Transcript FIGURE 12-1 Op-amp symbols and packages.

FIGURE 12-1 Op-amp symbols and packages.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
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FIGURE 12-2 Basic op-amp representations.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-3 Basic internal arrangement of an op-amp.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-4 Single-ended input mode.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-5 Differential input mode.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-6 Common-mode operation.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-7 Input bias current is the average of the two op-amp input currents.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 12-8 Op-amp input impedance.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-9 Effect of input offset current.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-10 Op-amp output impedance.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-11 Slew-rate measurement.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-12
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-13 Illustration of negative feedback.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-14 Without negative feedback, a small input voltage drives the op-amp to its output limits and it becomes nonlinear.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 12-15 Noninverting amplifier.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-16 Differential input Vin - Vf.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 12-17
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-18 Op-amp voltage-follower.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-19 Inverting amplifier.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-20 Virtual ground concept and closed-loop voltage gain development for the inverting amplifier.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 12-21
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 12-22
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 12-23
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 12-24
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-25 Inverting amplifier.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-26
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 12-27
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-28 Input bias current creates output error voltage (I1Rf) in inverting amplifier.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-29 Input bias current creates output error voltage in a voltage-follower.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-30 Input bias current creates output error voltage in noninverting amplifier.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-31 Bias current compensation in a voltage-follower.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-32 Bias current compensation in the noninverting and inverting amplifier configurations.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-33 Input offset voltage equivalent.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-34 Input offset voltage compensation for a 741 op-amp.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-35 Open-loop and closed-loop op-amp configurations.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-36 Ideal plot of open-loop voltage gain versus frequency for a typical op-amp. The frequency scale is logarithmic.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-37 RC lag circuit.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-38 Op-amp represented by a gain element and an internal RC circuit.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-39 Output voltage lags input voltage.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-40
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-41 Op-amp open-loop frequency response.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-42 Closed-loop gain compared to open-loop gain.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-43
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-44 Faults in the noninverting amplifier.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-45 Faults in the inverting amplifier.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-46 Block diagram of basic superheterodyne AM receiver.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-47 Audio amplifier board.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-48 Audio amplifier schematic.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-49 Test results for three faulty circuit boards.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 12-50
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 12-51
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 12-52
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-53 File circuits are identified with a CD logo and are in the Problems folder on your CD-ROM. Filenames correspond to
figure numbers (e.g., F12-53).
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 12-54
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 12-55
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 12-56
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 12-57
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 12-58
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 12-59
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 12-60
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-61
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-62
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-63
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-64
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-65
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-66
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-67
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-68
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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FIGURE 12-69
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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