Transcript ppt

The future role of
satcom in civil aviation
ATN 2002, London, September 25th, 2002
EN 3 • 29/10/2015 • © Astrium
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Challenges for the air transport industry – 1
1) Capacity of overall ATM “system” limits
air traffic growth:
• 2015: twice as many flights as in 1997
• Already today: 30% of all delays due to
capacity shortages
• Yearly cost for capacity-related delays:
€6.3bn
2) Safety demands will rise with capacity
increases:
• Despite air traffic growth: absolute
number of incidents must be kept
stable or even improved
• No additional airspace capacity without
improved safety
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ATN 2002 • London, September 23 to 25, 2002
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Challenges for the air transport industry – 2
3) Economic pressures leading to drive for efficiencies:
• Seat utilisation
– Strongly linked to safety and security
• Minimisation of flight times, fast turnarounds
– Maximise use of all resources (runways, terminals, airspace, ATC,
spectrum….)
• Optimum routes
• Optimum flight levels
4) Security pressures cyclic depending on world political situation:
• On-board security
• Homeland security
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ATN 2002 • London, September 23 to 25, 2002
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Classification of aircraft communications
“AirComms”
Cockpit services
ATC
Air Traffic Control
AOC
Airline Operational Communications
AAC
Airline Administrative Communications
APC
Airline Passenger Communications
Cabin services
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ATN 2002 • London, September 23 to 25, 2002
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Comparison of aircraft communications
“Aircomms”
Cockpit
ATS
Cabin
AOC
AAC
narrow-band
safety related
n./a.
non-safety related
all airlines
airline internal
public
private
niche market
strong need
“ATM comms”
ATN 2002 • London, September 23 to 25, 2002
APC
broadband
“near-realtime”
realtime
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Legend
ATS - Air Traffic Services
AOC - Airline Operational Comm’s
AAC - Airline Administrative Comm’s
APC - Airline Passenger Comm’s
Lower message size/data volume
Lower transmission delay
Increasing integrity
Increasing confidentiality
Increasing public responsibility
mass market
market success questionable
Higher service cost
Increasing likelihood of service
“APC comms”
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Future importance of aircraft communications
In the future, there will be more communications from and to the aircraft.
• Passenger communications
To make flying more attractive, airlines will sooner or later offer:
– Telephony (Voice, Fax, Modem, ...)
– E-Mail, Internet
– Multimedia, live TV, ...
• Air Traffic Management
To increase airspace capacity and safety, much more data
communications will be needed, e.g. for:
– Dependent surveillance methods
– Collaborative decision making
– Common information network
– Airline operational communications
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Satcom for aviation
Coverage
• Satellites are the only reasonable means to realise a seamless global
coverage on all altitudes (incl. ground)
• Issues: High density areas, coverage for high latitudes
Bandwidth
• APC: satellites are the only reasonable means to provide the
bandwidth required
• ATM: Traditional communication means (e.g. VHF) are about to reach
their capacity limits
Cost
• Added value must be higher than cost
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ATN 2002 • London, September 23 to 25, 2002
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Satcom in APC
Today:
• Inmarsat and Iridium used (mainly for voice)
• High price, very low bit rate for modem connections
Under development:
• Connexion, AFIS, Inmarsat IV
• Very hot topic until Sept. 11th 2001, “comeback” expected
Future visions:
• “Internet in the sky” (e.g. E-Mail, VPN)
– Could become successful if price < 10€/flight (flat rate)
• Voice communications
– Could become successful if price < 2€/min (=GSM incl. roaming)
• Entertainment, e.g. live TV
– Success uncertain due to legal and market issues
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ATN 2002 • London, September 23 to 25, 2002
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Suitability of APC satcom systems for ATM
• Bandwidth (+)
– Bandwidth required for ATC, AOC (and AAC) is negligible compared to APC
• Probability of materialisation (-)
– It is not yet certain whether dedicated APC satcom systems will materialise within
the next 10 years
• Coverage (-)
– All satcom systems for APC are GEO systems that do not provide coverage for
high latitudes.
• Cost (-)
– Reliability and availability requirements of ATM would lead to very high
investments
• Service Mix (-)
– Mixing safety related and non-safety related services has implications for
certifiability
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ATN 2002 • London, September 23 to 25, 2002
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Satcom in ATM
Today, the following requirements for an ATM communications system are
known:
• Permanent global availability, special weight on high-density areas
• Extremely high reliability
• Low data rate
• Often short response times
• “Party line” capabilities
• “Air-to-air” capabilities
Ways to attack the cost issue:
• “Design-to-cost”
• Reasonable business concept on the other hand
– Attractive service mix
– Public involvement justified
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ATN 2002 • London, September 23 to 25, 2002
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Satellite-based CNS
• Satellites allow integration of navigation and communications and thus
(dependent) surveillance
• In the field of navigation, users have been quick to embrace satellite
technology thanks to GPS
– Galileo offers a model of the future – “compatible” with GPS, but providing design,
operational and institutional redundancy (prerequisite for certifiability) together with
better service quality
• Are similar models applicable to communications and surveillance?
– Gate-to-gate communications and surveillance are both essential for accurate 4D
trajectory based management
– ATS communications traffic is only a small proportion of the total
– Wide mix of public and private operators today
The issues are complex and there are no easy answers!
The cost-benefit ratio must be proven in high-density areas.
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ATN 2002 • London, September 23 to 25, 2002
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Key to success?
Transition planning – how to get from the old to the new
Unproven benefit to cost ratio
transition
•
•
t
new
Many good technologies have come and gone and not
been adopted; they have usually failed on:
Motto: “Evolutionary approach to a revolutionary system”
•
•
•
•
•
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The old and the new must be able to operate alongside each
other
A clear transition path from old to new must be mapped
The new must offer clear benefits and be affordable
Payback to the airlines for their investment must be within 2-3
years
The solution must be global (European / U.S cooperation
essential)
ATN 2002 • London, September 23 to 25, 2002
old
Some lessons from history:
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Backup slides
EN 3 • 29/10/2015 • © Astrium
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Integration of satellite navigation and communication
Position
determination
Position
reporting
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ATN 2002 • London, September 23 to 25, 2002
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