Transcript Transportation Infrastructure for Cuba - AIC

CUBA
TRANSPORTATION
INFRASTRUCTURE ASSESSMENT
PRESENTATION TO:
ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF THE CUBAN ECONOMY (ASCE)
NINETEENTH ANNUAL MEETING
August 1, 2009
CUBA
Transportation Infrastructure
COMMITTEE MEMBERS
Sergio Alfonso, Jr., PE, CHAIR, Marlin Engineering, Inc.
Carlos A. Penin, PE ,CO-CHAIR, CAP Engineering, Inc
Armando I. Perez, PhD, PE, CDM
Maria F. Porrata, Member CAACE
Michael B. Acosta, PE, Member ACE
Andrés Garganta, PE, Member CAACE
Pedro Giralt, PE, Member CAACE
CUBA
Transportation Infrastructure
Disclaimer and Objective
The findings, views, opinions and conclusions presented are those of
the committee and do not necessarily represent the views of their
employers or sponsoring engineering societies.
Authors’ knowledge of Cuba is personal and augmented by information
available mostly on the Internet and personal communication with Cubans
now living in Cuba and USA.
The purpose is to assess the necessary resources to reconstruct the
transportation infrastructure in Cuba, without field inspection or review.
CUBA
Transportation Infrastructure
ASSESSMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NEEDS
 PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
 HIGHWAY SYSTEM
 RAILWAY SYSTEM
 AIRPORTS
 PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
Transportation Infrastructure
1958 CONDITIONS - HISTORICAL DATA
Highway System
In 1903 – 250 km mainly in Havana
By 1958 – 20,000 km of which 6,100 were paved
Cuba had one of the most efficient highway systems in Latin America
Carretera Central
Two lanes two way highway completed in 1931
Runs about 1,150 km (715 miles) Mostly paralleling Central Railway
Connecting Province Capitals and all major cities except Cienfuegos
Via Blanca
Four lanes divided highway, from Havana thru Matanzas to Varadero 135 km
Rides over the Bacunayagua Bridge, highest bridge in Cuba
Secondary Roadways
There were approximately 4,000 kilometers connecting all cities and towns
with population exceeding 5,000 to Carretera Central
Local Roads (Caminos Vecinales)
There were 15,000 km (1,500 km paved) connecting farms to small towns
1958 Highway System
Transportation Infrastructure
1958 CONDITIONS - HISTORICAL DATA
Railway System (15,000 km)
Cuba's railway history began in 1830, in Havana
Central Rail System (Standard Gauge 1.435 m (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in))
Extends from Pinar del Río to Guantánamo
Used for passengers and freight services
Narrow Rail System (Narrow Gage 1.067m (3ft 6in))
Mainly for transport of sugar cane to the mills
Intercity passenger and freight service
64% is for industrial use, Mainly sugarcane industry and
36% Passenger and freight
Transportation Infrastructure
Railway Network 1958
1 km per 8.08 km²
Transportation Infrastructure
1958 Conditions - Historical Data
 Airports
Cubana de Aviacion had 19 airplanes
Others Cuban airlines had 8 airplanes
 International
 Domestic
 Private
Transportation Infrastructure
1958 Conditions - Historical Data
Public Transportation
Buses
City of Havana had outstanding local service (4,000 buses in 40 routes)
Service from Havana to Santiago de Cuba by Santiago-Habana (10 trips daily)
Service between major cities along Carretera Central with other cities and towns.
Taxis
Cuba had organized “Chapa Gris” taxi system (20,000 cars)
Rail
By 1860 Havana had its first streetcar
Service from Havana to Santiago de Cuba since 1920’s
Airports
Domestic flight service between major cities and Havana
Trucks
Transportation of freight and goods
PRESENT ROADWAY SYSTEM CONDITION
 Presently there is 60,000 km of roadway which 20,000 km are paved
 According to a November 2007 EFECOM report, nearly 3,000 km of major
roadways are in poor or substandard condition.
 The same report goes on to indicate that planned repairs would not even
amount to even 400 km per year
 A March 16, 2009 report in the Latin American Herald Tribune, quotes the
director of the Havana Government’s Business Construction Group for the
city’s streets and roadways, as indicating that over 75% of paved roadways
in the Havana area are in poor condition and need “big & complex” repairs.
 The Cuban capital, has approximately 21 million square meters (about
222 million square feet or 8 square miles) of paved area and the job of
repaving the existing damage will require 1.5 million tons of asphalt
MAJOR ROADS & HIGHWAYS
PRESENT SYSTEM CONDITION
 According to an international travel guide: “…there are very, very, few
road signs and directional aids.” AND “even rarer still are protective
crossbars or warning lights.” (at railroad crossings).
 Another international travelers guide states: “They (roads) are pretty
similar in construction to US freeways, however pretty much in
decaying state. Lane markings are mostly nonexistent, that's true
also for any type of signs. This means no signs for cities on exits and
interchanges, only signs counting km's to Havana are pretty
common. Potholes on otherwise wide freeways are common.”
 Trains on the railway system are slow, not punctual, and on routes
aside from the main routes, are not reliable.
Commonly encountered:
Lack of lane markings, signage, guard
rails, fences and other essential
components.
RAILWAY NETWORK - PRESENT SYSTEM (ONE 2007)
•
Total railway system 8,193 km
•
•
•
•
7,952 km of standard gauge track, 150 km of which is electrified
241 km of narrow gage track
3,117 use for sugar industry and passengers
5,076 km of public use
RAIL NETWORK – MAJOR LINES
PRESENT SYSTEM CONDITION
 In general, since 1959 there has been insufficient capital
investments made in the networks.
 The lack of investment has only accelerated since the
collapse of the Soviet Union and the loss of its multibillion dollar annual subsidies.
 This lack of investment and maintenance are reflected in
the deteriorated condition of many of the transportation
system components.
Transportation Infrastructure
ASSESSMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NEEDS
THE FUTURE – SHORT
AND
LONG TERM SOLUTIONS
HIGHWAY SYSTEM
 RAILWAY SYSTEM
 AIRPORTS
 PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

Short Term Solutions - Highway System
 Safety Improvements are imperative component of all short term solutions
 Pavement Restoration including pot holes and milling and resurfacing
 Striping of edge and centerlines
 Regulatory, advisory and warning traffic signs and signals
 Guardrails
Based on current roadway maintenance prices in the State of Florida
we estimate that the cost of performing these improvements on the
MAJOR highway system in Cuba is $1 billion.
Using the TOTAL number of existing lane kilometers of 65,000 the total
investment would be $10 billion
Short Term Solutions - Railway System
 Safety Improvements are imperative component of all short term solutions
 Base and Sub-base stabilization
 Signs and Signals
 Reestablishment of Railroad Crossings
Based on current prices in the State of Florida it is estimated that the cost of
performing these improvements on the total number of standard gauge and
narrow gauge rails of 12,000 km the total investment would be $500 million
Short Term Solutions - Airports
 Safety Improvements are imperative component of all short term solutions
 Restoration of the landing strips and taxiways including pot holes and
milling and resurfacing
 Striping of directional signage
 Landing & Takeoff lighting
 Landside & Airside repairs
Based on current prices in the State of Florida we estimate that the cost of
performing these improvements at the estimated number of 12 Airport Facilities
the total investment would be $600 million.
Short Term Solutions - Public Transportation
 Additional rolling stock (buses, taxis and work trucks)
 The establishment of a Maintenance Facility including spare parts and
mechanical tools for these vehicles
 Consideration of alternate means i.e. Jitneys, Mini Vans and Shuttles
Study Bus Rapid transit routes for future implementation
It is estimated that 400 new buses would be needed initially at a cost of
$250,000 per bus for a total investment of $100 Million
Long Term Solutions – Public Transportation
 Provide safe, efficient, reliable mobility
 Provide high-speed, high-capacity connections
 Balance mobility and economic competitiveness
with community livability and environmental
stewardship
 Employ Innovative financing techniques and
private/public partnerships
Long Term Solutions – Public Transportation
The future includes the combination of all four modes of transportation i.e.
Highways, Railways, Airports and Public Transportation. This Multimodal
transportation system, should inter-connect people and goods to the various
points of interest. It leads to economic vitality and becomes the infrastructure
backbone of the Island.
Multimodal Components
Rail
Airplanes
Automobiles
Bus Rapid Transit
Local Bus Routes
Trucking
Bicycles
Pedestrian
Various Points of Interest
Seaports
Airports
Train Stations
Government Centers
Business Districts
Entertainment Venues
Recreational Centers
Long Term Solutions – Public Transportation
Preliminary Transportation Hubs and Sub-Hubs were identified by studying the
existing data from the following:
 Census to determine the population of the Cities
 The alignment of the Central Highway (Carretera Central) y Ocho Via
 The route of the standard gauge railway system
 The locations of all major airports
Main Hubs:
Sub-Hubs:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Pinar del Rio
Ciudad de la Habana
Matanzas
Santa Clara
Camaguey
Holguin
Santiago de Cuba
Nueva Gerona (Isla de la Juventud)
Artemisa
Cienfuegos
Sancti Spiritus
Ciego de Avila
Las Tunas
Bayamo
Guantanamo
Main Hubs and Sub-Hubs Locations
Hubs Concept
Conclusion
 In 1959 Cuba had one of the best road and rail system in Latin America.
 The lack of investment since 1959 on the roadway railway systems has
created the requirement of major investment to bring the system up
to standard and a point where will assist in the restoring Cuba:
 The need is estimated in billions at:
SHORT TERM
LONG TERM
TOTAL
$1
$10
Roadways
$0.1
$0.25
Streets in Havana
$0.5
$2
Railways
$0.6
$6
Airports
$0.1
$5
Public Transportation
$2.3
$23.25