Transcript Hauk Wahl, Det Norske Veritas

Sulphur – the Good, the Bad and the Ugly
Hauk Larsen Wahl – DNV Petroleum Services
28th June 2012
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.
2
Sulphur: A love - hate relationship
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.
3
Sulphur: A love - hate relationship
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.
4
SOx – Fighting Cholera epidemic in Cairo - 1883
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.
5
SOx emissions – Mt Pinatubo (17 mill MT)
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.
6
Fuel Sulphur – heading in the right direction
25,000 ppm to 1,000 ppm
10-15 ppm
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.
7
Sulphur testing – how to achieve high precision
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.
8
1) Commissioning the instrument - the easy part
High Level Sulphur content
(ISO 8754 = ASTM D4294)
(Range: 0.030% to 5.0%)
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.
9
2) Lab accredited to ISO17025
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.
10
3) Accreditation scope should include ISO8754
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.
11
NIST – National Institute of Standards of Technology
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.
12
NIST standards
$300 per bottle
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.
13
“NIST traceable” standards
$50 per bottle
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.
14
White Oil – homemade standards
$ 2 per bottle
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.
15
Blending to max 1.00% Sulphur
+
40% RMG380
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.
60% Cutter
16
RMG 380 blended to 1.00% Sulphur @ USWC
Tested Parameter
Unit
Result
RMG380
Density @ 15°C
kg/m³
914.2
991.0
Viscosity @ 50°C
mm²/s
12.8
380.0
Micro Carbon Residue
% m/m
7
18
Sulfur
% m/m
0.88
3.50
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.
17
Ship operators’ dual challenge
&
Ship operators buy fuel
per ISO 8217, for which
test precision is governed
by ISO 4259
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.
Ship operators have to
comply with Marpol Annex VI,
for which the ECA limit is
1.00% (0.10% after 1/1/2015)
18
Loss of Propulsion
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.
19
Loss of Propulsion Incidents in California
100
93
80
67
60
40
20
25
24
2005
2007
0
2009
2011
Source: USCG
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.
20
HFO - MGO fuel switching – recommendations
1) Purchase Distillate fuel as per ISO8217:2010 grade DMZ, to ensure
Viscosity is above 3 cSt @ 40C, and Lubricity is adequate
2) Extend the fuel change-over period to reduce thermal effects
- Max 2C temp change per minute
- Install coolers/chillers
3) Practice fuel changeover procedures well in advance of entering ECA
4) Install automatic fuel change-over technology
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.
21
Diesel Switch and MGO Cooler (courtesy of MAN Diesel)
 Diesel
Switch
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.
 MGO
Cooler
and
Control
valve
Safeguarding life, property
and the environment
www.dnv.com
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.
23