Transcript Surface Currents

Hydrosphere
7th Period
The Water Cycle
How our planet quenches its
thirst.
Precipitation
•Water Molecules travel
between the atmosphere and
earths surface.
•A.K.A. RAIN,SNOW,SLEET,HAIL…
Evaporation
• Water evaporates and leaves
behind salts and other impurities
on
the
surface.
Transpiration is the
evaporation of water from
parts of plants, especially
leaves, also stems,
flowers and roots.
Condensation
Water vapor, which is a gas, rises
into the air. As it cools and
condenses into drops of liquid water
it forms clouds.
The Four Oceans
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Pacific
165,640,000 square km
The deepest point is the Challenger
deep, which is 11,033 m below sea
level
The currents move clockwise in the
north of the equator and
counterclockwise in the south of the
equator.
Atlantic
81,630,000 square km
It covers 22% of the Earth’s surface
Located between the continents of
North and South America, Europe,
Africa and Antarctica
Often referred to as “The Pond”
Rachel
Indian and Arctic
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Indian- 73,420,000
square km
Average depth-3,890m
Carries a heavy traffic of
petroleum
Arctic- 14,350,000 square
km
Smallest of all the oceans
Much of the surface is
covered by floating ice
Rachel
Brown
Salinity
 Salinity
is the concentration of all the
dissolved salts.
 The average salinity of ocean water is
approximately 3.5 percent.
Rachel
There are 3 main
layers of the
ocean!
1. Surface
2. Thermocline
3. Deep zone
Surface Zone;
* The surface layer… is the warm, top layer. Sunlight heats
the top 100 m of the surface zone.
* Surface currents mix warm water with the cooler water
from below.
Theremocline;
* Temperature in zone drops faster with increased depth than it does
anywhere else.
Deep Zone;
* extends from base of middle layer (thermocline) to the
bottom of the ocean
* Temperature averages to about 2 degrees celcius.
Donovan Waryold
Hydrosphere
The ocean makes the temperature
of the atmosphere change much
slower that it normally would.
If the ocean didn’t regulate
atmospheric and surface
temperatures it would be to
extreme for life to exist on earth.
Donovan Waryold
local temperatures all
around the world
are regulated by the
world ocean.
Surface Currents
Surface currents occur when
water at the ocean’s surface is
moved by winds that blow in
certain patterns because of
the Earth’s spin and Coriolis
effect.
The Coriolis effect makes
moving objects appear to
curve toward the right in the N.
hemisphere and toward the
left in S. hemisphere.
Modifie
from
MapQues
t.com
Blacie Hunt
Surface Currents
• Surface currents are primarily driven by the wind.
Currents flowing toward the equator are generally cool,
and currents flowing away are warm.
• Temperature helps us determine the speed and direction
of surface currents and about heat stored in ocean.
Blacie
Hunt
Surface Currents
Oceanographers often divide the
pacific and south pacific based
on direction of surface current
flow in each half of the pacific.
Surface currents in the Pacific
move in a clockwise direction
north of the equator. Whereas
surface currents flow in a
counter clockwise direction
south of the equator.
The Atlantic ocean is also divided
in to halves, north half and
south half based on directions
of surface current flow.
Blacie Hunt
Formation of Deep Ocean Currents
Deep ocean currents
form when the cold
water from the north
and south poles sinks
below warmer, less
dense ocean water
and flows toward the
equator.
This picture represents the
oceans different temperatures.
This picture was found at:
www.earthzine.org
Underwater currents are
sixteen times stronger than all
of the earths rivers combined
Sierra Lewis
Antarctica’s coast is where the
worlds densest and coldest water
can be found.
Sierra Lewis
How much of the world’s water is
fresh?
• About 70% of the Earth’s surface is made
of water
• Only 3% is fresh water
Jordan Brown
Ice caps and glaciers
- Only one percent of the earth’s fresh water
is drinkable
- The biggest amount of drinkable water is
stored in ice caps or glaciers
Jordan Brown
River Systems
Rivers systems consist of
rivers and streams that
drain a river basin. They
also contain all the
landscape drained by a
river.
By: Matt Murphy
Tributaries
Tributaries are small
creeks or rivers that flow
into larger bodies of
water. Tributaries do not
empty into the sea but
rather rivers.
By: Matt Murphy
Cite page
• http://imagecache5.art.com/p/LRG/29/2967/PK7QD00Z/tonywheeler-the-river-system-and-estuaries-near-the-gulf-of-carpenteriaqueensland-australia.jpg
• http://ak.water.usgs.gov/yukon/images/front/CharleyRiverAtYukon1.j
pg
• http://www.sussex-ouse.org.uk/map/images/Sussex-Ouse-Map-1.gif
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_system
Andrew Peters-Greer
Hydrosphere: Groundwater
• Groundwater – The water beneath the
earth’s surface.
• Groundwater accounts for a little under
one 1% of all the water on earth.
How is ground water important?
• Groundwater supplies water for many
agricultural and industrial uses
• 40% of people living in the United States
use Ground water for drinking, cooking,
cleaning, etc.
Hydrosphere
• Aquifer – A rock layer that stores and
allows the flow of ground water
• Much Of the United States is underlain by
aquifers
Robbie Alexander
Recharge Zone
• A recharge zone is the land where the
water enters an aquifer
• Recharge is the process of water
refreshing an aquifer
• This happens when rain filters through the
rock or soil
Robbie Alexander