Transcript Chapter 14 Powerpoints - Temple City High School Sports Medicine 2

Tissue
a collection of similar cells
and their intercellular substances
that work together to perform a
particular function
Visual 14-1
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
The Human Cell
From LifeART, Super Anatomy 2, Copyright 1998,
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Visual 14-2
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Controlling Bleeding
1. Apply direct pressure.
2. Elevate the injured body part.
3. Apply Indirect pressure.
4. Apply ice.
5. Apply a tourniquet only as a last
resort and only with proper
training.
Visual 14-3
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Direct Pressure
Apply Direct
Pressure to
Control Bleeding
Visual 14-4
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Indirect Pressure
Locate the
pressure point
directly above the
injury and apply
pressure to that
artery until the
pulsation in that
artery stops or
bleeding is
controlled.
From LifeART, Super
Emergency 1, Copyright 1998,
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Visual 14-5
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Dressings & Bandages
• Always remove rings, watches, or bracelets
from the patient if you are dressing a hand
or wrist.
• Try to leave the fingers and toes exposed so
the circulation and sensation can be checked.
• Use sterile material.
• Control any bleeding.
• Open the dressing package using sterile
technique, and touch only the corners, NOT
the part that goes directly over the wound.
• Cover the entire wound.
Visual 14-6
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Dressings
& Bandages, Cont.
• Apply the bandage snugly, but not too tight.
• The bandage should not be too loose or it
may slip.
• Secure all loose ends with tape or tuck them
inside the bandage.
• Put the bandage on in the position in which it
is to remain. Do not try to bend a bandaged
joint.
• Ask the patient how the dressing feels. If it is
uncomfortable, rearrange it.
Visual 14-7
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Wound Care
• Keep the dressing clean and dry.
• If the dressing soaks through, add another gauze pad.
• If it gets wet, remove the dressing and replace it or
return to the doctor.
• Watch the circulation in the injured extremity. Call the
doctor if it becomes numb, tingly, pale, blue, or cold, or
if the athlete experiences severe pain with motion.
• Cleanse the suture area twice a day using a solution of
hydrogen peroxide, followed by an antibiotic ointment.
• Watch for signs of infection: redness, swelling,
increased pain, a red streak up the arm or leg, foulsmelling drainage, or an elevation in temperature.
• If sutures were required, return for removal of the
sutures in 5 to 14 days.
Visual 14-8
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Abrasion
an open wound,
road burn, or rug
burn in which
the outer layer
of skin has been
scraped off
From LifeART, Emergency 2,
Copyright 1998, Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins.
Visual 14-9
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Laceration
a jagged tear in
the flesh
From LifeART, Emergency 2,
Copyright 1998, Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins.
Visual 14-10
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Puncture Wound
a soft tissue injury
caused by the
penetration of
a sharp object
From LifeART, Emergency 2,
Copyright 1998, Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins.
Visual 14-11
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Incision
a clean, straight,
knife-like cut
From LifeART, Emergency 2,
Copyright 1998, Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins.
Visual 14-12
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Avulsion
a painful soft
tissue injury in
which a flap of
tissue is torn
loose or pulled
off completely
From LifeART, Emergency 2,
Copyright 1998, Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins.
Visual 14-13
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Callus
a thickened,
usually painless,
area of skin caused
by friction or
pressure
From LifeART, Emergency 2,
Copyright 1998, Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins.
Visual 14-14
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Blister
a bubble-like
collection of fluid
beneath or within
the epidermis
of the skin
From LifeART, Emergency 2,
Copyright 1998, Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins.
Visual 14-15
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Skin Infections
Visual 14-16
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Hematoma
a blood-filled swollen area;
a goose-egg caused by bleeding
under the tissues
Visual 14-17
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
ICE Procedure
• Ice
• Compression
• Elevation
When applying ice to a wound, ice should be
kept in place for 20 minutes, followed by an
hour in which the ice is taken off. Repeat this
cycle for a 24 to 72 hour period during waking
hours, or until the swelling subsides. Make sure
to protect the skin by placing a cloth or towel
between the ice and skin.
Visual 14-18
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Contusion
a soft tissue injury
caused by seepage
of blood into
tissue; a bruise.
Visual 14-19
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Using a Donut Pad
to Protect a Contusion
Visual 14-20
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Types of
Movement
Visual 14-21
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Types of
Movement, Cont.
Visual 14-22
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Major Muscles
Both images from LifeART, Super
Anatomy 1, Copyright 1998, Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins.
Visual 14-23
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Strain
an overstretching or
tearing of the muscles
and/or adjacent tissues;
a pulled muscle
Visual 14-24
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Strain Classifications
Visual 14-25
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Myositis Ossificans
a condition in
which bone forms
in and replaces
muscle tissue as
a result of trauma
Visual 14-26
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Tendonitis
inflammation
of a tendon
Visual 14-27
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Articulation
a joint; the point at which two or
more bones meet
3 Types:
• fibrous
• cartilaginous
• synovial
Visual 14-28
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Synovial Joints
From LifeART, Super Anatomy 3, Copyright 1998, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Visual 14-29
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Sprain
a stretching or tearing
of the ligaments,
characterized by the inability
to move, deformity, and pain
Visual 14-30
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Sprain Classifications
Visual 14-31
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
PRICE Technique
• Protect: avoid further injury.
• Rest: Rest the injured area.
• Ice: Use the ICE procedure.
• Compress: Compress the sprained
area with an elastic wrap.
• Elevate: Elevate the injured area above
the level of the heart.
Visual 14-32
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Dislocation
Vs. Subluxation
• Dislocation
– the separation of a joint and
malposition of an extremity
• Subluxation
– a partial dislocation
Visual 14-33
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Bursitis
inflammation of a bursa
Visual 14-34
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Synovitis
inflammation of the synovial
membrane in a joint, characterized
by pain, swelling, localized tension,
and increased pain with movement
Visual 14-35
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Major Bones
Visual 14-36
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Skeletal
System Functions
1. Provide support for the muscles, fat,
and soft tissues.
2. Protect the internal organs.
3. Provide leverage for lifting and
movement through the attachment of
muscles.
4. Produce blood cells.
5. Store the majority of the body’s
calcium supply.
Visual 14-37
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Fracture
a crack or break
in the continuity of a bone
Visual 14-38
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Types of Fractures
From LifeART, Super Anatomy 2, Copyright 1998, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Visual 14-39
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
Mike Meredith has been the city high hurdle champion ever since he
was a freshman—quite a feat to say the least. His ultimate goal was to
place a dime on each hurdle and come so close that he could knock
them off without slowing down or knocking over a hurdle. With this drill
there was always the chance of hitting one and falling down, but the
drill increased his speed. Mike was lucky, he had never had a hard
fall—until today.
Tired from a long day at school and staying out late the night before,
Mike didn’t concentrate very hard. He had done this drill a hundred
times; in fact, he thought he could do it in his sleep. His final drill was a
time trial. The coach set off the cadence: Ready… set… go.
For some reason the starting blocks weren’t secured very well and they
slipped slightly, slowing Mike’s start and putting him behind on his first
hurdle. This didn’t bother him; he knew how to catch up. He buried his
head down and went for it. Coming up to the sixth hurdle he was way
Visual 14-40
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.
behind and hit the hurdle hard, sliding across the all-weather track.
Lying on his side, Mike looked like he was in a lot of pain. Tammy,
the student trainer, was ready. She went right over to Mike and began
first aid.
What should Tammy do for Mike’s abrasions? What should she have in
her fanny pack to protect herself from coming in contact with blood?
What are some things Tammy should watch the wound for over the
next few days?
Visual 14-41
Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc.