Transcript Human Cloning

Human Cloning
By: Bailey Rogers
http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/insidethecell/images/ch4_twins.jpg
What Is Cloning?
Cloning is the process in which an
organism is created that is the exact genetic
copy of a another.
http://chessclubparty.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/internet_clones.jpg
The Different Types of Cloning
There are 2 Types of Cloning
Natural Clones – Clones that occur naturally such as
twins
Artificial Clones – Clones that are created in science and
labs
There are 3 Types of Artificial Cloning
Recombinant DNA Technology
Reproductive Cloning
Therapeutic Cloning
http://oxleylearning.org/germandictionary/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/twins2.jpg
Recombinant DNA Technology
All so known as “DNA Cloning”, “Molecular Cloning”, and “Gene
Cloning”
It is the transfer of a DNA fragment from one organism to a self-replicating
genetic element such as a plasmid. After this is done the DNA can then be
propagated in to a foreign host cell.
This type of cloning is generally used to create many copies of one certain
gene of interest – was used in the Human Genome Project
http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/chimericDNA.gif
Reproductive Cloning
http://www.library.northwestern.edu/govinfo/news/090222.jpg
Reproductive Cloning is used to generate an animal that has the same
nuclear DNA as another animal currently or previously alive.
Dolly the sheep, the first animal ever cloned, was cloned this way using a
method called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" or SCNT, transferred material
from the nucleus of a donor adult cell to an egg that had it’s genetic material
removed. The egg containing the DNA from a donor cell must be treated
with chemicals or electric current in order to stimulate cell division. Once
the cloned embryo reaches a suitable stage, it is transferred to the uterus of
a female host where it continues to develop until birth.
If we ever clone a human this is the way it would be done.
http://www.nap.edu/books/0309076374/xhtml/images/p2000a43fg7001.jpg
Therapeutic Cloning
Also called “Embryo Cloning”
It is the production of human embryos for use in research Ex: Stem Cell
Research
This method is used to harvest stem cells that can be used to study the
development of humans and as a form to treat diseases.
These stem cells are harvested from the egg after it has divided for 5 days.
http://www.csus.edu/indiv/g/gaskilld/pics/stcl_di3.jpg
Why Clone a Human?
Help infertile couples have children and gay couples have children
Many couples are becoming infertile who wish to have children however
they want one that is of there own blood and not of another's so cloning
would be ideal for them.
Replace a child that has died
If a child dies and the parents can’t have any more children this would be an
ideal solution.
Organ and tissue transplants
Adam Nash was the first baby born after genetic testing of his embryo
showed that he would have the traits necessary to provide a cell transplant
for his 6 year old dyeing sister.
Why Clone a Human?....
To recreate extraordinary people
Ex. Einstein, Mozart, Gandhi, Elvis – however there is no guarantee that
they would turn out the same
Provide treatments for a variety of diseases
The cloning of stem cells will provide treatment for diseases like;
Parkinson’s, Diabetes, Alzheimer’s, Stroke, Multiple Sucrose's and many
more
Genetic Modification/Engineering
Parents would have the opportunity to choose what they want there child to
look like and how there children will act. Ex: making there children
smarter, prettier, creative, athletic even the color of there hair and eyes
http://librarykvpattom.files.wordpress.com/2008/03/050405_einstein_tonguewidec.jpg
The Ethics Of Human Cloning
Is it Right?
Many people have different views on cloning some say it is the next
step in biotechnology while others believe we would be going to far
that we should let nature be
Religious View
Catholic – Say’s Cloning is a “violation of human dignity”
Islamic – believes that it is morally and religiously wrong to employ
cloning technology for purposes other than therapeutic cloning
Buddhists – Have no real philosophical problem
All religions question “Can you clone a soul?”
The Clones Rights
If we do clone humans should they have the same rights as we do or
would they just be like pigs and only harvest what is needed of them
and then dispose of them
Bibliography
Cloning Fact Sheet . (2008, September 16). Retrieved May 2, 2009, from Human Genome
Program Web site:http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/cloning.shtml
The Advantages of Cloning. (n.d.). Retrieved May 2, 2009, from ThinkQuest Internet Challenge
team C0122429 Web site: http://library.thinkquest.org/C0122429/ethics/advantages.htm
Yount, L. (2000). Cloning (L. Yount, Ed.). Contemporary Issues Companion. San Diego, CA:
David L. Bender. (Original work published 2000)
Woodward, J. (Ed.). (2005). The Ethics Of Human Cloning. USA: Thomson Gale.
Hyde, M. O., & Setaro, J. (n.d.). FACTS AND FANTASIES ABOUT HUMAN CLONING.
In Medicine's Brave New World (chapter six). Minneapolis Minnesota: Lerner Publishing
Group. Retrieved from EBSCOhost database