Chapter 10

Transcript Chapter 10

Development Through the Lifespan

Chapter 10 Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

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Erikson’s Theory: Industry versus Inferiority

Industry

  Developing a sense of competence at useful skills.

School provides many opportunities.

Inferiority

  Pessimism and lack of confidence in own ability to do things well.

Family environment, teachers, peers, can contribute to negative feelings.

Changes in Self-Understanding during Middle Childhood  Self-Concept  Social comparisons  Ideal and real self  Self-Esteem  Hierarchically structured  Drops first few years in school, then rises Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004

Emotional Development in Middle Childhood    Self-Conscious Emotions   Pride Guilt Emotional Understanding  Explain using internal states  Understand mixed emotions Emotional Self-Regulation   Motivated by self-esteem and peer approval Emotional self-efficacy Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004

Selman’s Stages of Perspective Taking

Level 0 Undifferentiated 3 – 6 years Level 1 Social-informational 4 – 9 years Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Self-reflective Third-party Societal 7 – 12 years 10 – 15 years 14 years to adult

Development of Distributive Justice 

Equality

— 5

–

years 6 

Merit

— 6

–

7 years 

Benevolence

Friendship in Middle Childhood  Personal qualities, trust become important  More selective in choosing friends   Friendships can last several years Influence each other’s behavior Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004

Peer Acceptance

Popular Rejected

 Popular-prosocial  Popular-antisocial  Rejected-aggressive  Rejected-withdrawn

Controversial Neglected

Gender Typing in Middle Childhood  Gender Stereotypes  Extend stereotypes to include personalities and school subjects  More flexible about behavior  Gender Identity  Boys more masculine  Girls less feminine  Cultural Factors Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004

Consequences of Parental Divorce

Immediate Long-Term

  Instability, conflict, drop in income Parental stress, disorganization    Consequences affected by:  Age  Temperament  Sex Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004  Improved adjustment after 2 years Boys, children with difficult temperaments more likely to have problems Father’s involvement affects adjustment

Blended Families

Mother-Stepfather

Father-Stepmother

   Often leads to reduced father-child contact Children in fathers’ custody often react negatively Girls & stepmothers slow to get along at first, more positive interaction later

Maternal Employment and Child Development   Benefits   Higher self-esteem Positive family and peer relations    Fewer gender stereotypes Better grades More father involvement Drawbacks  Less time for children, risk of ineffective parenting Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004

Fears and Anxieties in Middle Childhood  Fears of dark, thunder, lightning, supernatural beings persist  School phobia  5 –7 years – separation from home  11 –13 – particular aspects of school  Fears of real elements of environment Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004

Child Sexual Abuse

Characteristics of Victims

 More often female  Reported in middle childhood

Characteristics of Abusers

 Usually Male  Parent or known by parent

Consequences Prevention and Treatment

Chapter 10

Transcript Chapter 10

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