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C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
Recent Development
Status of Compact
2K GM Cryocoolers
Qian Bao, Mingyao Xu,
Akihirio Tsuchiya,Rui Li
2015/7/1
CEC/ICMC 2015
Technology Research Center,
Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd.
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C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
Contents
Background & progress
Critical technologies
Experiment results
Conclusions
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C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
Background
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C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
Background
Cryogenic applications
Cryocoolers
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magne
tic_resonance_imaging
http://spectrum.ieee.org/images/j
an04/images/transf2.jpg
http://micromagazine.fabtech.org/a
rchive/05/03/images/0503MI81.gif
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http://images.iop.org/objects/phw/
world/13/3/8/pw-13-03-08fig4.jpg
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Background
Rapid growth of superconducting
electronic devices
Development of 2K GM cryocooler
Short supply of high reliability
cryocoolers with bottom temperature
under 3K
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C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
Item
Objective
1st Temperature with 1 W
60 K
2nd Temperature with
20 mW
Height reduction of
expander comparing to
the existing 0.1W 4K GM
cryocooler
2.3 K
Temperature oscillation
displacement
33.3%
<±20 mK
(Development target)
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C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
Progress
Commercially available smallest
4K GM cryocooler: RDK-101D
RDK-101D
2013 Proto
Performance specification:
Power supply
50 Hz
60Hz
2nd stage
capacity @ 4.2 K
0.1 W
0.1 W
1st stage
capacity @ 60 K
3.0 W
5.0 W
Cooldown time
to 4.2 K
150 min
150 min
Weight
7.2 Kg
Height
442 mm
Maintenance
~ 85 mm
10,000 Hours
(Presented in ICEC 2014)
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C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
Progress
Expander cylinder
325 mm
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240 mm
226 mm
Housing assembly
442 mm
299.7 mm → -32.3%
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C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
Critical technologies
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C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
Simulation analysis
A 1-D simulation method
developed for 4K GM cryocooers
(Xu M Y and Morie T 2012 Cryocoolers 17)
𝜕𝜌
+ 𝛻 ∙ 𝜌𝑈 = 0
𝜕𝑡
𝑓𝑟 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑈
𝛻𝑝 = 𝐹𝑟 = −
𝑑ℎ 2 𝑈
𝜕(𝜌ℎ)
+ 𝛻 ∙ 𝜌𝑈ℎ + ℎ𝑓 𝑇 − 𝑇𝑠 = 0
𝜕𝑡
Helium property calculation subroutine(NIST)
Thermal conduction of structure material
𝜌𝐻𝑒 , 𝑇𝐻𝑒 , 𝑈𝐻𝑒 , 𝑝𝐻𝑒 , 𝑇𝑠
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First stage at 45
K (W)
Second stage at
4.2 K (W)
PV power
17.5
3.27
Cooling capacity
after
considering real
gas effect
17.2
0.56
Regenerator
loss
3.5
0.24
Shuttle loss
1.8
0.06
Pumping loss &
thermal
conduction loss
3.2
0.20
Radiation loss
1.5
0.0
Net cooling
capacity
7.1
0.06
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New regenerator material
New filling pattern inside
second stage regenerator
C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
Heat capacity comparison of
bismuth and zinc
New material zinc’s heat capacity is
LOWER than bismuth
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New regenerator material
Item
Value
High pressure (MPa)
2.28 MPa
Low pressure (MPa)
0.89 MPa
Frequency (Hz)
1.0
C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
Temperature profile of second stage
regenerator (simulation)
First stage regenerator Bronze screens
material
Second stage
regenerator
material
Tr=300K
Bi / Zn sphere +
HoCu2 sphere
Th=45K
2.28MPa
Tl=4.2K
0.89MPa
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New regenerator material
(A simulation analysis on the phenomenon)
Heat transfer behavior
on the hot end
Zinc
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C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
Bismuth
Item
Bismuth case Zinc case
First stage cooling
power (W)
66.40
74.02
(+11.5%)
Second stage
cooling power (W)
1.38
1.52
(+10.1%)
Average Helium
flow rate (g/s)
4.887
5.013
(+2.6%)
First stage
expansion PV(W)
94.0
100.5
(+6.9%)
Second stage
expansion PV (W)
20.109
21.6
(+7.4%)
(Xu M Y and Morie T 2012 Cryocoolers, Proc. of the 17th
Int. Cryocooler Conf. vol 17 pp 253-9)
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New regenerator material
New filling pattern
C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
Heat capacity comparison of
HoCu2 and GOS
(T. Numazawa, et al.: “A new ceramic magnetic regenerator
material for 4K cryocoolers”, Cryocooler 12 (2003) 473-481)
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New cylinder wall structure
C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
A new step-wise cylinder wall structure
for reducing thermal conduction
Higher mechanical strength
(M.Y. Xu, K. Nakano, M. Saito, H.
Takayama, A. Tsuchiya and H. Maruyama
Adv. Cryog. Eng. 57 (2012) 190-197 )
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C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
Experiment setup and result
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Experiment setup
C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
Motor driver
Stepping motor
1st cylinder
2nd cylinder
2nd stage
heat flange
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CNA-11B
Air-cooled compressor
Electrical supply:
100V/50Hz
Power consumption:
1.2-1.3kW @ 50Hz
Radiation shield
Vacuum vessel
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Temperature measurement
C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
Stepping Motor
Stable temperature
(No heat load):
First stage：46.3K
Second stage：2.22K
Radiation shield
CERNOX temperature
sensor
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PtCo temperature sensor
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Conclusions
C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
1. A new, compact 2K GM cryocooler has been developed
and the cooling capacity of prototype unit was tested in
this study.
2. Cylinder shortened: 99 mm; housing assembly shortend:
over 43 mm;
Total length: 442 mm → 299.7 mm
3. The prototype unit showed sufficient cooling capability
No-load condition: 46.3 K /2.22 K
4. Future work:
• New stepping motor (smaller housing assembly)
• Further confirmation on cooling capacity
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Acknowledgement
C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
・ The research results have been achieved by
“Development of a Compact Superconducting
Single Photon Detector System for PhotonQuantum Information and Communication”, the
National Institute of Information and
Communications Technology (NICT), JAPAN
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C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
Thank you!
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Appendix
C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
亜鉛による性能改善の効果
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Appendix
C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
反応速度1.5ms @ 4.2K
到達温度を考える時、
0.01Kまで信頼性があると
は言えない
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Appendix
C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
一方、2K付近では感度（d R/ dT）が高いので、分解能を考えると、1mKまで分解能
的には全然問題ない
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Appendix
C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
Noise = 0.26 Ohm * 1K / 1100 Ohm
= 0.236 mK
→振動測定する時1mKの分解能は
できる
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350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1st stage temperature
2nd stage temperature
60
1st stage temperature
50
40
30
190
200
210
Time (min)
220
1段無負荷到達温度：42.3K
6.0
Temperature (K)
Temperature (K)
クールダウン曲線- No SI
Temperature (K)
C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
Appendix
0
50
100
150
Time (min)
200
250
2nd stage temperature
4.0
2.0
0.0
145
150
Time (min)
155
2段無負荷到達温度：2.10K
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C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
Appendix
冷凍ロードマップ
2nd Stage Temperature (K)
3.4
3.2
無負荷点：
0W/0.1W
3.0
到達温度：35.2K/2.10K
仕様負荷点：
1段1.0W/2段20mW
到達温度：42.3K/2.23K
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
0W/40mW
0W/20mW
4W/0W
2.0
No-load
1W/0W
2W/0W
1.8
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35
40
45
50
55
60
65
1st Stage Temperature (K)
70
75
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Appendix
C30rD 4K cryocoolers
Contribution ID: 83
ラムダ点付近の挙動について：
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