Transcript L*aménagement de l*atoll de Tetiaroa

Sustainable Development
Environment
Liveable
Viable
Sustainable
Culture
2
Equitable
Economy
Residences
Western
Beach Villas
Conservation Staff
Village
Tetiaroa
Eco-Station
Research facility
Technical
area
Gardens
Spa
The Brando
Hotel
Residences
Southern
Beach Villas
Sustainability Goals for The Brando:
 Net Zero Energy Use
 Site Water Balance
 Materials : Local, Recycled, Renewable
 Carbon Neutral Transportation
 Market Recognition (Validation - LEED)
Net Zero Energy Goals:
•Site Energy Net Zero:
All energy consumed at The Brando is
generated at The Brando
•Source Energy Net Zero:
All energy consumed at The Brando is
generated from renewable energy
Water Balance Goals:
• Low Energy Water Independence
Limit reliance on desalination
• Protect the Water Lens
Conservative drawdown
Prevent Contamination
Material Goals:
• Utilize local materials
• Utilize recycled content materials
• Source wood sustainably
• Use low toxic emissions materials
• Recycle construction waste
Carbon Neutral Transportation Goals:
• Net zero carbon impact in operational phase
• Account for travel related emissions
Guests
Staff
Goods / Fuel / Materials / Waste
Market Recognition/Validation:
LEED Rating System
• Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
US Green Building Council Label
International Recognition
• Point System Guideline to Achieving Goals
Sustainable Sites
Water Efficiency
Energy & Atmosphere
Materials and Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
• 3rd Party Measurement and Verification
Certification based on pre-requisites and
credits – Silver, Gold, Platinum
Net Zero Energy Methodology:
• LEED approved energy simulation program
• All buildings simulated as designed
• Results
Provide profiles of energy loads, and
Predict % energy savings
• Model is not complete; final savings to be
determined based on design changes
The Brando - Energy Load Profile
100%
Process Loads ~ 26%
(Refrigeration, Cooking,
Dishwashing, Exterior
Lighting, Cart Charging,
Water Treatment, Waste Water
Treatment)
Building Loads ~ 74%
80%
Process Loads
60%
Staff Housing
40%
Villas
20%
All Other
Buildings
(LEED Regulated)
0%
Load Profile
The Brando - Regulated Load Profile
8%
9%
30%
39%
14%
People
Equipment
Infiltration
Conductivity
Solar Gain
Net Zero Energy Modeling Results
30
25
24.7
20.3
20
15
10
5
0
Tahiti Baseline
ASHRAE
Kwh/SF/Yr
ASHRAE Requirements:
-Air barrier
-Lighting power
-Lighting controls
-HVAC controls
-Insulation
-Glass g-factor
Net Zero Energy Modeling Results
30
25
24.7
20.3
20
15
11.4
10
5
0
Tahiti
Baseline
ASHRAE
Kwh/SF/Yr
Design
Additional Design Measures:
-SWAC (Sea Water A/C)
-Equipment Loads
-Natural Ventilation
Net Zero Energy Modeling Results
30
25
24.7
20.3
20
15
11.4
10
4.1
5
0
Tahiti
Baseline
ASHRAE
Design
Kwh/SF/Yr
Design w/
Renewables
Renewable Sources:
-500Kw PV Array
-Solar Hot Water
(For LEED, SWAC is a
design feature, not a renewable
energy)
Net Zero Energy Modeling Results
30
25
24.7
20.3
20
15
11.4
10
4.1
5
0
Tahiti
Baseline
ASHRAE
Design
Kwh/SF/Yr
Design w/
Renewables
-Energy reduction of
80% of total loads
-Achieves all LEED
points for energy
(15% reduction
required)
Energy Savings Profile
5%
5%
6%
SWAC
Equipment
Lighting
Envelope
Nautral Ventilation
13%
71%
SOLAR Energy
Voltaic panellings
SWAC
2,4 MW f
Zinc-Bromine Flow-Batteries
Pipe Ø 450 mm
Intake: 900 m deep
 20 + years Service Design Life
 1000’s of Deep discharge cycles over
service lifetime
 « Environment friendly », made from
highly-recyclable materials
« BIOFUEL » Energy
Coconut - Coprah oil
Generators
CETO Wave Energy
Electricity + Desalinization
Energy Requirement
Production Capabilities
2.4 MWf
Cold Water
1.4 MWf
for the hotel
1.0 MWf
for the residences
3,455,000 KWh per year
Electricity
2,100,000 KWh
per year for the
hotel
1,355,000 KWh
per year for the
residences
Energy
Storage
Water
110 m3 of drinkable water per day
SWAC
Pipe diameter 450 mm
Coconut Oil
Generators
4 units of 450KW using
100% of coconut oil;
600 T of coconut oil per year
Solar Panels
500 KWC installed; 2950
panels of 170WC
(1.3 m2 per panel);
675,000 KWh per year
ZBB Flow
Batteries
2 modules of 500 kW
3 water networks:
1. Drinkable water network – lens &
desalination (osmosis)
2. Non-drinkable water network – lens + rain
water
3. Watering network – Sewage station
Underground
lens
70 m3 per day on Onetahi;
70 m3 per day on Tiaranau
Desalination
110 m3 per day
CENTRALISED SEA WATER AIR CONDITIONING
Building
s
Titanium cold
Exchanger
Shallow warm water
effluent
Chilled water closed loop distribution
Cold water : 5/6°C
Temperate water : 12/13°C
c
Deep cold water intake
Sea Water
Primary closed
loop
Chilled fresh water
Secondary closed
loop
Sea Water Air Conditioning (SWAC)
SWAC POSITION
Selected Track
Ocean
Reef Barrier
Motu Onetahi – project site
Lagoon
2 400 m of pipe
 600 m in lagoon trench
 140 m in ocean trench
 1.660 m free floating weighted to bottom
Motu
CETO Technology – Wave Energy
Net Zero Energy: Closing the Gap
Options to reduce final 4.1 load:
30
Site Net Zero:
-Increase PV array > 500Kw
-Develop storage system – Zinc Bromine
Flow Battery
-Wave Energy
25
20
15
10
5
4.1
0
Design w/
Renewables
Kwh/SF/Yr
Source Net Zero:
-Bio-fuel generators (coconut oil)
-Carbon offsets for transport of fuel to
island *
*Note: 90% of all coconut oil produced in FP
is exported thus transported away using fuel
Water Balance Goals:
• Low Energy Water Independence
Limit reliance on desalination
• Protect the Water Lens
Conservative drawdown
Prevent Contamination
Water Balance Methodology
• Conservation
Low flow fixtures and efficient equipment
• Reduce Potable Demand
Use reclaimed effluent
WCs, Urinals, Irrigation, Laundry, Fire Suppression
Rainwater Harvesting
• 100% Waste Water Treatment to Potable Standard
Infiltrated effluent replenishes Lens
Ecological treatment
Low energy
Minimal sludge
Water Load Reduction
Fixture and Equipment Standards
Flush Fixtures
Max Water Use
Dual flush toilets
6.06 / 3.03 liters per use
Urinals
1.89 liters per use
Flow Fixtures
Max Water Use
Lavatories Public Areas
1.9 liters per minute
Lavatories Villas
8.3 liters per minute
Kitchen Sinks
8.3 liters per minute
Showers
9.5 liters per minute
Process Use Equipment
Max Water Use
Clothes Washer
307 liters/m2/cycle
Dishwasher with racks
3.8 liters per rach
Ice Machines
76 liters / 45kg
Food Steamers
7.6 liters / hr
Pre-rinse spray valves
5.3 liters / minute
Water Profile
End Use
Potable
Drinking Water
2.0
Irrigation
7.0
Showers
16.0
Sinks
2.0
WCs / Urinals
5.3
Plunge Pools
4.0
Swimming Pool
5.0
Laundry
6.0
Dishwashing
9.5
Maintenance
3.0
Spa
25
Total m3 / day
84.8
Non-Potable
Water Demand Split
End Use
Drinking Water
Potable
2.0
Irrigation
7.0
Showers
16.0
Sinks
2.0
WCs / Urinals
5.3
Plunge Pools
4.0
Swimming Pool
5.0
Laundry
Dishwashing
6.0
9.5
Maintenance
Spa
Total m3 / day
Non-Potable
3.0
25
63.5
21.3
Water Profile
Potable
Split
Drinking
Water 3%
25%
Showers
25%
Spa 40%
Sinks 3%
Plunge Pools
6%
75%
Pool 8%
Dishwasher
15%
Non-Potable
Potable
Site Water Balance Profile
120%
10% more efficient
than LEED
100%
25% less water
use from lens
or desalination
80%
60%
Achieves all
LEED points
for water
40%
20%
0%
LEED Baseline Initial Design
Final Design
Material Goals:
• Utilize local materials
• Utilize recycled content materials
• Source wood sustainably
• Use low toxic emissions materials
• Recycle construction waste
Materials
Regional Materials
 Limited island resources
 Ironwood, non-endemic wood
 Pandanus
 Coral, sand aggregate
Rapidly Renewable Materials
 Pandanus
 Bamboo flooring
FSC (Forestry Stewardship Council)
certified sustainably harvested and
handled wood for:
 Structural Framing
 Flooring
 Sub-flooring
 Wood doors
 Finishes
 Fixed Furniture
Recycled Content
 Palmex roofing
 Composite decking
 Cement
 Iron
 Insulation
Composite Wood Products
 Urea-formaldehyde free
(Carcinogenic, respiratory
irritant, allergic reactions)
 Fiberboard, Particle board, plywood
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
 Sealants, paints, primers, adhesives
 Limits and threshold compliance
 Contribute to excessive ground ozone
 Cause smog, crop destruction, respiratory
ailments
Construction Waste Management
Divert from landfill through recycling or
reuse 50% of waste from:
 Concrete/Masonry
 Carboard
 Plastics
 Metals
 Wood
Carbon Neutral Transportation Goals:
• Net zero carbon impact in operational phase
• Account for travel related emissions
Guests
Staff
Goods / Fuel / Materials / Waste
Brando Boundary Options
Boundary 1: All carbon associated with travel on the island
Boundary 2: Transportation from Tahiti to The Brando
Boundary 3: International transportation to Tahiti
Boundary 1: Tetiaroa
 Bikes provided for all guests
 All motorized vehicles are electric
Boundary 2: Tahiti
 Docks and airport within 500m of public transport
 Shuttle to Air Tetiaroa from ICT international terminal
 Staff incentives for using public transportation
 Carbon-offset purchase for inter-island transport
Boundary 3: International
 Guest option to purchase carbon offsets
Issues Encountered in Sustainable Goals
 Tight insulated envelope vs traditional breathable design
Risk of humidity damage
Cost/benefit of insulation with low marginal cost of SWAC
May encourage more AC use
 Window design
Solar gain and conductivity loss vs light energy savings
 Closing the water loop
Effluent to potable
Administrative opposition
Rationale of roof rain water capture (lens reservoir)
 Difficulty and cost of closing energy gap
Transportation and boundary definition are key
 Limits to going green in remote island locations
Local recycling capability
Availability of reused, recycled or local materials
Politics (pandanus monopoly), availability
MAURU’URU !