard or felt at bone ends
Loss of function
An open wound
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Fracture
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First aid treatment
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Immobilization
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Instruct the casualty not to move
Check for bleeding
Check for shock
Reassure the casualty
Immobilize and support the fracture
Use of bandages
Use of splints
Combination of the above
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Fracture
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Monitoring after immobilization
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Precaution
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Check fingers or toes for discoloration
Pulse check
Arrange for transport to medical facilities
Do not allow the casualty to eat, drink or smoke.
Do not move the casualty until the affected part is
immobilized unless there is immediate danger.
Do not press down directly on the protruding bone
end
Bone, Joint, and Muscle
Injuries
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Fractured Rib Cage
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Specific signs and
symptoms
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Pain on taking a deep
breath, cough or laugh
Shallow breathing
Open wound over
fracture, sucking sound
heard in the chest cavity
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Fractured Rib Cage
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Specific first aid treatment
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Precaution
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Penetrating chest wound, seal wound
Support the arm on the affected site with an
elevation sling
Place casualty in the recovery position on his
injured site allowing the uninjured side for full
capacity breathing
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Spinal Injury
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Causes
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Falling from a height
Hitting the bottom of a shallow
pool through diving
Thrown from a motorbike or
horse
Sudden slowing in a motor
vehicle
Heavy object falling across the
back
Injury to the face or the head
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Spinal Injury
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Signs and symptoms
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Deformity in the normal curvature of the spine
Tenderness over the skin of the spine
Loss of control over limbs, movement maybe
weak or absent
Loss of sensation
Abnormal sensation such as tingling or burning
Loss of bladder or bowel function
Breathing difficulties
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Spinal Injury
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Treatment
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Reassure casualty, instruct not to move
Steady the affected part by supporting the head
No unnecessary movement
Apply jaw-thrust for unconscious casualty to open
the airway
Call for ambulance
Monitor pulse, breathing
and level of response
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Spinal Injury
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Precaution
Adopt log-roll technique if the casualty has to be
moved
 Do not move the casualty from his original
position unless there is immediate danger
(To demonstrate log-roll technique)
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Bone, Joint, and Muscle
Injuries
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Immobilization
Instructor to demonstrate,
participants to practice
Fracture of radius & ulna
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Injured elbow
Fracture of Humerus
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Immobilization
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Immobilization of the lower limb
Instructor to demonstrate,
participants to practice
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Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Immobilization
Fracture of Femur
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Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Immobilization
Fracture of Knee-cap
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Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Immobilization
Fracture of Bones of hand
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Fracture of Bones of foot
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Immobilization
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Splintless method of immobilization
Elbow Fracture
(original position)
Collar Bone
Fracture
Forearm
Fracture
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Immobilization
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Improvisation
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Precaution
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In the absence of triangular bandage any
elongated item can be used e.g cloth,belts.
Monitor the blood circulation regularly at the
extremities of limbs i.e toes and thumb.
Readjust the bandage when there is indication of
increased tightness.
Bone, Joint, and Muscle
Injuries
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Joints
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Dislocated joint
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Joint injury in which the bones
are partially or completely
pulled out of position
Cause
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Place at which one bone
meets another
Joined by ligaments
Violent muscle contraction
Violent twisting
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Dislocation
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Signs and symptoms
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Treatment
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Pain
Limited movement
Shortening, bending or twisting of the area
Immobilize the affected area
Support the affected area after it has been immobilized
Check for pulse and respiration
Check for circulation at the fingers or toes every 10 mins
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Dislocation
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Precaution
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Do not reposition a dislocated bone into it’s
socket, it may cause more injury
Do not move the affected part before
immobilization
Do not allow the casualty to eat and drink
Bone, Joint, and Muscle
Injuries
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Sprains and Strains
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A sprain is a joint injury
in which some of the
fibres of a supporting
ligament are ruptured
but the continuity of the
ligament remains intact.
A strain is an
overstretching of some
part of the musculature
No dislocation is involved
in sprains and strains
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Sprains and Strains
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Signs and symptoms
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Limited movement in the joints
Pain and tenderness
Swelling and bruising
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Sprains and Strains
Treatment
RICE
Rest
Ice (<10 mins)
Compression
Elevation
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Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Sprains and Strains
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Precaution
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Ice should be wrapped in a cloth before applying
and should not exceed more than 10 minutes at
one application
Check circulation every 10 minutes after bandage
had been applied
The End
Module 5
Bone, Joint, and
Muscle Injuries
For training purpose only
Not for sale
.