Transcript 2004MinnPT2.2

SOME ASPECTS OF
SOCIAL COHESION IN LATVIA
The problems of ethnic minorities – a myth or reality?
Jolanta Supe
Deputy Head, Statistical Methodology and Organisation Division
Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia
tel: +371 73 666 29
e-mail: [email protected]
Minneapolis, May 2004
Ethnic minorities in Latvia
1
STRUCTURE OF THE PRESENTATION
• Introduction
• Ethnic composition
• Education
• Employment
• Mass media
• Conclusions
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Ethnic minorities in Latvia
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WHERE WE
ARE …
ESTONIA
RUSSIA
LATVIA
LITHUANIA
POLAND
BELORUSSIA
MINNEAPOLIS
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Ethnic minorities in Latvia - introduction
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… HOW WE LOOK LIKE …
RIGA
RIGA
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Ethnic minorities in Latvia
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… IN COMPARISON …
AREA (thsd km2)
POPULATION 2000 (mln)
M = 225.2
M = 4.9
L = 64.4
L = 2.3
Latvia
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Ethnic minorities in Latvia
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ETHNIC COMPOSITION
dynamics
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
14
9
others
13
34
29
52
59
1989
2004
Russians
77
Latvians
1935
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14
Ethnic minorities in Latvia
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ETHNIC COMPOSITION
1 January 2004
100%
Other
90%
Jews
80%
29
Lithuanians
70%
60%
Poles
50%
Ukrainians
40%
30%
59
20%
Belarussians
Russians
10%
Latvians
0%
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Ethnic minorities in Latvia
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CITIZENSHIP – by nationality
0%
20%
40%
Total
21
70
29
65
JEWS
32
58
ESTONIANS
30
53
LITHUANIANS
RUSSIANS
12
43
49
BELARUSSIANS
48
29
69
18
2
76
47
citizens
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100%
100
POLES
Other
80%
78
LATVIANS
UKRAINIANS
60%
40
non-citizens
Ethnic minorities in Latvia
13
foreigners etc.
8
CITIZENSHIP - structure
100%
100%
90%
90%
18
Russians
80%
70%
70%
60%
60%
50%
50%
40%
30%
20%
20%
10%
10%
0%
0%
CITIZENS
13
Belarussians
67
Russians
NON-CITIZENS
Others:
Poles, Belarussians, Lithuanians,
Ukrainians etc.
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Ukrainians
40%
75
Latvians
30%
9
80%
Others:
Poles, Lithuanians,
Latvians etc.
Ethnic minorities in Latvia
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EDUCATION – establishments by
language of instruction, 2002/03
100%
90%
80%
70%
0.4
20
0.5
11
other
17
12
Latvian /
Russian
60%
50%
40%
30%
72
68
Russian
20%
Latvian
10%
0%
Preschool
establishments
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Ethnic minorities in Latvia
General
schools
10
EDUCATION – enrollment by
language of instruction, 2002/03
100%
80%
5
0.4
22
30
2
10
other
60%
40%
88
74
70
Preschool
establishments
General fulltime
schools
Russian
Latvian
20%
0%
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Ethnic minorities in Latvia
Higher
education
institutions and
colleges
11
EDUCATION – different dimensions
100%
23
80%
Preschool establishment
enrolment by language of
instruction on
September 1, 2002
11
60%
8
Latvian /
Russian
28
14
Russian
90
40%
65
20%
Latvian
57
0%
Total
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1.8
10
2.1
Russian
98
55
Latvian
Total higher
education
institutions
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Urban
localities
Rural
localities
44
English
88
0.6
State
Institutions
Higher education
institution enrolment by
language of instruction
2002/03
Institutions
established by
legal persons
Ethnic minorities in Latvia
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EDUCATION – the reform
… starting on 1 September 2004 the language of
instruction beginning with the 10th grade or 1st year at
central and local government general/vocational
secondary education institutions that provide study
programs for ethnic minorities will be the official
state language for not less than three fifths of the
total taught time per school year including foreign
languages. Nevertheless the study programs relating
to the language of ethnic minority, its identity and
culture will be conducted in the language of this
minority …
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Ethnic minorities in Latvia
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EMPLOYMENT
by occupation and nationality
Elemetary occupations
Plant and machine operators and assemblers
Craft and related trades workers
Skilled agriculture and fishery workers
Service workers and shop and market sales workers
Clerks
Technicians and associate professionals
Professionals
Latvians
NonLatvians
Legislators, managers and senior officials
0
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2
4
Ethnic minorities in Latvia
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
14
EMPLOYMENT
by kinds of activity (NACE Rev. 1.1)
25
Latvians
NonLatvians
20
15
10
5
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Ethnic minorities in Latvia
O+P
N
M
L
K
J
I
H
G
F
C+D+E
A+B
0
15
MASS MEDIA - TV
Length of TV programs
(1996 = 100)
300
Russian
Latvian
other
259
250
Structure of TV programs
by language
0.02
100%
15
18
90%
14
250
200
150
82
70
100
other
Russian
Latvian
50
0.3
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
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Ethnic minorities in Latvia
2002
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1996
16
MASS MEDIA - RADIO
Length of radio programs
(1996 = 100)
700
Russian
Latvian
other
600
500
612
400
287
300
200
188
100
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
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Ethnic minorities in Latvia
Structure of radio programs
by language
3.7
1.2
100%
8.3
11.8
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
90.5
84.5
40%
30%
other
20%
Russian
10%
Latvian
0%
2002
1996
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MASS MEDIA - PRESS
• Analyses of 6 major
newspapers
NUMBER of articles
51%
49%
(3 Latvian + 3 Russian)
VOLUME
of articles
• Articles about
-
Bilingual education
Minorities’ languages
Politics towards minorities
Civic involvement
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Ethnic minorities in Latvia
56% 44%
Latvian
Russian
18
MASS MEDIA – PRESS
Placement of articles
700
Latvian newspapers
600
Russian newspapers
500
400
300
200
100
0
1st
page
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2nd
page
3rd
page
4th
page
5th
page
6th
page
Ethnic minorities in Latvia
7th
page
8th
page
9th
page
10th
page
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MASS MEDIA – PRESS
Number of articles on specified topics
600
500
Bilingual
education
400
Language
300
Ethnic
minorities
200
Civic
involvement
100
0
LV-1
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LV-2
LV-3
Ethnic minorities in Latvia
RU-1
RU-2
RU-3
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CONCLUSIONS - education
• Enrollment ~ ethnic composition
100%
90%
80%
9
11
17
other
26
70%
60%
Latvian / Russian
50%
40%
72
Russian
65
30%
Latvian
20%
10%
0%
Enrollment in
General schools
Children 5-19
• Reform regulates only state schools
• 77% minorities’ schools are ready
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CONCLUSIONS – employment (%)
25
Latvians
NonLatvians
1.5
20
15
2.1
10
1.7
2.9
5
0
A+B
L
C+D+E
I
A+B … Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
L … Public administration and defence & compulsory social security
Industry & energetics …C+D+E
Transport, storage & communications … I
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CONCLUSIONS – mass media
• TV
-
hard restrictions to 2 public TV canals
but new programs for ethnic minorities
• Radio
-
•
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restrictions to organisations not canals
broadcasting in Russian and other languages
has significantly increased
Press - no obstacles
Ethnic minorities in Latvia
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!!! Many different aspects to look at
In general, all seems OK !!! 
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Thank you for attention!
Any questions?